josé gustavo garzón. “the millennium´s most important ... structure design do… · by josé...
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Project title: WHAT IF…New York´s SEAGRAM Building was a Hybrid buildingby José Gustavo Garzón. “The Millennium´s most important building”. Herbert Muschamp, The New York Times
Design description: This is an unreal scenario n New York, in 1955,imaging that the designers of the famous 39-story Seagram Building,Mis Van Der Rohe and Phillip Johson, knew the technical advance ofmixing steel, concrete and wood in structures (Hybrid structures tech)and could get a low impact on environment, based on materials CO2fingerprint and passive solar building design knowledge.
Key benefit: Mixing concrete and steel in a rigid and heavy base ofthe building, with light and flexible wood slabs around its core andupper levels, can get a lighter building and very resistant to wind(aprox. 41% less dead loads).
Ecological value: A building with a concrete and steel mix in a heavybase, with light and flexible wood slabs around its core and upperlevels, reduces the embodied CO2 in materials by aprox. 68% of thenormal steel + concrete buildings.The redesigning of the structure also allows to change the single-glasswindow system for a double-paned system and to modify some buildingdetails in order to save aprox. 30% of energy consumption.
PROFILE PICTURE OF THE DESIGN
The structure of the SEAGRAM BUILDING is a simple column grid of concrete reinforced withsteel profiles, set at square intervals reflecting the new International 1950 multi-story buildingstyle, with the Mies´ intention to let the structures be expressed as they are.To make the building resistant to wind there is a heavy concrete core until 17th level and from18th to 29th there is a steel structure with struts. Then, simple steel post and beams conformsthe structure of higher levels until 39th level.Mies was asked to protect steel from fire so he had to confined the I-steel columns and beamsinto concrete, as shown in the detail.
Existing I Bronze profiles
Concrete
MAIN STRUCTURE DESIGN DOCUMENT
ENERGY PERFORMANCE
The Building receives the sun by Park Avenue façade, so it should reflect most of the sunradiance in summer. The other faÇades should act as isolation barriers to avoid escaping theheat from the building in winter. But this is not possible because of the design.As seen in the left detail, the windows are composed by single glasses and the assemblybetween the indoor and outdoor parts creates a thermal bridge, so the heat escapes in winter.To improve it there must be isolating materials between indoor and outdoor to break thethermal bridge and also it is necessary to have a double –pane window system.
STEEL STRUCTURE
WITH STRUTS FROM 18th TO 29Tth
LEVEL
HEAVY CONCRETE
CORE UNTIL 17th LEVEL
STEEL POST & BEAMS
STRUCTURE WITH
CONCRETE SLABS
DIAGNOSIS:In a steel structure withconcrete slabs and floor, thereis a heavy weight to becontrolled against the wind asthe building goes up.Also, there is a high embodiedC02 in the materials.
SOLUTION:It can be solved easier, againstwind, introducing increasingnumber of wood slabs as thebuilding goes up.
These slabs can be made ofKerto LVL beams to replacemost of the steel beams andconcrete slabs, within a hybridstructure design concept,imaging that this kind ofconcept was available in 1955.
STEEL STRUCTURE
FOR ELEVATORS AND STAIRS UNTIL 39TH
LEVEL
FIRST FLOOR
LEVEL 2nd to 39th
EXISTING BUILDING
WIND PATTERNS: Main direction: South-west
SEAGRAM Building
Wind comes from southwest in summer and fromnortheast in winter mainly running across Park Avenue, upand down according to seasons. In summer is too warmon the west façade and in winter is too cold on the otherfaçades.
KEY STRUCTURAL INTENTIONS:-To keep concrete core & slabs from1st to 17th level and to change 73% of the floor area to wood slabs.-To keep steel structure and concrete slabs from 18th to 26th level and tochange 73% of the floor area to woodslabs.-To change 100% of the floor area towood slabs, from 27th to 39th level.
Final weight reduction of the dead load
of the building is aprox. 41,00% and this makes the building more resistantto winds and less producer of
embodied CO2: -68,00%To avoid vibration on the faÇades, theexisting aesthetic original bronzeprofiles can make the wood slabs rigid.
STEEL STRUCTURE AND CONCRETE
SLABS FOR THE 27% OF THE FLOOR AREA. LIGHT &
FLEXIBLE WOOD SLABS
FOR THE OTHER 73% OF THE FLOOR
AREA, UNTIL 26th LEVEL
LIGHT & FLEXIBLE WOOD SLABS
FOR THE 100% OF FLOOR AREA, UNTIL
39th LEVEL
18th to 26th level
30th to 39th level
1st to 17th level HEAVY & RIGID CONCRETE CORE FOR THE 27% OF THE FLOOR AREA
AND LIGHT & FLEXIBLE WOOD
SLABSFOR THE OTHER 73%
OF THE FLOOR AREA, UNTIL 17th
LEVEL
Wood slabs onall the floor, from
27th to 39th levels
VERYHEAVY
HEAVY
LIGHT
Leaning steelcolumns around
the core
Wood slabs and wood columns
on the perimeter, from 3rd to 39th
levels
HYBRID STRUCTURE PROPOSAL
Wood + Steel structure according to levels – HYBRID STRUCTURE
WOOD COLUMNS
17th level
3rd level
38th level
WOOD SLABS
STEEL BEAMS
26th level
13th level
Special steelbeam, onefloor high
Special steelbeam, onefloor high
188"
FLOOR NEW LVL WOOD
DECK 1 3/4"
EXISTING
CONCRETE & STEEL COLUMN
22"x22"
EXISTING
STEEL BEAM 16"
187"
NEW LVL
WOOD COLUMN
16"x16"
NEW LVL WOOD COLUMNS FROM
3rd to 13th LEVEL
136"
18"
4"
4"
18"
LVL WOOD
BEAM 18"x3 1/2"
SECTION - ON 13th LEVEL
NEW LVL
WOOD BEAM
18" x7"
NEW LEANING
DOUBLE C STEEL PROFILE 12"x 6"
EACH
NEW
STEEL BEAM 16"
DOUBLE
PANED WINDOW
1/2"-4"-1/2"
I BRONZE
STEEL PROFILE
8"x4"
LVL WOOD
BEAM 18"x3 1/2"
NEW STEEL BEAM 18"X16"
188"
FLOORNEW LVL WOOD
DECK 1-3/4"
EXISTING
CONCRETE & STEEL COLUMN
22"x22"
EXISTING
STEEL BEAM 16"
187"
NEW LVL
WOOD COLUMN
16"x16"
NEW LVL
WOOD COLUMN
16"x16"
NEW LVL WOOD COLUMNS FROM 3rd
to 13th LEVEL
136"
18"
4"
4"
18"
LVL WOOD
BEAM 18"x3 1/2"
SECTION - ON 3rd LEVEL
NEW LVL
WOOD BEAM
18" x7"
NEW LEANING
DOUBLE C STEEL PROFILE 12"x6"
EACH
NEW
STEEL BEAM 16"
DOUBLE
PANED WINDOW
1/2"-4"-1/2"
I BRONZE
STEEL PROFILE
8"x4"
Wood + Steel structure according to levels – HYBRID STRUCTURE
WOOD COLUMNS
17th level
3rd level
38th level
WOOD SLABS
STEEL BEAMS
26th level
13th level
Special steelbeam, onefloor high
EXISTING
CONCRETE & STEEL COLUMN
22"x22"
FLOOR NEW LVL WOOD
DECK 1-3/4"
EXISTING
STEEL BEAM 16"
NEW LVL
WOOD COLUMN
16"x 16"
136"
18"
4"
4"
18" LVL WOOD BEAM
18"x 3-1/2"
SECTION ON 38th LEVEL
NEW LVL
WOOD BEAM
18" x 7"
NEW LEANING
DOUBLE C STEEL PROFILE 12"x 6"
EACH
DOUBLE
PANED WINDOW
1/2"- 4"-1/2"
I BRONZE
STEEL PROFILE
8"x 4"
NEW
STEEL BEAM 16"
NEW STEEL BEAM 18"X 16"
FLOOR NEW LVL WOOD
DECK 1-3/4"
EXISTING
CONCRETE & STEEL COLUMN
22"x 22"
EXISTING
STEEL BEAM 16"
NEW LVL
WOOD COLUMN
16"x 16"
NEW LVL WOOD COLUMNS FROM
26th to 38th LEVEL
136"
18"
4"
4"
18"
LVL WOOD BEAM
18"x 3-1/2"
SECTION ON 26th LEVEL
NEW LVL
WOOD BEAM
18" x 7"
NEW LEANING
DOUBLE C STEEL PROFILE
12"x 6" EACH
NEW
STEEL BEAM 16"
DOUBLE
PANED WINDOW
1/2" -4"-1/2"
I BRONZE
STEEL PROFILE
8"x 4"
Structure according to levels - HYBRID STRUCTURE
HEAVY & RIGID SCREENS ANDSLABS MADE OF CONCRETE FORTHE 27% OF THE FLOOR AREA ANDLIGHT & FLEXIBLE WOOD SLABSFOR THE OTHER 73%. ADDITIONALSTEEL BEAMS IN BLUE COLOR
LIGHT & FLEXIBLE WOOD SLABSFOR THE 100% OF THE FLOORAREA. ADDITIONAL BEAMS IN BLUECOLOR
HEAVY
Additional steel beams and leaningsteel columns (In blue color) aresuggested, from 2nd to 39th level, tomake the building more rigid. Theuse of wooden slabs works to reducethe section of steel beams needed tosupport total loads.Wood columns in the perimeter ofthe façade helps to avoiduncomfortable vibration on theperimeter of each floor.A combination of heavy and rigidcore with a light and flexibleperimeter with wooden slabs, makethe building resistant to earthquakesand winds, durable and moresustainable.
2nd to 17th level 26th to 39th level
The hybrid structure of the building is a mix of concrete screens and slabs with wood slabs in the perimeter (Until 17th level), a mix ofconcrete slabs and wood slabs (Until 26th level) and 100% wood slabs (Until 39th level), taking advantage of the existing hybridsolutions of the21th century:
18th to 25th level
CONCRETE SLABS FOR THE 27% OFTHE AREA AND LIGHT & FLEXIBLEWOOD SLABS FOR THE OTHER 73%OF THE FLOOR AREA. ADDITIONALSTEEL BEAMS IN BLUE COLOR
Additional steelbeams (In blue
color)
Concrete screens and slabs core
Steel corewith struts and concrete slabs
Steel structureand woodslabs core
Wood LVL slabs in the perimeter
Typical slab section - EXISTING STRUCTURE
18"
16" EXISTING STEEL BEAM
48"
16" x 12"
I BEAM40"
345"
8" x 4"
I BEAM
SPACE
CONCRETE SLAB
SUPENDED CEILING
6
FLOOR
SPACE FOR
MECHANICAL, PIPING AND
WIRING
SPACE FOR
MECHANICAL PIPING AND
WIRING
16"
18"
2"
EXISTING STEEL BEAM
24"
18" x 3-1/2"
LVL BEAM36
345"
FLOOR1-3/4" WOODEN DECK
C STEEL
COLUMNS 12"X 20"
16" x 12"
STEEL BEAM
Typical slab section -HYBRID STRUCTURE
Maximum LVL Wood beams length is 20´
WOOD SECTIONS REQUIRED FOR WOOD SLABS AREAS:
Máximun span: 20´
Dead load (p/sf): sf x module Total load (p) Beams (LF) PLF
68,4 580 39.672,00 300 132,24
Kerto-S Catalogue: L/360= Section: 3,5" x 18"= 288,00 OK
Live load (p/sf): 110 psf
Total load (p/sf): sf x module Total load (p) Beams (LF) PLF
178,4 580 103.472,00 300 344,91
Kerto-S Catalogue: L/240= Section: 3,5" x 18"= 410,00 OK
Double-pane window detail for HYBRID STRUCTURE
The bronzemullions can be
not just a decorative profilebut to make the
wooden slabsstiffer to avoid
vibration
Double-panedwindow
29” x 3-1/2” woodLVL beams every
24”
The wood slabsavoid the
thermal bridge present in the
existing buildingenvelope and,
with the help of a new double-pane window
system, a 30% of energyconsumption is
saved
20” x 7” wood LVL beam for the
perimeter
FaÇade assembly for HYBRID STRUCTURE
FAÇADE ASSEMBLY - AT 10th LEVEL
14-1/2´
14-1/2´New Double C
steel columns 16"x 6"
New Double-
pane window system
Existing
I bronze profile 8"x 4"
New LVL wood
beam 18"x 7"
New LVL wood
column 16"x 16"
New I steel
beam 16"x 12"
29´
New LVL wood
beams 18"x 3-1/2"
Basic grid module - HYBRID STRUCTUREBasic grid module - EXISTING STRUCTURE
ALL BUILDING BASIC FLOOR MODULE
29´ x 29
´
STEEL BEAMS
20” x 3-1/2”WOOD LVL BEAMS
29'
STEEL BEAMS
BASIC FLOOR MODULE 29´ x 29´, FOR THE 73% OF THE TOTAL FLOOR AREA (ON 2nd TO 25th LEVELS) AND 100% OF THE TOTAL FLOOR AREA ON 26th
TO 39th LEVELS
29
'
29'
Max
imu
m2
0'
6” CONCRETE SLAB
20” x 14”WOOD LVL COLUMNS
BUILDING FAÇADE
Basic grid module - EXISTING STRUCTURE Basic grid module - HYBRID STRUCTURE
EXISTING STRUCTURE-Level 2nd to 17th:
Dead load: psf
Metal Structure 24
Wood structure 0
Solid concrete 144
Suspended ceiling 5
Floor finishes 30
Mechanical 10
Total dead load 213
HYBRID STRUCTURE-Level 2nd to 17th:
Dead load: psf
Metal Structure 10
Wood structure 9
Solid concrete 81
Suspended ceiling 2
Floor finishes 30
Mechanical 10
Total dead load 142
EXISTING STRUCTURE-Level 30th to 39th:
Dead load: psf
Metal Structure 24
Wood structure 0
Solid concrete 73
Suspended ceiling 5
Floor finishes 30
Mechanical 10
Total dead load 142
Basic grid module - EXISTING STRUCTURE Basic grid module - HYBRID STRUCTURE
EXISTING STRUCTURE-Level 18th to 29th:
Dead load: psf
Metal Structure 24
Wood structure 0
Solid concrete 73
Suspended ceiling 5
Floor finishes 30
Mechanical 10
Total dead load 142
HYBRID STRUCTURE-Level 18th to 25th:
Dead load: psf
Metal Structure 9
Wood structure 9
Solid concrete 20
Suspended ceiling 2
wood Floor + finishes 30
Mechanical 10
Total dead load 80
HYBRID STRUCTURE-Level 26th to 39th:
Dead load: psf
Metal Structure 8
Wood structure 9
Solid concrete 0
Suspended ceiling 0
wood Floor + finishes 30
Mechanical 10
Total dead load 57
EXISTING STRUCTURE DEAD LOADS & CO2 CALCULATIONS: HYBRID STRUCTUREvs
CO2 calculations:EXISTING STRUCTURE:
Material sf/storey psf levels TNCO2/TN Material
STEEL-Level 2nd to 17th 15.576 24 16 5.981.184,00 2.713.065,06 1,85 5.019.170,37
STEEL -Level 18th to 29th 15.576 24 12 4.485.888,00 2.034.798,80 1,85 3.764.377,77
STEEL-Level 30th to 39th 15.576 24 10 3.738.240,00 1.695.665,66 2,85 4.832.647,14
CONCRETE-Level 2nd to 17th 15.576 144 16 35.887.104,00 16.278.390,37 0,35 5.697.436,63
CONCRETE-level 18th to 29th 15.576 73 12 13.644.576,00 6.189.179,67 0,35 2.166.212,89
CONCRETE-level 30th to 39th 15.576 73 10 11.370.480,00 5.157.649,73 0,35 1.805.177,40
23.285.022,20
HYBRID STRUCTURE:
Material sf/storey psf levels TNCO2/TN Material
STEEL-Level 2nd to 17th 15.576 10 16 2.492.160,00 1.130.443,78 1,85 2.091.320,99
STEEL -Level 18th to 29th 15.576 9 12 1.682.208,00 763.049,55 1,85 1.411.641,67
STEEL -Level 30th to 39th 15.576 8 10 1.246.080,00 565.221,89 2,85 1.610.882,38
CONCRETE-Level 2nd to 17th 15.576 81 16 20.186.496,00 9.156.594,59 0,35 3.204.808,10
CONCRETE-Level 18th to 29th 15.576 20 12 3.738.240,00 1.695.665,66 0,35 593.482,98
CONCRETE-Level 30th to 39th 15.576 0 10 0,00 0,00 0,35 -
WOOD-level 2nd to 17th 15.576 9 16 2.242.944,00 1.017.399,40 -0,66 666.396,61-
WOOD-level 18th to 29th 15.576 9 12 1.682.208,00 763.049,55 -0,66 499.797,45-
WOOD-level 30th to 39th 15.576 9 10 1.401.840,00 635.874,62 -0,66 416.497,88-
7.329.444,18
Less embodied CO2 15.955.578,02
Percentage -68,52%
Dead load calculations:EXISITNG STRUCTURE:
sf/floor psf levels pounds TNs
LEVEL 2nd to 17th 15.576 213 16 53.083.008,00 24.078.452,43
LEVEL 18th to 29th 15.576 142 12 26.541.504,00 12.039.226,21
LEVEL 30th to 39th 15.576 142 10 22.117.920,00 10.032.688,51 46.150.367,16
HYBRID STRUCTURE:
sf/floor psf levels pounds TNs
LEVEL 2nd to 17th 15.576 142 16 35.388.672,00 16.052.301,62
LEVEL 18th to 29th 15.576 80 12 14.952.960,00 6.782.662,66
LEVEL 30th to 39th 15.576 57 10 8.878.320,00 4.027.205,95 26.862.170,23
Less dead load 19.288.196,93
Percentage -41,79%
STEEL STRUCTURE,
ALL BUILDING
CONCRETE SLABS, ALL BUILDING
SINGLE GLASS FACADE, ALL
BUILDING
CONCRETE CORE INSIDE UNTIL 17th
FLOOR
EXISTING STRUCTURE PROCESS HYBRID STRUCTURE PROCESS
DOUBLE PANED
WINDOW, ALL BUILDING
CONCRETE CORE INSIDE UNTIL 17th
FLOOR
WOOD SLABS IN THE
PERIMETER, from 2nd to26th LEVEL
WOOD SLABS, ALL FLOOR,
from 26 th to39th LEVEL
WOOD SLABS IN THE
PERIMETER, from 2nd to26th LEVEL
LEANING STEEL COLUMNS IN
THE PERIMETER OF THE BUILDING
I BRONZE MULLIONS ON
FACADE TO AVOID
VIBRATION
Hall of the 1st floor – EXISTING BUILDING Hall of the 1st floor- HYBRID BUILDING
3rd, 25th and 39th levels – EXISTING BUILDING 3rd, 25th and 39th levels - HYBRID BUILDING
Special steelbeam, onefloor high
Interior space (14th Level) - EXISTING BUILDING Interior space (14th Level) - HYBRID BUILDING
FAÇADE – EXISTING BUILDING FAÇADE – HYBRID BUILDING
EXISTING BUILDING HYBRID BUILDING
By José Gustavo Garzón2020
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