job dislocation: making smart financial choices after a ... choices in difficult times the prospect...

Job DislocationMaking Smart Financial Choicesafter a Job Loss

Who We AreFINRA

FINRA, the Financial Industry Regulatory Authority, is an independent regulatory organization empowered by the federal government to ensure that America’s 90 million investors are protected. Our independent regulation plays a critical role in America’s financial system—at no cost to taxpayers. We register brokers and brokerage firms, write and enforce rules governing their activities, examine firms for compliance, and foster market transparency and educate investors. For more information, visit www.finra.org.

NASWA

The National Association of State Workforce Agencies (NASWA) is an organization of state administrators of unemployment insurance laws, employment services, training programs, employment statistics and labor market information and other programs and services provided through the publicly funded state workforce system.

The guiding principles of NASWA are:

� advance the state role in the workforce system;

� invest in training and professional development; and

� lead in coordinating local, state and federal roles.

For more information, visit www.workforceatm.org.

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Job DislocationMAKING SMART FINANCIAL CHOICES AFTER A JOB LOSS

You may not be able to control if or when your company closes a plant or lays off workers—but you can take steps to manage the financial impact of those events.

Thisbrochurecontainstipsonhowto:

� keepyourfinancesontherighttrackintheeventofunemployment;

� protectyourselfwhengettingfinancialadviceduringaperiodofjobdislocation;

� protectyourselffromjobsearchscamswhenlookingforemployment;and

� asktherightquestionsaboutyourcompany’sbenefitplansatanytime.

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Job DislocationWHAT TO DO AFTER YOUR COMPANY ANNOUNCES A PLANT CLOSING OR LAYOFFS

Whateverthereasonforyourjobdislocation,younowfaceaperiodwhenhandlingyourfinancescorrectlywillbecriticaltoyouandyourfamily.Thesetipscanhelpyoutakechargeofyourfinancialsituation:

� Act Quickly to Reduce Spending: Withlessmoneycomingin,youshouldtakeimmediateactiontoreducespendingwhereverpossible.Resistthetemptationtobuyoncredit.

� Assess Your Short-Term Situation:Figureouthowmuchcashyouhavereadilyavailableorcangetonshortnotice,howmuchyouowe—mortgage,rent,creditcards,carloans—andthemonthlypaymentsassociatedwiththoseandotherdebts.Establishhowlongyoucanmakeendsmeetonthefinancialresourcesthatyoualreadyhaveinhand.

� Ask About Dislocated Worker Services:Youremployermayworkwithstateandlocalofficialstoprovideservicessuchasjobplacement,retrainingorresumewriting.Maximizeyouropportunitytogetanewpositionasquicklyaspossiblebytakingadvantageoftheseservices—makefindinganewjobyourfull-timejob.Ifyoubelongtoalaborunion,alsoaskyourunionwhatitcandotoassistyou.

� Avoid Taking Out Loans Against Your 401(k): Loansputadragonyourretirementsavingsbyreducingtheamountsinvestedonyourbehalf.Intheeventofalayoff,401(k)rulesgenerallyrequirethatemployeespaybackloanswithin90daysofleavingorfacebothincometaxesandahefty10percentpenaltytaxonthewithdrawal.

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� Inquire About Unemployment Insurance:Thestate’sunemploymentinsuranceofficemayvisityourworkplacetoofferguidanceabouttheapplicationprocess.Findoutifyouqualifyandhowtheinsurancemaychangeifyougetotherpaymentsfromthecompany.Knowingtheamountoftheinsurancebenefitandthetimeyoucanexpecttoreceiveitwillhelpyouhandleyourfinances.

Rememberthatwhenyoufileforunemploymentinsurance,stateregulationsgenerallyrequirethatyoualsoregisterwiththestate’semploymentservicesoyoucanstartsearchingforajobimmediately.Checkwithyourstatetoseewhetheranyexceptionsapply.

Collecting Unemployment Benefits While Working is Illegal. Report the Date When You Return to Work or Start a New Job.

You become ineligible to receive unemploy- ment benefits as of the date you return to work or start a new job, not on the date you receive the first paycheck for that job. State unemployment insurance (UI) agencies regularly match claimants receiving UI payments against wage records and the National Directory of New Hire data to determine if an individual was working and collecting benefits for the same week(s).

The US Department of Labor estimates that more than 10 percent of UI benefits paid in 2010 represented billions of dollars in overpayments because claimants waited to get that first check before reporting that they had returned to work or started a new job.

Remember: Report to your state unemployment office the date when you begin to work, either full time or part time. Do not wait to get your first paycheck to notify the state.

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Protect Yourself—Avoid Investment FraudBEWARE OF INVESTMENTS THAT PROMISE TOO MUCH:

Theannouncementofyourplant’sclosingormasslayoffmayhavereceivednationalorlocalpresscoverage.Ifallofasuddenyoufindthatyouarereceivingunsolicitedoffersfortheinvestmentofalifetime,beware.Ifitsoundstoogoodtobetrue,youknowitprobablyis.

ALWAYS DO A BACKGROUND CHECK BEFORE HIRING AN INVESTMENT PROFESSIONAL:

Therightinvestmentprofessionalcanworkwithyoutomakegoodchoicesduringperiodsofjobdislocation.Legitimateinvestmentprofessionalsmustbeproperlylicensed.Youcancheckthecredentialsofanypersonofferingyouinvestmentopportunities

THIS IS HOW YOU CHECK TO PROTECT YOURSELF:

� Forabrokerorbrokeragefirm,useFINRA BrokerCheck atwww.finra.org/brokercheckorcalltoll-free(800)289-9999.

� Foraninvestmentadviser,usetheSEC’sInvestment Adviser Public Disclosure websiteatwww.adviserinfo.sec.govorcalltoll-free(800)SEC-0330.

� Foraninsuranceagent,checkwithyourstateinsurancedepartment.YouwillfindcontactinformationthroughtheNational Association of Insurance Commissioners(NAIC)atwww.naic.orgorcalltoll-free(866)470-NAIC.

� Forallbrokersandadvisers,besuretocallyourstatesecuritiesregulator.ContacttheNorth American Securities Administrators Association atwww.nasaa.orgorcall(202)737-0900forthestate’snumber.

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Protect Yourself—Avoid Job Search ScamsBEWARE OF JOB SEARCH ADS THAT PROMISE TOO MUCH:

Resistthetemptationtorelyonjobsearchadsorservicesthatpromiseeasyresults.Youshouldnothavetopaytogetajob,disclosepersonalorfinancialinformationinajobapplication,oruseelectronicmoneytransfersviayourbankorcreditcardaccountstodoyourjob.Theseareallredflagsthatthejobmayinvolveillegalactivity,orsomeonemaybetryingtostealyouridentity.

THIS IS WHAT YOU DO TO PROTECT YOURSELF FROM JOB SEARCH SCAMS:

� CheckwiththeFederal Trade Commissionatwww.ftc.gov/jobscamsforthelatestscams.Ifyoususpectajobscam,fileacomplaintatwww.ftccomplaintassistant.gov orcall(877)FTC-HELP.

� Checkwithyourstate’sConsumer Protection AgencyorOffice of the Attorney General.Findthecontactnumberatwww.usa.gov/directory/stateconsumer.

� CheckwithyourlocalBetter Business Bureau. Findthecontactnumberatwww.usa.gov/directory/bbb.

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Long-Term Job DislocationSMART CHOICES IN DIFFICULT TIMES

Theprospectofanextendedperiodofunemploymentwillrequiresomedifficultdecisionsthatcouldaffectyourlong-termfinancialhealth.Managingseverancepay,choosingtheformofpaymentfrombenefitplansandpreservingyourretirementfundsifyouarestillyearsawayfromretirementagearehighinthatlist.Keepinmindthefollowingtipswhendecidingwhattodo:

� Get Financial Advice:Yourcompanyorunionmayofferguidanceregardingthefinancialdecisionsyouface.Yourstateorlocalemploymentagenciesmayalsoprovideinformation.Askquestionsasearlyaspossibletohelpdeterminewhatisrightforyou.Considerworkingwithacreditcounselororinvestmentprofessional.Theycanhelpyoudevelopaplantoseeyouthroughyourunemploymentperiodandbeyond.

� Conserve Funds Meant for Your Retirement if You Can:Tapintoyourretirementfundstomakeendsmeetonlyasalastresort.Ifyouhaveachoice,choosetokeepthosefundsinvestedandworkingforyouuntilyouactuallyretire.

� Understand the Tax Bite:Incometaxesapplywhenyoutapintoretirementfundspriortoage59½.Theplanadministratorisrequiredtowithhold20percentoftheamountyoucashouttoensurethatyouwillpaythetaxesthatapply.Anadditional10percenttaxpenaltymayapplyifyouareunder59½yearsofage.Inordertoavoidincometaxandataxpenalty,youmustrolloveryourfundstoanIndividualRetirementAccount(IRA)orotherqualifiedretirementplanwithin60daysofreceivingtheretirementfunds.Ifyouwanttodefertaxontheentireamountyoucashedout,youwillhavetoaddfundsfromothersourcesequaltothe20percentwithheldbytheplanadministrator.

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� Use Direct Rollovers to Avoid Potential Taxes: Ifyouelecttorolloverretirementfunds,youmayavoidtaxcomplicationsandtheriskthatyouwillnotcompletearolloverwithintherequired60daysofreceivingthosefunds.ChooseadirectrolloverbyhavingtheplanadministratortransfertherolloveramountdirectlytoanIRAorotherqualifiedretirementplan.

� Spend and Invest Lump Sums Wisely: Receivingalumpsummaytemptyoutospenditonthatonethingyouhavebeenwantingallyourlife.Doyourselfafavorandwait.Ifyoufacealongunemploymentperiod,thesemaybetheonlyfundsyouwillhavetomakeendsmeet.Evenifthatisnotthecase,giveyourselftime.Considershort-andlong-termneedsbeforeyoudecidewhattodo.Ifyoudecidetoinvestthelumpsum,takeyourtimetoconsiderwhatyouaregoingtoinvestin,whenyouaregoingtomaketheinvestmentandhowmuchofthelumpsumyouwanttoinvestindifferenttypesofinvestmentssuchasstocks,bondsornon-financialassets.

TIP:

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TIP:Health InsuranceCOBRA MAY HELP YOU STAY HEALTHY

A significant risk of job dislocation is the loss of your health insurance. A federal law, known as COBRA, provides for continuation of coverage up to 18 months, under certain circumstances. To be eligible for COBRA:

� Youmusthavebeenenrolledinyourcompany’shealthplanwhileemployed.Furthermore,theplanmustcontinuetooperateafteryouarenolongeremployed.

� YouhavealimitedtimetodecidetotakeCOBRAcoverageonceyouhavebeennotifiedthatyouareeligible.Youmustselectcoveragebythe60thdayafterthewrittennoticeissenttoyouorthedayyourhealthcoverageceases—whicheverislater.Ifyoufailtorespond,youandyourfamilywillloseyourrighttoCOBRAbenefits.

� Youmustpaythepremiumthatyouwerealreadypayingplustheamountthatwaspaidbythecompany.Theremaybeadditionaladministrativefees—possiblyupto2percentofyourpremium.Evenifthisseemshigh,youarestillpayinggrouppremiumsinsteadofindividualpremiums,whichareusuallyhigher.

� Youmustpaythefullpremiumontime.Failuretomakeyourfullpaymentontimewillresultinterminationofhealthinsurance.Generally,youwillnotbeabletorecovercoveragebymakingthepaymentafteryourcoveragewasterminated.

Formoreinformation,visitthewebsitefortheDepartmentofLabor’sEmployeeBenefitsSecurityAdministration(EBSA)atwww.dol.gov/ebsa.TheEBSAischargedwithprotectingtheintegrityofpensions,healthplansandotheremployeebenefits.

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Understand Your Company’s BenefitsThemostobviousbenefityougetfromyourcompanyistheregularpaycheckthatyoucountonfordoingyourjob.Anotherbenefitthatyouprobablyusefrequentlyisyourhealthinsurance.Othercompanybenefits,suchasa401(k)orpensionplan,helpyoubuildretirementsecurityovertime.Youremployermayofferavarietyofretirementbenefits,anditisuptoyoutotaketheinitiativetounderstandthem.Thisisparticularlyimportantasyoufaceaperiodofjobdislocation.Donotbeshyaboutaskingquestions.Wetellyouwhattoaskbelowafterthisbriefdescriptionofcommonlyofferedplans:

PENSION PLANS:

Theseplansusuallyprovideaseriesofpayments,alsocalledadefinedbenefit,afteryouretire.Theamountyoureceiveisnormallycalculatedbasedonacombinationofsalary,ageandyearsofservice.Pensionplansthatreplaceagoodchunkofyourbefore-retirementsalaryarebecomingrare.Employeeswholeaveajobbeforeacertainageorspecifiedyearsofservicewiththecompanymaynotreceiveanything.Thismayhappenwhentheyhavenotmettheeligibilityrequirementstobecomeentitled,orvested,intheplanbenefits.

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401(K) PLANS:

Theseplansarereferredtoasdefinedcontributionplansbecausetheyallowyoutocontributeaportionofyoursalarytoretirementsavings,andreceivecertaintaxbenefits.Whenyouparticipate,thetaxablesalarythatyouremployerreportstotheInternalRevenueService(IRS)isreducedbytheamountofthatcontribution.Incometaxesonthatmoneyandanyearningsaredeferred,orpostponed,untilyouwithdrawfromyouraccount.Generally,ifyouwithdrawbeforeage59½,youwillpayataxpenalty.SomecompaniesalsoofferaRothfeaturetothe401(k)planthatallowsyoutocontributeafter-taxdollars—knownasdesignatedRothcontributions.YoupaytaxesondesignatedRothcontributionsupfront,buttheirearningsgrowtaxfree.EarningsontheRothcontributionsmaybewithdrawnafterage59½,solongasthewithdrawalismadefiveyearsaftertheinitialRothcontribution.

Themaximumamountyoucancontributetoa401(k)issetannuallybytheIRS.For2012,themaximumcontributionis$17,000.Ifyouare50orolder,youcanaddanother$5,500in“catchup”contributionsforapre-taxtotalof$22,500.Ifyourcompanyallowsyoutomakebothpre-taxanddesignatedRothcontributions,youmaydeterminehowmuchyouwanttocontributetoeach.Youmust,however,countbothcontributionstowardstheannuallimit.Visitwww.irs.govforadditionalinformation.

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A401(k)planmaygiveyouseveralinvestmentchoices.Thecompanymayalsomatchsomeorallofyourcontributionsonapre-taxbasis.Youwillowetaxonanypre-taxcontributionsandtheirearningswhenyouwithdrawfundsfromtheplan.Themoneythatyouhavecontributedtothe401(k)planwillnotbeaffectedbyeventsimpactingyouremployerbecauseyouarealwaysentitledtoorvestedinyourowncontributions.Youremployerwilldecidehowlongyoumustworkbeforeyouvestinthematchingcontributions.Youmaymove(rollover)your401(k)savingswhenyouleaveanemployerallowingcontinueddeferralofthetaxableportionofyouraccount.

CASH BALANCE PLANS:

Theseplansprovideforabenefitthatisstatedintermsofanaccountbalance.Eachemployeehasanaccounttowhichtheemployercontributesaspecifieddollaramounteveryyear.Thefundsintheaccountearninterestataguaranteedratethatisindependentoftheactualinvestmentperformanceoftheplan.Generally,youcantakeanannuityoralumpsum.

EMPLOYEE PROFIT-SHARING PLANS:

Thecompanycontributesacertainamountofitsannualprofitstoparticipatingemployees.Eachworker’saccountiscreditedwithitsshareofthecontributedprofits.Theamountcontributedoftenebbsandflowswithacompany’sfinancialperformance.

EMPLOYEE STOCK BONUS PLANS:

Thecompanycontributesacertainnumberofsharesofitsownstocktoitsemployees.Aswithprofitsharingplans,theamountofsharesreceivedtendstofluctuateaccordingtothecompany’sfinancialperformance.

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ASK THESE QUESTIONS ABOUT YOUR EMPLOYER’S BENEFIT PLANS:

1. What are the terms of the plans that cover me?Askforthesummaryplandescription(SPD),thedocumentthatcontainsacompletedescriptionofthebenefitsowedtoyouandhowtheyarecalculated.Yourcompany’shumanresourcesdepartment,theplantrusteeoradministrator,oryourlaborunionshouldhaveacopyofthisdocument.

2. When do I vest and how much is my benefit? Theplanadministratororthecompany’shumanresourcesdepartmentshouldtellyouexactlyhowlongyoumustworkbeforeyoubecomeentitledto,orvestin,yourbenefits,andhowmuchthosebenefitswillbe.

Keepinmindthatyouarealwaysentitledtotheamountsthatyouhavecontributedtoaplan.Youremployer,however,mayrequireemployeestoworkforadesignatedperiodtovestintheamountscontributedbythecompany.

3. What is the dollar amount of the benefit I will get?Yourcompanyshouldbeabletotellyouthedollaramountthatyoucanexpecttoreceivebasedonyouryearsofservicetodate.Itshouldalsobeabletoestimateyourbenefitassumingyouworkuntilretirementage.

Understandhowthebenefitiscalculatedsoyoucandoublecheckthattheamountreportedtoyouiscorrect.Alsocheckpreviousbenefitstatementsthatyouhavereceivedalongthewaytoensurethatthecalculationiscorrect.

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4. When can I start getting payments? Youneedtoknowwhenyoucanstartreceivingyourbenefitssoyoucanplanaccordingly.Itispossiblethatyoumaynothavearighttoreceivepaymentsasquicklyasyouwouldexpectevenifyouretireundernormalcircumstances.

Someplansmayprovideforanearlyretirementoptionundercertaincircumstancesifyouhavemetthelengthofservicerequirement,evenifyoudonotmeettheagerequirement.Thisoptionusuallyresultsinareducedbenefittotheemployee.

Beforeyouoptforpayments,makesurethatyouunderstandwhatlevelofbenefit—fullorreduced—youaregetting,thereasoncausingabenefitreduction,ifany,andhowlongyouhavetowaittogetthefullbenefitprovidedbytheplan.

TIP:

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TIP:TIP: 401(k) Hardship WithdrawalsUNDERSTAND THE TAX BITE AND LONG-TERM CONSEQUENCES

Under certain circumstances, it may be possible to access your 401(k) funds before retirement. Check with your employer for the specifics of your plan. A hardship withdrawal should be a choice of last resort. You will never get the full amount that you withdraw because you will have to pay taxes.

Generally, hardship withdrawals are:

� availableifyouremployer’splanpermitsthem,butarenotrequiredbylaw;

� notloans—theycannotberepaid;

� subjecttoregulartaxes—youremployerwilllikelydeduct20percentupfront;

� subjecttoa10percentpenaltytaxifyouarenot59½orolder;

� availableonlyafteryouhavewithdrawnallotheravailable401(k)funds;and

� notavailableafteryouhavebeenterminated.

You may use hardship withdrawals to:

� purchaseorrepairaprimaryhome;

� payeducationtuition,roomandboard,andfeesforthenext12monthsforyou,yourspouse,childrenandotherdependents;

� preventevictionorforeclosureonyourprimaryresidence;

� addressseverefinancialhardship;

TIP:

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401(k) Hardship Withdrawals(CONTINUED)

� payforunreimbursedmedicalexpensesforyou,yourspouse,childrenandotherdependents;or

� payforfuneralexpensesforimmediatefamilymembers—parents,spouse,childrenandotherdependents.

The 10 percent penalty tax is waived if your hardship withdrawal results from:

� yourtotalandpermanentdisability;

� medicalbillsthatexceed7.5percentofyouradjustedgrossincome;

� acourtordertopayfundstoaspouse,childordependent;

� permanentlayoff,termination,quittingorearlyretirementinthesameyearyouturn55;or

� permanentlayoff,termination,quittingorretirementaccompaniedbypaymentsfortherestofyour(oryourdesignatedbeneficiaries’)lifeorlifeexpectancythatcontinueforatleastfiveyearsoruntilyoureachage59½,whicheverislonger.

Hardshipwithdrawalsarecostlyintheshorttermwhenyoupaytaxes.Overthelongterm,theyalsocostyouwhenthewithdrawnfundsarenottheretogrowwiththehelpofcompounding.

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Your “To Do” ListPUTTING IT ALL TOGETHER TO KEEP YOUR FINANCES ON TRACK

Therearemanythingsyouneedtodoandthinkaboutasyoufaceaperiodofunemployment.Itiseasytofeeloverwhelmed.Keepitsimplebyfollowingthesesteps:

� Take Control of Your Finances:Followthetipsaboveassoonasyoulearnthatyouwillexperienceajobloss.Knowingwhatyoucancountonfinanciallywillhelpalleviateyourconcerns.

� Use All Available Employment Services:Takeadvantageofyourstate’sservices.Usethecontactinformationprovidedbyyouremployer.Helpyourselffindthatnextjobsoonerratherthanlater.

� Protect Yourself From Financial Fraud:Checkoutanyoneofferingyoufinancialadvice.Callthenumberslistedearlierinthisbrochure.

� Protect Yourself From Job Search Scams:Checkoutanyjobadsoroffersthatseemtooeasytobetrue.Callfederal,stateorlocalconsumerprotectionagenciesatthenumberslistedearlierinthisbrochure.

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Investor protection. Market integrity.

1735KStreet,NWWashington,DC20006-1506www.finra.org©2011FINRA.Allrightsreserved.11_0171.2—10/11FRA1715IE