jeannette mancuso

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Introduction Statement of the Problem Review of Related Literature Statement of the Hypothesis Participants Experimental Design Procedure Graphs Charts Correlation Results Discussion Implications Threats to Internal validity Threats to External validity

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The importance of proper nutrition and

exercise has been ↓ even though the

obesity rate has been ↑.

Unfortunately, when dieting and exercising is done improperly, there can be some serious personal and physical side effects.

Each person needs to decide for themselves through research and proper information from highly established professionals what is clearly right or wrong.

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How can we deliver proper nutrition and exercise in a child’s daily routine accurately to positively affect their schoolwork and their health?

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Colquhoun & Kirk, 1989 p. 423-424

French, Kaphingst, & Story, 2006, p.115-117

Christie, Kathy, 2005, p. 5-7

Adeyanju & Greene, 1991, p. 439-441

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Monitoring correct diet and exercise of both male and female adolescent students to ensure that they are living a healthy lifestyle will positively affect their academic performance in all subject areas and lower their chances of health complications for the future.

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Sample Size (N) =23 students

Ages ranged from12-19

13 Caucasian students, 3 Hispanic, 7 African American

19 are female (two 19, one 18, two 17, six 16, one 15, three 14, two 13, and two 12 year olds)

4 are male (two 13, one 14, and one 15 year old)

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This is a Quasi Experimental Design. It includes a pre-test, and/or post-test design, a sample size, and instruments.

These pretests and posttests were a self-created study and has not been tested. To date, there are no validity and reliability coefficients; this is pilot tested.

One Group Pretest-Posttest Design Single group is pretested (o), exposed to a

treatment (X), and posttested (0). Symbolic Design OXO

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23 kids not randomly selected

Received pretest survey (Appendix B)

Received sample diary (Appendix D)

Received name of doctor (Appendix E)

List of foods that would help them along with their new diet (Appendix F)

Finally, children received posttest survey (Appendix C)

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Quest. 1 Quest. 2 Quest. 3 Quest. 4 Quest. 5 Quest. 6 Quest. 7 Quest. 8 Quest. 9

L 1 1 1 2 4 4 1 2 1

J 1 2 1 1 2 2 2 1 1

F 1 2 1 1 3 3 1 2 1

M 2 3 1 2 3 3 2 3 1

S 1 1 2 2 3 2 2 2 1

L 1 2 1 1 4 3 1 2 1

J 2 2 1 2 3 3 1 2 1

N 1 2 1 1 4 4 1 2 1

S 1 3 1 2 3 3 1 3 1

G 1 2 1 1 4 4 1 2 1

M 1 2 2 3 3 2 2 2 2

M 1 3 1 2 4 2 2 2 1

T 2 3 1 2 3 3 2 2 1

R 1 2 1 1 3 3 1 2 1

C 1 2 1 1 4 3 1 2 1

J 3 3 2 2 2 1 3 3 2

A 3 3 2 2 2 2 3 2 2

P 2 2 1 2 2 1 3 2 2

B 2 3 2 2 2 2 3 2 2

S 2 3 2 2 3 2 1 2 1

E 3 3 2 2 2 2 3 2 2

The students wished to remain anonymous so their first letter of their first name is listed.

Columns B through J in Row 1 represent the questions from the pretest survey-actual questions found in Appendix B

This graph/chart is based on a Likert Scale 1=Absolutely, 2=Possibly, 3= Unlikely, and 4=No Way.

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X column=number of students who picked Absolutely, Possibly, Unlikely, and No WayY column=number of students who picked Absolutely, Slightly, Want more of a change, and No WayQuestion 1: Do you think that by altering your exercise and eating habits, you will/do feel better about yourself?Question 2: You will be/are more alert during school?

x y

13 12

2 7

16 5

8 7

0 0

2 9

12 6

1 1

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These results show a positive correlation of r = 0.716 with one degree of freedom

Would Feel Better About Themselves

Felt Better About Themselves

50% 55.6%

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Would Feel More Alert In School

Did Feel More Alert

50% 61%

Satisfied with the Way They Looked

Wanted More of a Change

8% 100%

Wanted to Change Happy with the Change

41% 83.3%

Believed Diet & Exercise Important

Diet & Exercise Helped

33% 88.8%

Adolescent students of both the male and female gender would generate a positive effect in both their schoolwork and their personal lives

Positive results are consistent with the opinions and findings of Colquhoun & Kirk (1989), Gortmaker, Kim, Lindsay, & Sussner (2006), Deusinger, Deusinger, Highstein, Racette, & Strube (1996), Adeyanju, & Greene (1991), etc…

Disagreements came from Lee, & Owen (1989),Taubes (2001) and Edwards (1988)

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If we had the right training for the children and teachers, we could find a way to get students and ourselves to start leading a healthier lifestyle to avoid the problems we could encounter in the future and allow students to work harder and better at their academic subjects.

It is with this conclusion that I believe that more empirical research is needed to establish how to instill these ideas effectively.

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History Maturation Mortality Testing Instrumentation

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Threats to External Validity

Pretest Treatment

Selection-Treatment Maturation

Experimenter Effects

Ecological Validity