irri's activities on greenhouse gas mitigation in rice
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From Research to Implementation: IRRI's Activities on GHG Mitigation in Rice Cultivation
Björn Ole SanderInternational Rice Research Institute
Flooded field is left to dry out
When water level drops to a threshold (15cm below soil surface), the field is
irrigated again
Perforated tube for
observing water level in
the soil
AWD saves up to 30% of irrigation water
Mitigation potential of AWD -results from farmers’ fields
0
2
4
6
8
10
CF AWD
t CO
2-eq
/ha*
seas
on
Bulacan 1
5.3
1.8
-66%
0
2
4
6
8
10
CF AWDt C
O2-
eq/h
a*se
ason Bulacan 2
7.8
1.8
-77%
0
2
46
8
10
CF AWD
t CO
2-eq
/ha*
seas
on Tarlac
-70%3.7
1.1
0
2
4
6
8
10
CF AWD
t CO
2-eq
/ha*
seas
on Nueva Ecija-65%
8.6
3.0
Sander et al., in preparation
Global average mitigation potential of AWD: 48% (IPCC, 2006)
Mitigation potential of AWD -results from central Vietnam
02468
101214161820
CF AWD CF AWD CF AWD
GWP kg CO2 eq. ha-1
b) HM: Dai Quang
SA 2011 WS 2012 SA 2012
02468
101214161820
CF AWD CF AWD "CF"AWD
N2OCH4
GWP kg CO2 eq. ha-1
a) DL: Nam Phuoc
SA 2011 WS2012 SA2012
Tirol-Padre et al., 2017, doi: 10.1007/978-981-10-2624-9
Developed EFs for two rice growing environments in central Vietnam: 4.1 kg/ha/d (delta lowland)2.0 kg/ha/d (hilly midland)
Scaling FactorAWD = 0.71
Emission Hotspots in Vietnam
• Using landscape-DNDC ( KIT)to identify emission hotspots
• Target mitigation actions
• Use as tool to improve national inventory ( training)
Supporting scale-out of AWD -Climate and Clean Air Coalition (CCAC)
Online information platform: GHGmitigation.irri.org
Goal :Support of national plans and development programs with evidence-based information and strategies to reduce CH4emission from rice
Stakeholder influence mapping - NetMapParticipatory approach to identify key influencer in complex stakeholder networks Development of engagement strategies, information campaigns Input for Agent-based modeling
Question: Who influences the adoption of AWD?
Collaboration with Inst. for Policy and Strategy of MARD
Climatic AWD suitability maps, MRD• Based on PhenoRice, precipitation, soil texture, salinity risk
(biophysical factors only, methodology: Nelson et al., 2015)
• Target AWD dissemination activities
• Current improvement: Including flood risk data
Jan-Apr. harvest May-Aug. harvest Sept.-Dec. harvest
Next envisaged steps towards large scale adoption
• Identify most suitable 500k ha for AWD
• Identify high priority provinces, develop plans w/ provincial governments
• Engage more strongly w/ private sector, integrate low-emissions rice production in contract farming ( Sustainable Rice Platform)
Other mitigation options in rice production (AWD+)
• Mid-season drainage• Fertilizer deep placement• Coated urea• Short-duration varieties• Low-emissions straw management• Site-specific nutrient management• Biochar• Laser land leveling• Solar bubble dryer• …
Emissions from straw burningEm
issi
on ra
te (m
g CH
4kg
-130
sec-1
) Emission rate (m
g N2 O
kg-130sec -1)
Time (min)
a
aa
a
b
c
• Not much info on GHG from burning• Baseline data for full assessment• Measured in flow-through equipment • CH4 dependent on moisture content
GHG emissions of straw mngmt options
• Field experiments comparing emissions from incorporation of straw vs. burning of straw
• Lower GHG emissions from burning BUT burning leads to toxic air pollution
a) Straw incorporation b) Straw burning
High GHGemissions
Toxic airpollution
Romasanta et al., 2017, AgEE
Straw removal• Straw removal reduces GHG emissions compared to
incorporation
• Straw can be used/ sold as by-product
• Partial straw removal can be intermediate solution: 1) retain soil health 2) reduce GHG3) create profit
Straw removal BurningIncorp.
Thank you very much!
More informationClimateChange.irri.orgGHGmitigation.irri.orgB.Sander@irri.org
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