jaseera .docx
Post on 29-Jan-2016
67 Views
Preview:
TRANSCRIPT
INTRODUCTION
The textile industry in India has made major developments after
independence. Today it plays a crucial role in the economy it uses
yarn produced by the spinning mills as its raw material. Cannanore
Spinning and Weaving Mill is an important spinning mill unit in
Kannur which provides high quality yarns.
The market demand for the product of the Cannanore Spinning and
Weaving Mill is high. In an environment of rapidly escalating
competitive challengers, every company has to invest across the value
chain to achieve world class competitive capability in each of the
business in its portfolio. These strategic interventions results in
progressive transformation of traditional organizations into
internationally competitive organization. Where the focus is superior
value for all stake holders each business within portfolio is
continuously engaged in upgrading competitive capability to
effectively address growth challenges in the fast globalizing Indian
market, and over time in the world markets. The vision of every
company is now apparently is the creation of unique business models
that foster international competitiveness of not only its business but
also the entire value chain of which it is a part. This has made
functioning of each organization much complex than the older days.
Systematic and organized approach is indispensable to meet this
challenge of complexity. All these leads to emergence of modern
organization concept which relies on identifying and grouping the
work to be performed, defining and deleting responsibility and
authority, and at last establishing relationships for the purpose of
enabling people to work most effective in these aspects.
1
OBJECTIVES OF THE STUDY
The objectives of the study are explained as under. They are;
1. Understand the history and objectives of the firm.
2. Study, the organizational structure of the mill.
3. To understand all the functional areas of the mill
4. Evaluate accounting procedure and book of accountant attached
and maintained by the firm.
5. Apply the SWOT analysis, porter's 5 forces model and Mc
Kinsey’s 7s to understand the competitive position of the mill.
6. Otter suitable suggestions for the improvement of the
performance of the mill.
7. To study the functioning of various departments like production,
sales and marketing, purchase and stores, HR (personnel).
SIGNIFICANCE OF THE STUDY
The major significance of the study is to get practical
experiences about working of an organization. The academic
curriculum provides a basic knowledge about the theoretical aspects
in the management of business. The implications in the theory are
compared with the real situation in the light of this study and an
analysis can be made. The various function of the firm with its
advantages and disadvantages could be situated intensively. This
project helps to get a clear cut idea about the department and
implementation of different techniques inside the firm. It helps us to
understand about how to keep good communication between top
managers and subordinates this project also helped to understand the
production process in Cannanore Spinning and Weaving Mills.
2
Source of data Data for the study and has been collected from primary and
secondary sources.
Primary data
Primary data was collected from Mr. Muneer K (HR Manger),
also from administrative staff and workers.
Secondary data
The secondary data were collected through the careful study of
the extracts of the accounts of the company and some of the basic
information about the company was collected by browsing the
company website www.niclid.coin, some other information related to
the project were also downloaded from the internet.
Scope of the study
The study describes the history, genesis, activities, and
achievements of Cannanore Spinning and Weaving Mills, Kannur. This
study covers information on the present organizational system of
Cannanore Spinning and Weaving Mills. This information can help in
better understanding the firm, its policies and strategies.
This study gives hints on how effectively an organization can
design its functional areas like marketing, finance, HR practices,
operations and supply chain management and how they can be
constructed to improve organizational effectiveness
Limitations of the study
The limitations of the study are described as under;
1. Time is the one of the limitation. So the intensive study of the
concern is impossible.
3
2. No of businesses reveal every business secretes so only
available information are used for analysis.
3. The study period is for 1 day. Hence the data cannot be
compared to the longer life of company.
4
Chapter 2
PROFILE OF THE INDUSTRY
INTRODUCTION OF TEXTILE MILL INDUSTRY
The Origin of the term, 'textile' can be traced back to the Latin
origin. The textile tradition of India is perhaps the ‘world’s oldest
textile tradition. The manufacturing plants of making textile fabrics
and textile products are termed as textile milk are considered to be
5
one of the largest industries in the Indian subcontinent. The textile
mills not only meet the requirements of the domestic economy but
also offer employment opportunities to millions of workers in a variety
of occupations. Since the past four decades the textile mills of
workers in a variety of occupations. Since past four decades the
textile mills underwent a process of persistence growth and
development.
Textile mills form the basis of textile production. Textile mills
take either natural fiber or synthetic fiber and transform them into
yam. Thread or webbing. After that the textile mills deals in producing
fabric and textile products mostly produced by mean of knitting,
weaving or tufting. Workers in the textile mills then use complex and
automated looms to transport yarn into cloth. This process of textile
production has come down to us through centuries
The various products manufactured in the textile mills include
both yarns products and fabric products. The yarn products
manufactured by the textile mills are blended yarns. Cotton yarns,
specialty yarns, synthetic yarn. The fabric products of the textile mills
are include knitted fabrics, woven fabrics, gray and dyed fabrics.
Globalizing economics in third world countries like India
tempered with aggressive marketing scheme and technological hyper
competiveness caused obstacles for trade practices in textile
production. India is the largest exporters of cotton yarn with a share
of about 22% of the world trade after the industrial revolution the
demand for spinning mill increased. The home market with cheaper
foreign goods worth improved quality. The government has been
formed one company Textile Corporation Limited, New, Delhi to
manage the mill.
WORLD SCENARIO
6
It contributes 20% of industrial production, 9% of excise
collection and 18% of employment in the industrial sector. Nearly
20% to the countries to the total earnings and 4% of the GDP. the
Indian textile industry and apparel industry occupies a significant
position in the global textile map as it is the second largest producer
of cotton yarn, largest producer of jute, 2nd largest producer of silk
and 5th largest producer of synthetic fiber. India is one of the
countries that have a presence across the entire value. Chain of textile
of apparel business starting from other production. Spinning weaving
to garment manufacturing
The textile and clothing trade in the global market is fast
changing with the scaling up of uses of textiles in diverse area. Asian
countries including India play a dominant role in the international
trade of global market. China was a major share in textile and
clothing trade in the international market. Both Bangladesh and Hong
Kong have a significant share. However, India is still on the back seat.
It is reported that Asian countries export most 0f textile and apparel
to Europe and North America and USA etc. Asian countries are
gaining in textile trade due to lower cost compared to African,
European and South American countries. As per the Global textile
and apparel industry: vision 2015, world textile and apparel trade
is expected to reach US$650 bn by 2015
From US$805 bn in 2010. At present a few countries like Bangladesh,
Thailand Cambodia, SriLanka, Pakistan contribute major share in
forex earning of their country from textile and clothing trade, through
their share in the world market is not very significant
Asian countries are facing challenges in the global market due
to volatility in price, rising input cost, energy crisis and lack of
marketing initiative / exposure etc. in addition, initiatives need to be
7
made in the area of Research and Development, skill Development and
Capacity building of the industry as a whole. Industry has to be in a
demand driven mode.
It is also noticed that tariff rates in Asian
countries are extremely high, which became a barrier to scale up the
share in the international market. At present a few Asian countries
are enjoying a special status in the global market as per WTO
guidelines and able to retain share per date. But this may not last long
because of growing competition emerging from other countries.
Government of the concerned countries also facilitated the sector to
grow by farming policy and keeping provision of incentives
/concessions to encourage for international marketing. However,
India is not enjoying such status and over the years. India's
contribution from textile and clothing trade in country’s total forex
earning shows a decline trend in last decades. Government of India
has made a good Number of global shares.
Important statistics and data on international trade are given
as follows:-
Table-1: textile & clothing tariff rates in Asian countries
Countries Textile clothing
Bangladesh 25.0% 25%
Iran 12.0% 100%
Turkey 24.5% 52%
Malaysia 9.0% 0.2%
8
Indonesia 9.2% 14.5%
Pakistan 35% 25%
Vietnam 9.7% 19.7%
Cambodia 5.5% 14.1%
China 9.5% 16.0%
India 29.6% 31.1%
Sri Lanka 7.9% 30.3%
Thailand 7.9% 30.3%
Textile exports of Asian countries (US $ Million)
countries 2010 2011 2012
Bangladesh 15525 15660 19939
China 107264 129820 153774
Hong Kong,
china
22826 24049 24505
India 12005 11229 14365
Indonesia 5915 6820 8045
Japan 484 531 595
Korea republic 1396 1610 1840
Malaysia 3126 3880 4567
Pakistan 3357 3930 4550
Philippines 1534 1764 1402
Singapore 1045 1069 1190
Sri Lanka 3265 3491 4211
Taipei, Chinese 904 979 994
Thailand 3724 4300 4561
Turkey 11556 127650 13948
9
Vietnam 8540 10390 13154
Cambodia 2441 3041 4051
Colombia 592 650 650
Table-3 textile exports of Asian countries (US& million)
Countries
2010 2011 2012
Bangladesh 886 1263 1590China 59824 76871 94411Hong Kong 9976 11307 11283India 9111 12833 15016Indonesia 3208 4144 4791Japan 6109 7086 8035Korea, republic 9155 10968 12369Malaysia 1359 1671 2036Pakistan 6510 7848 9082Philippines 704 170 184Singapore 704 809 851Sri Lanka 139 172 198Taipei, Chinese 7891 9719 11016Nepal 243 257 289Vietnam 2009 3061 3772
INDIAN SCENARIO
India textile industry is one of the leading textile industries in the
world through was predorninantly unorganized industry even a few
years back, but the scenario started changing after the economic
liberalization of Indian economy in 1991 the opening up of economy
gave the much-needed thrust In the Indian textile Industry. Which has
now successfully become one of the largest in the world India textile
industry depends upon the textile manufacturing and export? It also
plays a major role in the economy of the country India earns about
10
27% of its total foreign exchange through textile exports further. The
textile industry of India also contributes nearly 14% of the total
industrial of the country. It also contributes around 3% to the GDP of
the country. India textile industry is also the largest in terms of
employment generation. It not only generates jobs in its own industry,
but also opens up scopes for the other ancillary sector. India textile
industry currently generates employment to more than 35 million
people it is also estimated that industry will generates 12 million new
jobs by the year 2014.
Various categories: Indian textile industry can be divided into
several segments, some of which are listed as below:
Cotton textiles
Silk textiles
Woolen textiles
Readymade garments
Hand-crafted textiles
Jute and coir
11
The Industry
12
India textile industry is one of the leading in the world.
Currently it is estimated to be around US $ I.15 billion by the year
2014. The current domestic market of the textile in India is expected
to be increased to US $ 60 billion by 2014 from the current US $ 34.6
billion. The textile exports of the country was around US $ 19.14
billion in 2006-2007 which shows a stiff rise to reach US$ 22.13 in
2007-08. The share of the exports is also expected to increase from
4% to 7% with in 2014.
Strength
Major strengths of this industry are vast textile production
capacity, large pool of skilled and cheap work force, entrepreneurial
skills, efficiency multi-fiber raw material manufacturing capacity,
large domestic market. Enormous export potential very low import
content, flexible textile manufacturing system etc.
Weaknesses
Major weakness of this industry are increased global
competition in the post., 2005 trade regime under WTO import of
cheap textiles from other Asian neighbors, use Of outdated
manufacturing technology, poor supply chain management. Huge
unorganized and decentralized sector. High production cost with
respect to other Asian competitors etc,
Major players
Major players of this industry in India are;
13
Danalakshmi spinning and weaving mills
Loknath spinning and weaving mills
Birla cotton spinning mills Ltd
Pasupathi spinning and weaving mills
Sree Ayyanar spinning mills
Current facts
India retained its position as world‘s second highest
cotton producers.
Acreage under cotton reduced about 1% during 2010-
2011
The productivity of cotton which was growing up over the
years has decreased in 2010-2011
Substantial increase in the minimum support prices
(msps).
Cotton exports couldn’t pick up owing to disparity in
domestic and international cotton prices.
Imports of cotton were limited to shortage in supply of
Extra Long staple cottons.
COMAPANY PROFILE
Name of the company : Cannanore spinning and weaving Mills
14
Address : Cannanore spinning and weaving Mills
Kakkad, PB NO, 1601, Kannur, Kerala state
Website : www.ntcltd.co.in
E-mail ID : caspinnte@gmail.com
Phone : 0497-2760367, 2706266
Fax : 0497-2701987
Ownership : Central public sector Undertaking
Group : NTC
ORIGINE AND DEVELOPMENT
Cannanore Spinning and Weaving Mill were originally started
by private owner Shri. Keyath Damodar in 1948 with 20000 spindles
capacity. The mill earned profit and have no problem till 1970. There
after the company faces heavy loss due to various reasons and hence
the management was taken over by the government of India. The
home market are flooded with cheaper foreign goods with improved
quality, this is the main reason which affected the company adversely.
Thus the mill was taken over by the central government in India in
1972 through an ordinary and nationalized through an act in
parliament in 1974. The government has formed one company named
the NTC Ltd, New Delhi to manage the mills, procure good quality
material and allocate these materials to different mill and collect
produced goods from different mill for the purpose of exporting into
foreign countries like USA, Europe etc. The company introduces new
machines and production capacity increased till 1980.
15
General Manger
Thereafter the company again incurred loss for many years.
Being a government undertake financial support was received from
the government and hence the mill has been running without many
problems. Furthermore, the mill along with some other NTC units
was referred to the “Board of Industrial and Financial Reconstruction
(BIFR)” under the sick industrial companies Act. The NTC (SRO) Ltd.
Coimbatore was referred to the BIFR as per the provisions of SICA
has been finally approved by the BIFR March 2002, as per the
sanctioned rehabilitation scheme five unviable units. This mill include
in the list of variable units.
Land area statement
Area of colony compound : 4.21 acre
Area of nil compounds : 8.32 acre
Pump House : 0.02 acre
Road : 0.04 acre
Total : 12.59 acre
Cannanore spinning &weaving mills
Unit of national Textile Corporation LTD
ORGANISTION STRUCTURE
16
HIERARCHY OF PRODUCTION DEPARTMENT
17
Senior assistant
Spinning manger
Deputy spinning manger (maintenance)
Wrapping assistant
Quality controller
Engineer
Electrician
Wire man
Assistant spinning manger (production)
Technical assistant
Store keeper
Purchase assistant
Production assistant
Shift assistant
Shift 2 super visor
Workers
Shift 3 supervisor
Workers
Shift 1 super visor
Workers
PRODUCTION DEPARTMENT
Production is the main and basic activities of all industrial units.
All other activities are revolved around this activity: the end-product
of the production activity is the creation of goods and services for the
satisfaction of human wants. Production is the process by which raw
materials and other inputs are converted into finished products.
Mixing is the value addition automatically results in productivity
18
improvement. This can be done by starting from the stage of product
development and concentrating on various other intermediate tasks
and finally the implementation of proper quality control system and
maintenance of the equipments. This amount of tracking the
management issues in each and every sub system of the production
function.
In Cannanore Spinning and Weaving Mills, the main product is
yarn; yarn is a long continuous length of interloped fibers, suitable for
use in the textile, sewing, embroidery and rope making. The
production department of Cannanore Spinning and Weaving Mill is
more conscious in their production process and methods. Production
departments each functions and responsibilities are carefully done by
the according to the instructions of SRO. In Cannanore Spinning and
Weaving Mills, the production activities are undertaken by the
spinning manager, and he is the head of department. The main
functions of spinning manager are;
1. To take better decision related to the production process.
2. Provide necessary facilities to the workers in order to attain the
target.
Under the spinning manager the assistant spinning manager is
appointed. Deputy spinning manager is responsible to take the
decision related to the maintenances of machines as well as handling
of materials. Under deputy spinning manger, wrapping assistant
performs.
Factors of production in Cannanore Spinning and
Weaving mill
In Cannanore Spinning and Weaving Mills, different kinds of
inputs are need for the production of yarns. The main factors of
production are;
19
1. Raw material
In production process, raw material gets transferred into
finished goods. In Cannanore Spinning and Weaving Mils synthetic
fibers are used as raw materials which includes.
Polyester Stable Fiber (1.20 D*38mm) (PSF)
PSF is one of the unavoidable materials used in the production of
corn yarns. Polyester is a synthetic fiber and also petroleum product.
It is coal derivative and the physical property is PSF (1.20 D*38mm)
Viscose Stable Fiber (1.50 D*44mm) (VSF)
VSF is a natural polymer made from wood pulp. It is generated
cellulose fiber, which is similar to natural cotton fiber with respect of
its property; physically property of VSF is (1.50 D*44mm)
But both PSF & VSF are considered as the subject of textile fiber.
20
Suppliers of Raw material
As the product of Cannanore Spinning and Weaving Mill is cone
yarn, for the production of these products PSF & VSF are used.
Adequate supply of raw materials is very necessary to the mill to
achieve its target production within the specified time. In India, the
polyester is the polyester is a monopoly of two companies; they are
Reliance India Ltd and Indorama Ltd (Indonesian Company). The main
supplier of PSF Cannanore Spinning and Weaving Mills is Indorama
Ltd. PSF is supplied in the unit bale. The weight of one bale is around
400 bags. Wanted cost of one kg.PSF is RS.78 and VSF is Rs. I17/kg.
Raw material procurement process in Cannanore
Spinning and Weaving Mills
The procurement process in Cannanore Spinning and
Weaving Mills begins with preparation of spin plan. The spin plan is
21
budget that shows the cost increased allocating a certain number of
machines for producing each count of yams. A selling price fixed
taking into consideration the weekly market trend. The difference in
selling price and cost provide the expected profitability. The price and
term of payment of material are fixed on the meeting and the minutes
of the meeting is send to all the mills. Since Grasim industry is the
supplier of viscose, the NTC procure it from them.
2) Machines
In Cannanore spinning and weaving Mills, highly technical and
modern machines are installed. The mill production process is carried
out in different stages as well as through different department. It
includes mixing, carding, drawing and simple etc. For this process
different machine are used in Cannanore spinning and weaving Mills
3) Labor
There are skilled, semi skilled labors perform different types of jobs at
Cannanore Spinning and Weaving Mills. These are the important
factors which affect the production of the Cannanore Spinning and
Weaving Mills.
Plant location of Cannanore Spinning and Weaving
Mill
Location of the plant is function of determining where is the
plant to be located for maintaining operating economy and
effectiveness it is an important decision which as a hearing on
efficiency of the production to the suitable location of plant. In
Cannanore Spinning and Weaving Mills, the plant is located in
Kakkad, Kannur. CS & WM located its plant in Kakkad by consider
both internal and external factors. The SRO located the plant in
Kakkad is to nearness to the market, transportation facility,
22
availability of finance, communication facility, availability of power.
The main advantage enjoyed by CS&WM selecting plant location in
sub urban area or in Kakkad. The cost of land is comparatively less
than the big city. Advertising value etc. Can’t be enjoyed by the mill
because they select sub urban location for plant.
Plant Layout of Cannanore Spinning and Weaving
Mills
Plant lay out refers to the arrangement and location of different
departments and of the machinery with us a department to that an
optimum utilization of space available can be mad with a view to
enabling the plant to function in an effective manner. It involve the
allocation of space and arrangements of equipment s such a manner
that overall operate cost is minimized. In CS&WM process lay out is
used that is machine and equipments in CS&WM process lay out of
the same functional type are grouped together in a particular
department that is separate departments are established for each
production process
Production Process
Production process of yarn in CS&WM hence the mill concentrate
on the production of yarn. Therefore, process layout chooses by SRO.
There are the coordination of the production process is necessary to
ensure quality yarns at reasonable cost process regarding a
production is as follows.
23
Opener Process
Mixing Process
Blow Room
Carding
Drawing
Ring Frame
PACKING
DISPATCH
Simplex
CONE WINDING
24
1. Opener process
The opener process is the first process carried out in the yarn.
During the process, bales of PSF and VSF are put into an opener
machine to start the production. The oil mixed with water in the
ration of 1:1 and is sprayed on the fibre kept for a day before it is
mixed and is passed to the next department.
2. Mixing process
The second step in the production process is called mixing. In
this process Polyester Staple Fibre (PSF) is mixed with VSF in a
predetermined production according to the requirement of yarn to be
manufactured in the particular count. By identity the count and the
mixing portion, PSF is given a tint. Tinting is helping in easy
identification of count. Different food colours light green, yellow and
pink which can be washed easily is used for tinting and is maintaining
them.
3. Blow room
The loose mix collected form mixing department is charged to the
blow room where they are topped manually in order to get a
homogenous blend of various ingredients of the mix, polyester and
viscose. The topped mix is then passed through the condenser into
tanker and through the pipes it is fed to the second blow room
machines. The objective of this process is to open our thick masses of
new materials of finish pieces and to give a through blending of
polyester and viscose. Certain amount of impurities of foreign matter
and metal particles, if any has to extract. The raw materials is
converted into a sheet from and wound on rod. This is called a lap,
the length and weight of each lap is determined. The length of each
25
of lap is 30 yards and standard weight is 13 kg, a tolerance of plus or
minus 300 gm is permitted. The duration of forming one lap is 6
minutes.
4. Carding process
Carding process is the heart of the spinning process, the lap is
collected from the blow room is fed to the carding machine of the
carding department. In these machines sheet forms of laps are
converted into a silver form. Each lap is drafted 90to 100 times and
parallelization of fibre takes place.
Here short fibres, if any are extracted and the fibres are
straightened and parallelized into uniform size to eliminate un-
evenness in the yarn thickness and to ensure uniform weight. Cords
are allocated to each account, according to the spin plan and silver is
collected from the cording machines count wise. Single silver has
length of about 3000 meters and time for producing I can silver is
2.00 to 2.30 hours. There are 42 carding machines running in the
mill. Conventional card have an average life 50 years.
5. Drawing Process
The carder silver produced in the carding department is passed
on to this department here homogenous blending takes place to
achieve uniformity in thickness, weight, unit, length etc.
There are two types of process;
a)Breaker Head Drawing
In this process 8 can of silver is fed to 1 delivery of drawing
machines and each of these 8 silver are converted in to 1 single silver
by blending and drawing and is collected in one can, 8 doubling is
taking place to form single silver.
26
Each drawing machines can deliver 16 can in total, with 8 cabs
placed on each sides and collected in 2 cans. A maximum of 3000
yarns can be collected in a single can after doubling. The product of
breaker head is breaker drawing silver.
a)FINISHER HEAD DRAWING
Here 8 cans collected from the breaker head of drawing
machines is again processed, in another head of drawing machines.
After this processing 4000Yarns are collected in a can. Finisher
drawing silver is the silver collected and is the end product of
drawing department. The capacity of drawing department is 16
delivers. A drawing tender has to look after 6 deliveries.
6. SIMPLEX (Speed Frame)
In this department the finisher drawing silver produced in the
drawing department is fed to the simplex machines. The silver is
passed through the drafting zone 12 to 13 times. A certain amount
of twist is imparted on the body of drafted materials, which is
called Rove. This rove is wound on plastic bobbins having a
package weight 750 gm to 1 Kg. Speed frame department has to 8
simplex machines in the first unit and 4 in the second unit having
120 spindles.
7. SPINNING (Ring Frame)
Under this section, the simplex bobbins are fed to the ring
frame reel where it passed through several parts of rollers running
27
at higher speed. The draft-twists and other specifications required
are made in this stage. The mill has 864 spindles with 80 frames.
The rotating speed of spindles is 13000-14000 rpm. The output
process is the spinning bobbins or spindle of copes.
In the spinning department bobbins that are bought from the
simplex department are related on the ring frame reel and rove is
drawn through the drafting, twisting and windings. Rove is drafted
to thinner from of yarn. It is drafted to 20-27 times according to
the count to be spin. Different counts can have different twist.
This binds the fibre with one another. This is caked TPI (Twist per
Inch). A normal yarn has 20 TPL. Yarn is wound on plastic tubes
that are called copes. Average content on a cop is about 70 Gms.
8. CONE WINDING
In this department yarn in cps is converted in to yarn form. In
the cone department all types of defects of yarn is rectified and
also yarn on come is defect free. According to the requirement of
the market bigger cone yarn is packed weighting 1.50 kg each. A
winder has to look after15.30 runs according to the count of the
yarn.
The full built cone of 1.50 kg is removed and collected by the
winder and then it is stacked in the bins count wise in the packing
department. The cone winding machinery has 120 spindles that
winds120 cons at a time it takes about 2.30 hours. The department
has 7 cone winding machines there by each machine requires 2
persons.
28
9. CONE PACKING
In this department the final product of yarn one cone are packed
in polythene bags. One such bag contains60 cones and net weight
of 1 bag is 42 kg. They put necessary details like count, gross,
weight, month, yarn of packing bag number into lot numbers. And
then these bags are ready for dispatch to the market. There are 6
workers in these departments.
Quality control department
Quality refers to the sum of the attributes or properties that
describes a product. These are generally expressed in terms of
specific product characteristics must be qualitatively expressed in
terms that can be objectively measured or observed. Systematic
control of these factors is the quality control. Quality is the only
weapon to fight in competition.
One of the achievements of the industrial revolution has been
the ability of mass producing goods of uniform quality. In recent
years, poor quality has been causing problem and an
embarrassment to the industry owners. Quality control has
therefore become highly relevant. In Cannanore spinning and
weaving Mills routine quality control is done in each department
on a regular basis in order to ensure the quality norms of the yarn.
Quality of yarn is checked at different stages of production.
Samples are taken from roving and spinning department.
The standard measure for calculating the quality of yarns is
grains followed by Cannanore spinning and weaving Mills.
1.00 kilogram=15.70 grains at the end of the
production
4.54 kilogram=7000 grains= 1pound(Lb)
29
Quality measure
An electronic “direct count balance” is used to measure the
quality of yarn. Six yards of silver from carding department and
fifteen yards of rove from simple department are used to sample to
measure the quality using a “warp block”. After spinning 120yards of
yarns is measured is using a “warp red”.
A part from these a regular sample of inputs in each department
is being sent periodically to research institute like SITRA,
coimbathore and Textile committee testing laboratory, Kannur. The
study report obtained from such institute is carefully analyzed and
necessary changes are made in the production department in order to
maintain the standard quality norms.
Material Handling in Cannanore spinning and weaving
mill
Material Handling is an impotent activity in Cannanore spinning
and weaving Mills. Material handling include all the movement of
material in a manufacturing situation or .it is a combination of
methods, facilities, labour and equipment for moving, packaging and
storing the material to meet the specific objectives. Material handling
is an unavoidable activity in Cannanore spinning and weaving mills.
The main objectives of material handling activities in Cannanore
spinning and weaving mill are;
1. Fuller utilization of the capacity
2. Higher productivity at lower cost.
3. Reduce work fatigue
30
4. Better space utilization.
PRODUCTION PLANNING
Planning is necessary for getting better result. Production
planning involves management decision relating to the quality of
finished goods to be produced, material and tools needed step to
follow in production etc. In Cannanore spinning and weaving
mills .pre-planning is done by preparing a monthly and yearly budget
before the annual report. Mill compares are the target with the
budget. Based upon the availability of new materials, they plan to
reduce or increase the number of yarns fixed in counts.
Facilities provided in the production department
INSPECTION
Inspection means checking acceptable of a
manufacture product. In Cannanore spinning and weaving
mills, inspection is done on daily basis. It helps to locate defects
in raw materials if and separates defects in products and
ensure qualitative products .if there by help in reducing
complaints from customers regarding the product.
MAINTANACE
In Cannanore spinning and weaving mills, asset of
activities are adopted to keep plant, machinery, tools and other
facilities in a good condition. The maintenance used here is
planned one. It involves inspection of machinery and equipment
in order or repair before actual deterioration in service occurs.
Lubrication and cleaning of machines are done weekly. This
31
enables uninterrupted functioning and machines and increases
productivity.
MATERIAL HANDLING
Material handling involves moving, packing and
storing all the materials used by a firm. Material handling
system moves material from one stages of production to
another in Cannanore spinning and weaving mills material
handling equipments like lifting machines and trolleys are used.
Material handling system improves the safety for man and
materials. Improve overall productivity, helps to conduct
production activities economically. The process layout of
Cannanore spinning and weaving mill enable effective handling
of materials.
QUALITY CIRCLE
It is a small group of employees whose assignment is to
identify problem formulates solution and place their results to
the management with suggestion for implementation. Quality
circles provide opportunity for problem solving, team building.
And growth of employees helps the company to make a more
participative culture
LIGHITING
It is one of the most important physical facilities
required in a factory. In Cannanore spinning and weaving Mill.
Adequate lighting is provided to the workers which enable them
to see minute details of work with easy and accuracy. In the
administration section, artificial lamination is providing during
the day time and also during the night shift. The intensity of
illumination is controlled to suit the requirement of
32
specification operation. Good lighting ensures high productivity
and help to prevent accidents
VENTILLATION
It includes supply and removal of air from the room .in
Cannanore spinning and weaving mill , the work place is
provide with exhaust fan removing air contamination if any. For
spinning 28 c is to be maintained so there is less number of air
holes in the production area. In the administrative section,
there is adequate number of holes, fans, windows etc to be
provided ventilation
NOISE CONTROL
Noise means unwanted sound which cause
disturbance. In Cannanore spinning and weaving mill. In the
production department machines are generating noise during
the functioning. Noise control involves minimizing the
undesirable sound to reduce the material strain of workers and
this is done by doing weekly maintenance and lubrication of
machines. Even though it is impossible to reduce climate noise,
it could be reduced to a certain extent. The administrative
office is located in a separate building far away from the
production section so the noise never becomes a disturbance
for people working there.
Last 5 year production
33
Year of production Total production (kgs)
2013-2014 31.82
2012-2013 21.14
2011-2012 11.79
2010-2011 21.87
2009-2010 12.22
32%
22%12%
22%
12%
total production
2013-20142012-20132011-20122010-20112009-2010
Maintenance schedule of machine
Equipment is an important resource which is constantly used for
adding. Value to the product so it must be kept at the best operating
condition otherwise. There will be an excessive downtime and also
34
interruption of production if it is used in a mass production line. Poor
working equipment’s will lead quality related problems.
In Cannanore spinning and weaving mills maintenance of plant
are carryout to ensure quality to the product as well as to increase to
efficiency of an organisation. There are different kinds of
maintenance used in deferent organization like planned maintenance
corrective machines etc. In Cannanore spinning and weaving mills,
planned maintenance is carryout for the machines. This means
register inspection maintenance are carryout on planed basis that is
maintenance activities are carryout according to the predetermined
schedule.
The main advantage enjoyed by the Cannanore spinning and
weaving mill to carryout planned maintenance is it aims to reduce
machine stoppage due to sudden break down and necessitating
emergency maintenance and it also help to reduce the machine or
equipment down time. Reduce the cost of maintenance and it helps to
increase productivity mill.
35
36
HUMAN RESOURCES DEPARTMENT
The term human resource may be defined as the total knowledge,
skill, creative, abilities, talents and aptitude of organization work
force as well as the value attitude approach and believes and
individual invited at the affair of the organization. In order to manage
the human resource in an organization human resources department
was formed. The need for human resource department of an
organization increased mainly because of the production of the
product or goods of an organization can be increased only with the
help of personnel of an organization. The HR department ensures
better effective personnel to carry out the activities in the
organization.
In Cannanore spinning and weaving mills human resources
related matters are carried out by H R department. Her head of
department is HR manager; main duty of HR manger is to receive
order and instruction GM, SRO, coimabatore.HR manager give
necessary order and instruction to the GM of Cannanore spinning and
weaving mill. The orders are related to the recruitment policy.
Sources of recruitment, training and welfare function provided by the
mills to its workers etc. are specified in order to the personnel
manager for the purpose implementation. In order to help or reduces
the burden of personnel manager, deputy personnel manager is
appointed in the Cannanore spinning and weaving mill. The deputy
personnel manager performs the role of personnel manager in the
37
absence of him deputy personnel manager provide necessary
instructions labour officer in order to implement the order given by
the SRO. Main duty of welfare officer is to perform as welfare to the
employee. He provides lot of welfare facilities to the worker in
Cannanore spinning and weaving Mills.
HUMAN RESOURCES DEPARTMENT CANNANORE SPINNING
AND WEAVING MILLS
HIERARCHY
38
Labour welfare officer
Time keeping
Senior assistant
Junior assistant
Human Resource Management: Defined
Human Resource Management has come to be recognized as an inherent part of
management, which is concerned with the human resources of an organization. Its
objective is the maintenance of better human relations in the organization by the
development, application and evaluation of policies, procedures and programs relating to
human resources to optimize their contribution towards the realization of organizational
objectives.
In other words, HRM is concerned with getting better results with the collaboration of
people. It is an integral but distinctive part of management, concerned with people at
work and their relationships within the enterprise. HRM helps in attaining maximum
individual development, desirable working relationship between employees and
employers, employees and employees, and effective modeling of human resources as
contrasted with physical resources. It is the recruitment, selection, development,
utilization, compensation and motivation of human resources by the organization.
Human Resource Management: Evolution
The early part of the century saw a concern for improved efficiency through careful
design of work. During the middle part of the century emphasis shifted to the employee’s
productivity. Recent decades have focused on increased concern for the quality of
working life, total quality management and worker’s participation in management. These
three phases may be termed as welfare, development and empowerment.
39
Human Resource Management: Nature
Human Resource Management is a process of bringing people and organizations together
so that the goals of each are met. The various features of HRM include:
• It is pervasive in nature as it is present in all enterprises.
• Its focus is on results rather than on rules.
• It tries to help employees develop their potential fully.
• It encourages employees to give their best to the organization.
• It is all about people at work, both as individuals and groups.
• It tries to put people on assigned jobs in order to produce good results.
• It helps an organization meet its goals in the future by providing for competent and
well-motivated employees.
• It tries to build and maintain cordial relations between people working at various levels
in the organization.
• It is a multidisciplinary activity, utilizing knowledge and inputs drawn from
psychology, economics, etc.
Human Resource Management: Scope
The scope of HRM is very wide:
1. Personnel aspect-This is concerned with manpower planning, recruitment, selection,
placement, transfer, promotion, training and development, layoff and retrenchment,
remuneration, incentives, productivity etc.
2. Welfare aspect-It deals with working conditions and amenities such as canteens,
crèches, rest and lunch rooms, housing, transport, medical assistance, education, health
and safety, recreation facilities, etc.
3. Industrial relations aspect-This covers union-management relations, joint consultation,
40
collective bargaining, grievance and disciplinary procedures, settlement of disputes, etc.
Human Resource Management: Objectives
• To help the organization reach its goals.
• To ensure effective utilization and maximum development of human resources.
• To ensure respect for human beings. To identify and satisfy the needs of individuals.
• To ensure reconciliation of individual goals with those of the organization.
• To achieve and maintain high morale among employees.
• To provide the organization with well-trained and well-motivated employees.
• To increase to the fullest the employee’s job satisfaction and self-actualization.
• To develop and maintain a quality of work life.
• To be ethically and socially responsive to the needs of society.
• To develop overall personality of each employee in its multidimensional aspect.
• To enhance employee’s capabilities to perform the present job.
• To equip the employees with precision and clarity in trans¬action of business.
• To inculcate the sense of team spirit, team work and inter-team collaboration.
Human Resource Activities
In order to achieve the above objectives, Human Resource Management undertakes the
following activities:
1. Human resource or manpower planning.
2. Recruitment, selection and placement of personnel.
3. Training and development of employees.
4. Appraisal of performance of employees.
5. Taking corrective steps such as transfer from one job to another.
6. Remuneration of employees.
7. Social security and welfare of employees.
8. Setting general and specific management policy for organizational relationship.
41
9. Collective bargaining, contract negotiation and grievance handling.
10. Staffing the organization.
11. Aiding in the self-development of employees at all levels.
12. Developing and maintaining motivation for workers by providing incentives.
13. Reviewing and auditing manpower management in the organization
14. Potential Appraisal. Feedback Counseling.
15. Role Analysis for job occupants.
16. Job Rotation.
17. Quality Circle, Organization development and Quality of Working Life.
Human Resource Management: Major Influencing Factors
In the 21st century HRM will be influenced by following factors, which will work as
various issues affecting its strategy:
• Size of the workforce.
• Rising employees’ expectations
• Drastic changes in the technology as well as Life-style changes.
• Composition of workforce. New skills required.
• Environmental challenges.
• Lean and mean organizations.
• Downsizing and rightsizing of the organizations.
• Culture prevailing in the organization etc.
OBJECTIVE OF HUMAN RESOURCE DEPARTMENT
1. To create and utilize an able and motivated workforce, to accomplish the basic
organizational goals.
2. To establish and maintain sound organizational structure and desirable working
relationships among all the members of the organization.
42
3. To secure the integration of individual or groups within the organization by co-
ordination of the individual and group goals with those of the organization.
4. To create facilities and opportunities for individual or group development so as to
match it with the growth of the organization.
5. To attain an effective utilization of human resources in the achievement of
organizational goals.
6. To identify and satisfy individual and group needs by providing adequate and equitable
wages, incentives, employee benefits and social security and measures for challenging
work, prestige, recognition, security, status.
7. To maintain high employees morale and sound human relations by sustaining and
improving the various conditions and facilities.
8. To strengthen and appreciate the human assets continuously by providing training and
development programs.
9. To consider and contribute to the minimization of socio-economic evils such as
unemployment, under-employment, inequalities in the distribution of income and wealth
and to improve the welfare of the society by providing employment opportunities to
women and disadvantaged sections of the society.
10. To provide an opportunity for expression and voice management.
11. To provide fair, acceptable and efficient leadership.
12. To provide facilities and conditions of work and creation of favorable atmosphere for
maintaining stability of employment.
FUNCTIONS OF HUMAN RESOURCE DEPARTMENT
In Cannanore spinning and weaving mill personal manager is the
head of personnel department. He is a charge of the administration
43
discipline and other administrative functions. The important functions
of HR in Cannanore spinning and weaving mills are,
1. Retirement
One of the important functions of HR department is to
Cannanore spinning and weaving mill. Recruiting the persons
searching for prospective candidate and simulate them to apply
for the job in the mill. For this purpose both internal sources of
recruitment is followed by the company. Recruitment at factory
gate, employment exchange, advertisement etc. In the major
source of recruitment the internal source include promotion
and transfer. Transfer in Cannanore spinning and weaving mill
shifting of employee in one position to another without
changing the remuneration and status. Promotion means giving
higher position to an employee who carries higher status and
more responsibility. Promotion policy of Cannanore spinning
and weaving mill is based on seniority or ability of a person
2. Selection
Another important function of HR department is selecting
the right person from the available candidates or chooses right
type of candidates to fill the position of an organization.
Selection process will start when some applications are
received from the candidate in Cannanore spinning and
weaving mills. The HR department will clarify the file
applications and will screen out the applicant for initial
interview or employment test. There are different tests which
44
are conducted to select office staff, in case of factory workers
directly to give training to him
3. Placement
In Cannanore spinning and weaving mills placement of the
worker means placing them in an appropriate production
department, spinning department, winding department etc.
4. Training
In Cannanore spinning and weaving mill training given for
workers are induction training, apprenticeship training for
promotional type. In order to carry out the production
activities, on the job training methods also followed here
5. Compensation
Another important function of HR department is to
compensating the worker. Various allowances are provided by
the mill to its workers, it includes.
PF
ESI
Gratuity ,retirement benefits, pension
Leave with wages etc, is provided to the workers to
compensating the worker.
6. Better working condition
Motivating the worker is the main function performed
by the HR department
7. Absenteeism
In Cannanore spinning and weaving mill absenteeism of
worker create lots of problem. If any employee absents
regularly the personnel manager give notice to him. If the
reason for absent is not sufficient, the company dismiss the
45
worker. In the current situation 20% of employees are in the
absent trend.
INITIAL TRAINING PROGRAMMES
No Opinion No. Of
Respond
percentage
1 On- the -job 50 100
2 Off- the-job 0 0
3 Total 50 100
on -the- job of -the- job0
20
40
60
80
100
120
140
160
180
INTIAL TRANING PROGRAMMES
opinionno of respondpercentage
Axis Title
FOLLOWING ARE THE MAIN AREAS OF
ADMINISTARATION.
46
RECURTMENT, TRAINING, PROMOTION
Currently no recruitment is taking place in Cannanore spinning
and weaving mill. From time to time training is conducted apprentice
training is held as per the apprentice act. Clerical staff is decided by
the NTC. A promotion for the workers or staff is security merit.
PROVIDENT FUND CONTRIBUTION
All employees are covered under PF &ESI act, the employee
contribute 12 %( basic pay +DA) of their wages to EPF or salary with
12% contribution by employer. The employees are eligible for up
service with a calling of Rs 6500/ month.
Other pension is worked out as per the following formula
1/70*pensionable*pensionable service
ESI CONTRIBUTION
4.75% of employer’s contribution
1.75% of employee’s contribution
Medical benefit, accidental benefit, sick benefit, leave are provided if
necessary, funeral benefit are also provided if any one dies during the
period service.
GRATUTIY
Gratuity is calculated under the given formula
Per month salary *15 days
Last drawn basic + DA * number of years of experience *15/26
The previous ceiling limit of total amount of gratuity payable was
3.50lakhs and now it has exceeded to 10 lakhs
WAGES ADMINISTRATION
They are two types of wages followed in Cannanore spinning and
weaving mill according to the production stages. For mixing blow
47
room and carding wages are based on the basis of pieces rate system
for all other production process time rate system is obtained.
RETEREMENT BENIFITS
At the time of retirement all these benefits are provided.
Gratuity
Provident fund
Pension(PF)
Leave with wages if any
TIME SHEDULE
There are around 509 workers and 22 administration staff. Time
schedule in Cannanore spinning and weaving mill for workers in 3
shifts are,
6.45 am to 2.30 pm - 1st shift
2.30 pm to 10.30 pm - 2nd shift
10.30 pm to 6.45am - 3rd shift
Opinion about canteen facility
No Opinion No .of
respond
Percentage
1 Good 50 100
2 Average 0 0
3 Poor 0 0
4 Total 50 100
48
OPINION ABOUT CANTEEN FACILITY
good average poor0
10
20
30
40
50
60
70
80
90
100
opinon no . Of respondpercentage
Interpretation
Above table shows that 100% of the employees are satisfied with the
canteen Facility .The company may provide good and healthy food to
employees
49
OPINION ABOUT SALARY AND ALLOWANCE
No. Opinion No. Of
respond
Percentage
1 Highly
satisfied
0 0
2 Satisfied 23 46
3 Naturally 27 54
4 Not satisfied 0 0
5 Total 50 100
50
HIGHLEY SATISFIEDSATISFIED
NATURALLYNOT SATISFIED
0
10
20
30
40
50
60
NO .OF RESPONDPERCENTAGE
Permanent Employee Strength
OFFICE 6
SUPERVISION 4
STAFF 12
PERMANENT WORKERS 263
OTHER 246
Relationship between trade union and Cannanore
spinning and weaving mill
In order to carry out the personnel activities a separate
department functioned in Cannanore spinning and weaving mill that
is, personnel department dealing with wages of employee is not for or
if any bargaining between the workers and the management need of
51
trade union is essential. Trade union is an organization of employees
formed on a continuous basis for the purpose of securing benefit.
There are different type of trade union organization which play a vital
role to attain the right of employee in the organization important
trade unions, which have members in Cannanore spinning and
weaving mill are INTUC (Indian national Trade union congress),
CITU(centre of Indian trade union),BMS ( Barathiya Mazda sangh)
and NLO (national labour organisation). The main objective of this
union is to steady employment. Nationalization of personnel policies
act as a voice in decision effecting workers, ensure reorganization and
participation of worker in any task carried out by the management.
SOWT ANALYSIS
Strength
Company contains a large number of efficient employee
Friendly atmosphere exist in the organization
This company has highly trained employees.
There is a good factory and highly sophisticated machineries
Weaknesses
Cannanore spinning and weaving Mill is not giving chance for the younger people
The administration desk is not fully computerized
Employees are not appreciating in time
Conflict between the trade unions occurs as there are more than two unions
Opportunities
Textile industry have a very good future in the world market
The market demand for the yarn is increasing day by day.
The growth rate will high in the coming years in the case of spinning mills.
The global textile is gradually shifting from china to other lowest destination
Weaknesses
The administration desk is not fully computerized
52
Employees are not appreciating in time
Conflict between the trade unions occurs as there are more than two unions
FINDINGS
PRODUCTION DEPARTMENT
Safety measures are adequate, but there is a need to improvement in
arraigning safety measures.
They did not waste any type of material; the waste are sold to the person
who needs it.
Quality products and with adequate standards.
Less efficient employees are working in Cannanore spinning and weaving
mill.
HUMAN RESOURCE DEPARTMENT
Most of employees are satisfied with the present working conditions.
Waste disposal system and leave facility provided to them
Management provides good canteen facility at a cheaper rate, meals at I
and others at 20 paisa.
Employees in the Cannanore spinning and weaving mills are well
informed with all type of changes in the company
Most of employees are having good opinion about the welfare programs of
the company
Some employees are not satisfied with their present compensation.
Trade union plays a vital role which will affect the good employee
employer relationship
The company provides almost all welfare facilities to employees. But this
does not increase the productivity and profit
Most employees are satisfied in training amenities provided to them.
53
Employee welfare facilities and productivity are associated. If the welfare
facility is favorable, the productivity of the firm is same only.
Less workload to employees
High employee turnover is there
SUGGESTION
Marketing function should be given to the firm itself.
Firm can give more awareness to the public about its product by
conducting exhibition and other programs.
Official website need to make more attract full and should be added more
advanced information about the product.
Offers should be made in an influencing manner, so that the consumers
would be attracted towards the products.
Promotion tools should be improved like the advertisement on internet and
E-mail marketing etc.
Political influence should be minimized.
A study should be conducted to measure the overall performance of the
organization and which help to understand the strength and weakness of
the company.
Firms can also concentrate on promotional tools like personal selling.
Telemarketing etc. it may help to give better result in business.
The firm should take necessary steps to avoid back tracking and re-
handling of materials.
54
Organization should maintain good relation with costumers and public.
Which will increase the reputation of the firm
The firm should maintain a good research and development departments to
understand the market trend, popular designs. Costing etc.
If the workers turnover is reduced, it will result in good productivity.
The firm should reduce the lead time that will help to achieve customer’s
credibility.
In order to improve the employee’s standard of living the management
should implement competent remuneration structure
The firm should give more incentives. Bonus, festival allowances etc. to
the workers. It motivates the workers to work more. It also reduces
absenteeism and labor turn over.
Company should organize family get together or tour program once in a
year to develop an informal relationship between employees and
management in the organization
The firm imparts more training programs to employees. Training should
increase the efficiency and productivity of labor force. Proper training
helps to develop positive attitude among employees. job satisfaction can
be achieved and it increases the morale of the employee.
55
CONCLUSION
The study has been conducted on overall performance of Cannanore spinnining weaving
mill. The study has helped to gain more knowledge about textile industry the main
objective of the company is to carry on the jobs for 100s of employees and producing
Yarn. With the regularization of multi fiber agreement and the boom in the retail market,
the textile industry has a great potential growth. However, in order to ensure a sustainable
growth. jobs in the future, it is essential to use innovation in the process and to produce
new products. If proper functions are applied there is a chance of growth of company in
rapid manner. As it is a government company, it takes long time to create some change in
the company. it is also essential to invest in new productive assets to streamline
operations and to intensify their innovation activities. The Cannanore spinning and
weaving mill too have been allocating funds that would assist in bringing about such
changes.
At present the company going to start producing cotton yarn. New building has
been built and new machinery has purchased, for the production of yarn. The Cannanore
spinning and weaving mill is producing super high twist yarn which is of high demand in
the current market. They consider the human element as the important input management
has given preference to human ability rather than any other factor of production. Like
machine, material. Capital etc .The workers are considered as the wealth of the company.
Now day’s companies are offering soft benefits to attract and retain competent
56
employees. If the welfare activities are not attractive. The existing employees will leave
the organization and joint other concern. If the employee is not satisfied, he will not work
properly. It will effect the growth and reputation of the organization. The sales report of
the firm using international branded companies machineries and expert workers work
under the strict super vision of quality section can create the perfected finished yarns and
it results in the customer satisfaction. The success of Cannanore spinning and weaving
mill largely depends up on the performance of the employees.
ANNEXURES
Questionnaire
In which year Cannanore spinning and weaving mill was started?
Who is the current general manager
What are the general information regarding the company
What are the organizational structures to be followed by NTC?
What is the present position of the mill
What is the profile regarding a product?
What is the mission ,vision ,objectives of the company
What are the sources of requirement either internal or external?
What are the time schedule of the company
How can fix the compensation, allowances and other benefits?
What do you meant by absenteeism according to NTC?
Is there is any controversy regarding Cannanore spinning and weaving
Mill and trade unions?
Is there any credit help by the company?
Which accounting system followed by NTC?
Who are the buyers in the spinning mill?
What type of product produced in the spinning mill?
What type of machineries is used in the mill?
57
How can find out plant location of the mill?
How can measure the quality of a product?
What are the statistical quality control to be followed?
BIBLIOGRAPHY
WEBSITES
www.google.com
www.yahoo.com
www.ask.com
OTHERS
Official document
Direct personal interviews with official & workers
58
top related