jeremy, corey, isaac
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Safety Concerns vs. Perceived Performance Outcomes of Athletic Equipment at a Small
Pennsylvania University
J.D. Fisher; C.P. Gildea; I.W. Weaver
HLTH 400
Fall 2007
Introduction Increased number of participants Increased in knowledge House league High School College Why do athletes manipulate equipment Baseline study
Methods Instrumentation
Online Survey Sports- MLAX, WLAX, FBL, WRL, MSC, WSC, FH
Survey Monkey Statistical analysis
ANOVA Areas investigated
Degree of Manipulation, # of pieces, Age, Gender, Sport
Results 202 individuals 52 respondents (25.7%) Male 27 (51.9%) and Female 25 (48.1%) Most-WSC (16, 30.7%) Least- MSC & WLAX (4, 7.7%) Mean age 20.1 yrs SD = 1.5 Mean yrs. Collegiate exp. 2.5 SD = 1.2 Pieces of Equip. mean 3.9 SD = 3.4
Range 0-12 29 or 56% of respondents modify, manipulate, or
eliminate equipment
Respondent Figure
Sport Respondents Average Pieces of Equipment Worn
Field Hockey 5 4.75 SD = 4.38
Football 12 11.25 SD = 2.26
Men’s Lacrosse 5 6.80 SD = 1.30
Women’s Lacrosse 4 2.00 SD = 0.00
Men’s Soccer 4 1.00 SD = 0.82
Women’s Soccer 16 1.13 SD = 0.34
Wrestling 6 2.50 SD = 1.38
TOTAL 52 3.90 SD = 3.40
Results cont’d Top 3 Reasons to manipulate
Comfort (16, 55.2%) Hinders Athletic performance (13, 44.8%) Incorrect size (7, 24.1%)
Least important reason to manipulate Education (0, 0.0% )
Results cont’d P<0.05 Significant Differences
Men vs. Women # of pieces P=0.000 “I am gaining an athletic advantage over someone who does
not change their protective equipment” (P=0.026) Sport vs. Sport
Action of modification (P=0.021) ‘I don’t think it protects me” (P=0.014) “I am gaining an advantage…(P=0.006)
Discussion Researched
Across demographics Rate and reason for manipulation
Hypothesis Accepted 56% do manipulate Main reason is comfort
Number of Pieces- avg.= 3.9 (SD=3.4) Men- 5.71 (SD=3.31) Women- 1.84 (SD=1.99) Reason= FBL & MLAX use more pieces
Discussion Cont’d Sport vs. Sport
Number of Pieces
Men vs. Women Reason for manipulation
More Men chose “to gain an athletic advantage”
Age vs. Age Younger athletes- “It does not protect me” Older athletes- ‘To gain an athletic advantage”
Conclusion Skewed Why?
Low number of response If Valid
Males and Females should be managed differently to promote use
Significance Research may be used by coaches, referees,
athletes, ATC’s, manufactures, and anyone else of interest.
This is a pilot more research should be conducted
Questions
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