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6-2 2007 3 Asian and African Area Studies, 6 (2): 522-539, 2007
522
* Research Fellow of the Japan Society for the Promotion of Science
2006 7 31 , 2006 11 7
*
Pottery Making by Ari Women Artisans as Their Livelihood:
Towards the Comparison of Pottery Makings in Southwestern Ethiopia
Kaneko Morie*
This paper examines the characteristics of Ari women artisans who make pottery in Southwestern Ethiopia, focusing on how they use local materials to make pots and how they ensure their livelihood by communicating with users who discriminate against artisans who produce pots.
Analyzing the production by four potters in both the rainy and dry seasons, I found that their pots always sold out in the local market, even when the number produced varied because of the weather conditions. In interviews with users and makers, aimed at evaluating pottery making, users rated durable pots positively. They reported that some pots do not last long, even those recommended by their friends. Users tend to form a special relationship, known as jaala, with potters who make durable pots especially for specifi c users. Potters tend to develop and change their unique pottery-making styles by altering their hand and fi nger movement patterns, in order to produce durable pots that satisfy their customers.
These fi ndings show that Ari pottery making not only has a technological element but also involves cultural and social processes, and that these factors determine how Ari potters select the raw materials to make durable pots that will satisfy their clients. I regard their hand and fi nger movement patterns as useful units to analyze each potter’s learning patterns and process of creating new techniques and to compare with potter’s technological variations among the several ethnic groups of Southwestern Ethiopia.
は じ め に
523
1.目的と方法
1.1 先行研究
2
Herbert 1993; Freeman and Pankhurst 2001
1974, 1987a, 1987b, 1987c, 1990, 1992; Gosselain 1999, 2000; Livingstone
2000
19
Pankhurst 2001: 5-6
Freeman and
Pankhurst 2001
Behailu and Data 2001: 122
1) Gosselain
1999 2000 102
6-2
524
1.2 目的と方法
4 節 2 節
3 節
1998 11 2002 3 1
4 8
60
1) 2
Ingold 1997: 106-107
Wendell 1976
Boas 1982: 267 1920
30 40
1976
525
2.調査地概要
2.1 農耕活動と土器の利用
700
1 10 20 2)
1,000 3,000
dizi 1,600 dawla
1,600 3)
1 haashin 10 3 bergi
4 9 10 30
1999 1,600 M S
1,400 1,000
1988
2
2) 1991 11 Gebre 1995 2006
1.5 2
3) 1988: 199 1,600
図 1 調査地域
6-2
526
tika haami4)
wony haami
2 1
60
50 1 tila 5) 2
aksh 3 disti 4 jebena 1 4 6) 130 12
2004
16 7)
4) Ensete ventricosum
1,500 3,000
4 1
1988
Brandt et al. 1997
5) tila til
6) 10 4
7) bun-til bun tila
1
2 til
表 1 アリの世帯で所有されている主な土器の形態
tila
aksh
disti
jebena
527
2.2 土器をつくる人びとと土器づくり
kantsa mana 2
8)
350
mishikan
1
1 10 timad 8 10 1 ha Gebre 1995: 449) 2 11 Gebre 1995
2 1 2 1
12
1
1 2
8) 1970 1975,
1979 1960
2004
9) 1974
6-2
528
1 2
4 2
6
15
表 2 職人の夫が耕作する畑面積と家畜数
* 100 kg 13
G
I. S. 60 3 2 1
A. A. 50 10 3 3
3
1 4
B. G. 60 8 n.d.
50
200
D. G. 20 3
S
A. M. 30 1 1
1
A. I. 60 10 3 4 2
D. S. 30 4 3 4
A. B. 30 1 1 1
1
2
* timad 10 a Gebre 1995: 44 8 10 1 ha
2001 3 6
529
2.3 地域内で流通するアリの土器
60 1 12
2 1996 1,800
20
2001 2002 4 15
10 33 8 21 3
4 5,000 15 3 6,000 9
6,000 8 1,000 24 6,000
10 1 4 10
1 2.5 1 12
12 30
図 2 形の変化に着目した土器(tila)の成形段階
6-2
530
1 3
4 30
3.世帯の家計を担う土器づくり
3.1 定期市における土器の販売収入と支出
2006 3 1,600
10
2004
M
1 3
1998 11 2001 1 M
1
8
3
表 3 4 人の職人による土器生産個数
5 10 5 24 12 21 1 4
D. G. 20 21 33
M. D. 60 8 21
I. S. 50 8 10
A. A. 40 12 18
2001
531
S A. M. M 2 1
4
図 4 職人 A. M. の製作した土器の種類と個数
図 3 M 定期市に土器をもってきた職人数および定期市で販売されていた土器の個数1998 11 23 2002 1 24 58 12:00
13:30 S M 1 B GA M 3
6-2
532
2005b:
207-218 I. S.
A. M. 12
4 17 22 300 1 13
7
2 6
5 2 1 10)
50 1
30 400 11)
4
10) 1
11) 10 10
表 4 4 名の職人が 10 日間に成形した土器個数
D. G. 10 9 6 0 0 15 27
M. D. 60 2 3 2 2 9 21
I. S. 50 2 2 3 0 7 21
A. A. 40 0 0 7 1 8 24
A. A. 2 3 7 M. D.
A. A. 3 D. G. 1.5
2 1 13 2001 6 9 18
533
3.2 土器をやりとりする
200
20
3 5
12)
aani kot
wanna 13)
A. M.
12 4 A. M.
3 A. M.
A. M.
1.5 A. M. A. M.
2.5
3 A. M.
1
12)
13) 7 2005b: 161
6-2
534
A. M. 1 A. M.
1 メートル A. M.
A. M.
A. M. 2.5 50
2001 12 4 M
14)
jaala 15)
3.3 土器づくりの独自性
aani kot gara
14) K 2001 1 16 19
15)
Gebre 1995
535
2005a
2001 D. G. B
G
2 B
G
D. G.
3 4
D. G.
D. G.
G 2 16)
D. G. 60 17)
2005b
16) 1 toninda G
2 kinna
17) 1 2 2
1 2
2005b
6-2
536
D. G. B
G D. G.
20
4.考 察
4.1 生業としての土器づくりの特徴
1
1
A B
D. G.
537
4.2 生業としての土器づくりの地域間比較へむけて
Gosselain 2000: 205-206
18)
6-2
538
謝 辞
2005
1 5 8
10 08041059 1999
21 COE
引 用 文 献
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Ababa University, pp. 108-136.
Boas, Franz. 1982 (1940). Race, Language, and Culture. Chicago:University of Chicago Press.
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18) Wolaitta
Gamo Gofa Maale Basketo Malo
Freeman and
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539
67: 1-18.
2005b
1975 1:
148-172.
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869-889.
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Southern Ethiopia. Addis Ababa: Addis Ababa University, pp. 1-22.
1988
19 (1): 191-281.
2004
197-206.
1996 7: 59-82.
2004
1976
3 (2): 280-336.
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