irda
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• IrDA
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The Onion News Network - International airdates
1 * : Program premiered The Comedy Channel (Australia)|The Comedy
Channel in October 2011. It also airs on ABC2.
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The Onion News Network - International airdates
1 * : Airs on Super Channel (Canada)|Super Channel. Confusingly, the front page of the Canadian edition of The Onion carries the same promotional
banner as the U.S. editions, incorrectly implying that ONN is
carried by IFC (Canada)|IFC Canada.
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IrDA
1 The main reason for using IrDA had been wireless data transfer over the
“last one meter” using point and shoot principles
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IrDA - IrPHY
1 The mandatory 'IrPHY' ('Infrared Physical Layer Specification') is the
physical layer of the IrDA specifications. It comprises optical
link definitions, modulation, coding, cyclic redundancy check (CRC) and the framer. Different data rates use
different modulation/coding schemes:
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IrDA - IrPHY
1 * SIR: 9.6-115.2 kbit/s, asynchronous, RZI,
UART-like, 3/16 pulse
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IrDA - IrPHY
1 * 5/10GigaIR: seems to be a new IrPHY coming
soon[http://irda.org/displaycommon.cfm?an=1subarticlenbr=186] 2011-12-15, IrDA Creates a New Working
Group to Accomplish 5 and 10 Gigabit Optical Wireless
Communications
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IrDA - IrPHY
1 * Range: standard: 1m; low power to low power: 0.2m; standard to low power: 0.3m, The 10 GigaIR also define new usage models that
supports higher link distances up to several meters.
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IrDA - IrPHY
1 * Angle: minimum cone ±15°
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IrDA - IrPHY
1 * Modulation: baseband, no carrier
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IrDA - IrPHY
1 The frame size depends on the data rate mostly and varies between 64 Byte and 64
kByte. Additionally bigger blocks of data can be transferred by sending multiple
frames consecutively. This can be adjusted with a parameter called Window Size (1-
127). Finally data blocks up to 8 MByte can be sent at once. Combined with a low bit
error rate of generally 10E-9, that communication could be very efficient compared to other wireless solutions.
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IrDA - IrPHY
1 IrDA data communications operate in half-duplex mode because while
transmitting, a device’s receiver is blinded by the light of its own
transmitter, and thus, full-duplex communication is not feasible
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IrDA - IrLAP
1 * Discovery of potential communication partners
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IrDA - IrLAP
1 * Distribution of the Primary/Secondary
device roles
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IrDA - IrLAP
1 On the IrLAP layer the communicating devices are divided
into a Primary Device and one or more Secondary Devices. The Primary Device controls the
Secondary Devices. Only if the Primary Device requests a Secondary Device to send is it allowed to do so.
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IrDA - IrLMP
1 First, the LM-MUX (Link Management Multiplexer) which lies on top of the
IrLAP layer. Its most important achievements are:
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IrDA - IrLMP
1 * Provides multiple logical channels
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IrDA - IrCOMM
1 The optional 'IrCOMM' ('Infrared Communications Protocol') lets the
infrared device act like either a serial port|serial or parallel port. It lies on
top of the IrLMP layer.
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IrDA - IrLAN
1 As IrLAN lies on top of the Tiny TP protocol, the Tiny TP protocol must be implemented for IrLAN to work.
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IrDA - IrSimple
1 'IrSimple' achieves at least 4 to 10 times faster data transmission
speeds by improving the efficiency of the infrared IrDA protocol. A 500 KB normal picture from a cell phone can be transferred within 1 second.[http://irdajp.info/irsimple.html] IrDA IrSimple Specifications (Infrared Data
Association - irda.org)
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IrDA - IrSimpleShot
1 One of the primary targets of 'IrSimpleShot (IrSS)' is to allow the
millions of IrDA-enabled camera phones to wirelessly transfer pictures
to printers, printer kiosks and flat panel TVs.
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IrDA - Reception
1 IrDA was popular on PDAs, laptops and some desktops during the late 90s through
the early 2000s. However, it has been displaced by other wireless technologies
such as WiFi and Bluetooth, favored because they don't need a direct line of
sight, and can therefore support hardware such as mice and keyboards. It is still used in some environments where interference makes radio-based wireless technologies
unusable.https://store.theartofservice.com/itil-2011-foundation-complete-certification-kit-fourth-edition-study-guide-ebook-and-online-course.html
IrDA - Reception
1 IrDA popularity is making a comeback with its highly efficient
IrSimple protocols by providing sub 1 second transfers of pictures between
cell phones, printers, and display devices. IrDA hardware is still less expensive and doesn't share the
same security problems encountered with wireless technologies such as
Bluetooth.https://store.theartofservice.com/itil-2011-foundation-complete-certification-kit-fourth-edition-study-guide-ebook-and-online-course.html
IrDA - Reception
1 In addition, some Pentax DSLRs (K-x, K-r) use IrSimple for image transfer
and gaming.[http://www.pentaximaging.c
om/about-us.aspx?p=presspid=PENTAXANNOUNCESK-
rDIGITALSLRANDNEW35MMLENS20100908174223] Pentax K-r
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Alexandre Skirda
1 His writing is in French language|French.Alexandre Skirda (translation
by Paul Sharkey), [http://books.google.com/books?
id=pMji9s9WOlwClpg=PP1pg=PP1#v=onepageq=f=false Nestor Makhno : Anarchy's Cossack: The Struggle for
Free Soviets in the Ukraine] back cover, AK Press, 2004 (ISBN
9781902593685)https://store.theartofservice.com/itil-2011-foundation-complete-certification-kit-fourth-edition-study-guide-ebook-and-online-course.html
Alexandre Skirda - Books in French
1 * Alexandre Skirda, Kronstadt 1921 : prolétariat contre bolchévisme, Tête de feuille, Paris, 1971, 271 p. (ISBN
2-84621-002-0)
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Alexandre Skirda - Books in French
1 * Alexandre Skirda, Les Anarchistes dans la Révolution russe, Tête de feuilles, Paris, 1973,
186 p.
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Alexandre Skirda - Books in French
1 * Alexandre Skirda, Autonomie individuelle et force collective : les
anarchistes et l’organisation de Proudhon à nos jours, Publico, Skirda,
Spartacus, 1987, 365 p. (ISBN 2-9502130-0-6)
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Alexandre Skirda - Books in French
1 * Alexandre Skirda, Nestor Makhno : le cosaque libertaire, 1888–1934 ; La Guerre civile en Ukraine, 1917–1921,
Éd. de Paris, Paris, 1999, 491 p. (ISBN 2-905291-87-7)
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Alexandre Skirda - Books in French
1 * Alexandre Skirda, Les Anarchistes russes, les soviets et la révolution de 1917, Éd. de Paris, Paris, 2000, 348
p. (ISBN 2-84621-002-0)
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Alexandre Skirda - Translations in English
1 * Alexandre Skirda (translation by Paul Sharkey),
[http://books.google.com/books?id=nznVNAW0lbAClpg=PP1ots=rNZF-
GdrsTdq=facing%20the%20enemy%20skirdapg=PP1#v=onepageq=f=false Facing the enemy : a history of
anarchist organization from Proudhon to May 1968], AK Press, 1er janvier
2002, 292 p. (ISBN 9781902593197)https://store.theartofservice.com/itil-2011-foundation-complete-certification-kit-fourth-edition-study-guide-ebook-and-online-course.html
Alexandre Skirda - Translations in English
1 * Alexandre Skirda (translation by Paul Sharkey),
[http://books.google.com/books?id=pMji9s9WOlwClpg=PP1pg=PP1#v=onepageq=f=false Nestor Makhno : Anarchy's Cossack: The Struggle for
Free Soviets in the Ukraine], AK Press, 2004, 415 p. (ISBN
9781902593685)
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History of Lithuania - Algirdas and Kęstutis
1 Algirdas fought the Golden Horde Tatars and the Principality of Moscow,
Kęstutis took upon himself the demanding struggle with the
Teutonic Order.
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History of Lithuania - Algirdas and Kęstutis
1 Secured by those alliances, Algirdas and Kęstutis embarked on the
policies of Lithuania's great power and further expansion.
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History of Lithuania - Algirdas and Kęstutis
1 In 1368, 1370 and 1372 Algirdas invaded Muscovy and each time approached Moscow
itself
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History of Lithuania - Algirdas and Kęstutis
1 The two brothers and other Gediminas' offspring left many
ambitious and endowed sons. Their rivalry weakened the country facing
the Teutonic expansion and the newly assertive Grand Duchy of
Moscow, buoyed by the 1380 Battle of Kulikovo victory over the Golden
Horde and intent on unification of all Rus' lands under its rule.
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Algirdas Klimaitis
1 'Algirdas Jonas Klimaitis' (1923 in Kaunas
[http://books.google.com/books?num=100id=A4S0AAAAIAAJq=algirdas+klimaitis+pgis=1 Iš naujausios Lietuvos istorijos By D. Kuodytė,
Lietuvos Politinių kalinių ir tremtinių sąjunga] – 1988 in Germany) was a
Lithuanians|Lithuanian para-military commander.
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Algirdas Klimaitis
1 When the Nazi Germany|Nazi Germans entered Lithuania, in 1941, at the start of Operation Barbarossa, he formed a military unit of roughly
600 members, which was not subordinate to the Lithuanian Activist Front or the Provisional Government
of Lithuania,[http://www.genocid.lt/Leidyba/13/bubnys.htm Arūnas Bubnys
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Algirdas Klimaitis
1 On the night of 25–26 June, a pogrom led by Klimaitis unit was instigated by Sicherheitspolizei|Nazi Security
Police (Sipo) and SD (Sicherheitsdienst or Security
Service, the intelligence arm of the Nazi Party), under SS Brigadeführer
Franz Walter Stahlecker
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Algirdas Klimaitis
1 After the war, Algirdas Klimaitis, moved to Hamburg, Germany, where
he died in 1988. [http://www.xxiamzius.lt/numeriai/20
07/12/05/poz_01.html Vestuvių generolai ir Lietuvos saugumas]
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Firdausi
1 'Hakim Abu ʾl-Qasim Ferdowsi Tusi' (940–1020 CE), highly revered
Persian people|Persian poet and the author of the epic of Shahnameh - the Persian Book of Kings - which is
the world's longest epic poetry created by a single poet, and the
national epic of Iran and the Persian language|Persian speaking Greater
Iran|worldhttps://store.theartofservice.com/itil-2011-foundation-complete-certification-kit-fourth-edition-study-guide-ebook-and-online-course.html
Firdausi - Name
1 Except for his Kunya (Arabic)|kunya and his laqab (Abu'l-Qāsim - ابوالقاسم)
Ferdowsī, meaning - فردوسی)Paradise|paradisic in Arabic), nothing is known with any certainty about his full name. From an early period on, he has been referred to by different
additional names and titles, the most common one being / Ḥakīm
(philosopher).https://store.theartofservice.com/itil-2011-foundation-complete-certification-kit-fourth-edition-study-guide-ebook-and-online-course.html
Firdausi - Name
1 Due to the non-standardized transliteration from Persian alphabet|Persian into English language|English, different spellings of his name are used in English works, including Firdawsi, Firdusi, Firdosi, Firdausi, etc.The Encyclopaedia of Islam uses the spelling
Firdawsī, based on the standardized transliteration method of the Deutsche Morgenländische Gesellschaft|German Oriental Society.Huart/Massé/Ménage:
Firdawsīhttps://store.theartofservice.com/itil-2011-foundation-complete-certification-kit-fourth-edition-study-guide-ebook-and-online-course.html
Firdausi - Name
1 The modern Tajik language|Tajik transliteration of his name in Cyrillic
script is Ҳаким Абулқосим Фирдавсӣ Тӯсӣ.
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Firdausi - Family
1 Ferdowsi was born into a family of Iranian landowners (dehqans) in 940 C.E
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Firdausi - Family
1 Ferdowsī was a Shi'ite Muslim, which is apparent from the Shahnameh
itself(ed. Khaleghi, I, pp.1o-11) and confirmed by early accounts.(Neẓāmī
ʿArūżī, text, pp.80, 83; Naṣīr-al-Dīn Qazvīnī, pp.251–52) In recent times, however, some have cast doubt on
his religion and his Shi'ism, and have suggested that he was a deist.
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Firdausi - Background
1 Ferdowsi belonged to the class of dehqans
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Firdausi - Background
1 The Muslim conquests of the seventh century had been a watershed in Iranian history, bringing the new
religion of Islam, submitting Iranians to the rule of the Arab caliphate and
promoting Arabic culture and language at the expense of Persian
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Firdausi - Background
1 Details about Ferdowsi's education are lacking. Judging by the
Shahnameh, there is no evidence he knew either Arabic or Pahlavi.
[http://www.iranicaonline.org/articles/ferdowsi-i Iranica article on Ferdowsi:
sub-section on Education]
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Firdausi - Background
1 Although New Persian was permeated by Arabic vocabulary by Ferdowsi's time, there are relatively
few Arabic loan words in the Shahnameh. This may have been a deliberate strategy by the poet.Frye
p.233
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Firdausi - Life as a poet
1 It is possible that Ferdowsi wrote some early poems which
have not survived
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Firdausi - Tomb
1 Ferdowsi was buried in his own garden, burial in the cemetery of Tus having been forbidden by a local cleric. A Ghaznavid
governor of Khorasan constructed a mausoleum over the grave and it became a revered site. The Tomb of Ferdowsi|tomb, which had fallen into decay, was rebuilt
between 1928 and 1934 by Society for the National Heritage of Iran on the orders of
Reza Shah and has now become the equivalent of a national shrine.
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Firdausi - Legend
1 According to legend, Sultan Mahmud of Ghazni offered Ferdowsi a gold
piece for every couplet of the Shahnameh he wrote
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Firdausi - Works
1 Ferdowsi's Shahnameh is the most popular and influential national epic in Iran and other Persian-speaking
nations
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Firdausi - Influence
1 Ferdowsi is one of the undisputed giants of Persian literature. After Ferdowsi's
Shahnameh a number of other works similar in nature surfaced over the centuries
within the cultural sphere of the Persian language. Without exception, all such works
were based in style and method on Ferdowsi's Shahnameh, but none of them could quite achieve the same degree of
fame and popularity as Ferdowsi's masterpiece.
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Firdausi - Influence
1 Ferdowsi has a unique place in Persian history because of the strides
he made in reviving and regenerating the Persian language
and cultural traditions
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Firdausi - Influence
1 Ferdowsi in fact was a motivation behind many future
Persian figures
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Firdausi - Influence
1 Ferdowsi's influence in the Persian culture is explained by the Encyclopædia Britannica:
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Firdausi - Influence
1 :The Persians regard Ferdowsi as the greatest of their poets
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Paris Hilton's Dubai BFF - Legal issues delayed airdates
1 Legal issues delayed the airing of this series for over a year.
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Paris Hilton's Dubai BFF - Legal issues delayed airdates
1 A suit was filed against producers by an American woman with no official
connection to the program, Lisa Miceli, in June after she felt the show, including
Hilton and Ish Entertainment, had attempted a hostile takeover of her life, including attempts to interfere with her alleged personal relationship with Sheik
Ahmed Bin Saeed Bin Al Maktoum, of Dubai, whom she said she plans to marry
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Paris Hilton's Dubai BFF - Legal issues delayed airdates
1 While it was originally expected to air in Winter 2010, Lionsgate Television executives
claim producers at Uniqon Emirates, LLC signed a written agreement, worth US$8 million, to co-produce and distribute Paris
Hilton's Dubai BFF in the Middle East. Uniqon Emirates failed to pay more than $4.7 million to cover the production and distribution costs and Lionsgate filed a federal suit for breach
of contract in U.S. District Court in Los Angeles on February 2, 2010.
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Paris Hilton's Dubai BFF - Legal issues delayed airdates
1 No official outcome for the suit was announced, however the series failed
to air on Dubai TV, the announced original network for this version
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Paris Hilton's Dubai BFF - Legal issues delayed airdates
1 Despite rumors suggesting Hilton may be shooting a second season of
the Dubai BFF series in mid-2011, she has since clarrified that she will not be shooting any further seasons of the BFF franchise and that she has
moved on.
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Kamboja-Pala Dynasty of Bengal - Irda Copper Plate (Tamrapatra)
1 The Kamboja-Pala kings of Irda Copper plate had ruled north-west
Bengal in 10th or 11th century.Ancient Kamboja, People and
the Country, 1981, p 315, Dr J
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L.A. Heat (TV series) - Worldwide Airdates
1 Although L.A. Heat premiered in the United States|US on March 15, 1999, it premiered earlier in other parts of
the world.
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L.A. Heat (TV series) - Worldwide Airdates
1 * Estonia - February 15, 2001
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Galaxy High - Airdates
1 Galaxy High originally aired at 11:00am EST/10:00am CST after
Teen Wolf (1986 TV series)|Teen Wolf and before CBS Storybreak in the 1986-1987 season on CBS. It was also given a timeslot for the 1987-
1988 CBS season in the expectation of a second season, but upon the show's retirement the 1987-1988
schedules re-ran episodes of the first season.
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Galaxy High - Airdates
1 Later airdates: 2 January 1988 - 27 August 1988 on CBS, January 2,
1994-?, July 2, 1994-September 24, 1994, October 8, 1994-December 31, 1994-early 1995, 7 February 1996 -
23 February 1996, April 2, 1996-April 19, 1996, May 27, 1996-June 17, 1996 on the Syfy|Sci Fi Channel.
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Blairdardie
1 'Blairdardie' is a district in the Scotland|Scottish city of Glasgow. It is situated north of the River Clyde.
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Blairdardie
1 The main A82 road|A82 Great Western Road runs right through the middle creating a South Blairdardie (99% Keal Avenue, Keal Crescent, Keal Drive) which extends to the
Forth and Clyde canal and a North Blairdardie which extends to
Drumchapel Road in the North.
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Blairdardie
1 There are two well-regarded primary schools in Blairdardie, Blairdardie Primary http://www.blairdardie-
pri.glasgow.sch.uk/ and St. Ninian's Primary.
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Blairdardie
1 The district of North Blairdardie consists of mostly terraced houses,
which were council built and are now a mixture of owner-occupied and
rented.
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Blairdardie
1 The district of South Blairdardie is made up of mostly council built low rise flats of up to five storeys. There are however four landmark multi-
storey flats situated along the Great Western Road. Built in the late 50s early 60s, they still overlook the
entire west end of Glasgow. These multi-storey flats underwent
extensive renovation in 2007.https://store.theartofservice.com/itil-2011-foundation-complete-certification-kit-fourth-edition-study-guide-ebook-and-online-course.html
Blairdardie
1 The area is served by Drumchapel Train Station.
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Blairdardie
1 Blairdardie Pavilion hosts football pitches, a skateboarding club and various youth and children's clubs.
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Blairdardie
1 Blairdardie has an active community council.
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Blairdardie
1 The area is within Drumchapel/Anniesland Ward (Ward
14), Glasgow City Council and is represented by Cllr Judith Fisher, Cllr Paul Carey, Cllr Malcolm Balfour and
Bailie Jonathan Findlay.
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Blairdardie
1 The Westminster constituency is Glasgow North West and is
represented by John Robertson MP. The Holyrood constituency is Glasgow Anniesland and is
represented by Bill Kidd MSP.
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Algirdas Butkevičius
1 'Algirdas Butkevičius' (born 19 November 1958) has been Prime
Minister of Lithuania since December 2012. He was Minister of Finance from 2004 to 2005 and Minister of
Transport and Communications from 2006 to 2008. He has led the Social Democratic Party of Lithuania since
2009.
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Algirdas Butkevičius - Political career
1 Butkevičius was born at :lt:Paežeriai (Šeduva)|Paežeriai village in
Radviliškis district municipality. Since 1992 he is member of the Social
Democratic Party of Lithuania (SDPL). He was Chairman of Vilkaviškis
Department of the SDPL in 1995–1997, Deputy Chairman of the SDPL in 1999–2005 (re-elected in 2001),
and Chairman of the SDPL since 2009.
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Algirdas Butkevičius - Political career
1 In 1996 and 2000, he was elected to the Seimas (parliament). From 2004
to 2005 he served as Ministry of Finance (Lithuania)|Minister of
Finance and from 2006 to 2008 as Ministry of Transport and
Communications (Lithuania)|Minister of Transport and Communications.
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Algirdas Butkevičius - Political career
1 Butkevičius was the SDPL candidate in the Lithuanian presidential
election, 2009|2009 presidential election, placing second with 11.83%
of the votes. As of 2010, he is the chairman of the SDPL.
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Algirdas Butkevičius - Political career
1 During the Lithuanian parliamentary election, 2012|2012 parliamentary
election, Butkevičius was among the few candidates who were elected in the first round of the popular vote.
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Algirdas Butkevičius - Political career
1 On 22 November 2012 he was elected by the Seimas to be Prime Minister-designate. He was
appointed as Prime Minister by presidential decree on 7 December
2012[http://www.lrv.lt/en/government/apie-vyriausybe/ministras-pirmininkas/prime-minister-
biography/ Prime Minister biography] at the government website (retrieved 13 December
2012) and his cabinet was sworn on 13 December, following the approval of the governmental
program by Parliament.[http://rulers.org/2012-12.html Rulers.org]
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Algirdas Butkevičius - Education and career timeline
1 *1977 graduation from Šeduva
Secondary School, district of
Radviliškis.https://store.theartofservice.com/itil-2011-foundation-complete-certification-kit-fourth-edition-study-guide-ebook-and-online-course.html
Algirdas Butkevičius - Education and career timeline
1 *1977-1979 Military service in Signals-Communications Troops of Soviet Army, rank
Efreitor.
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Algirdas Butkevičius - Education and career timeline
1 *1984 Diploma of Engineering Economist, Faculty of Economics, Vilnius Civil Engineering Institute
(currently Vilnius Gediminas Technical University)
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Algirdas Butkevičius - Education and career timeline
1 *1990–1991 Diploma of Technical Manager, Lithuanian
Management Academy
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Algirdas Butkevičius - Education and career timeline
1 *1995 Master's Degree in
Management, Kaunas University of
Technologyhttps://store.theartofservice.com/itil-2011-foundation-complete-certification-kit-fourth-edition-study-guide-ebook-and-online-course.html
Algirdas Butkevičius - Education and career timeline
1 *1994 Traineeship, Management Academy in Würzburg, Germany.
1998, 1999, 2001 – traineeships in the United States of America and
Denmark.
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Algirdas Butkevičius - Education and career timeline
1 *1982–1985 Industrial Association
“Žemūktechnika”, Vilkaviškis district
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Algirdas Butkevičius - Education and career timeline
1 *1985–1990 Architect, Executive Committee of Vilkaviškis district; Inspector, State Construction and
Architecture Unit, Vilkaviškis district
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Algirdas Butkevičius - Education and career timeline
1 *1991–1995 Deputy Governor, Vilkaviškis
district
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Algirdas Butkevičius - Education and career timeline
1 *1995–1996 Director of Market Research and Marketing, Joint Stock Company AB Vilkauta
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Algirdas Butkevičius - Education and career timeline
1 *1996–2008 Member of the 7th, 8th, 9th and 10th Seimas, elected in
Vilkaviškis electoral constituency No 68 as candidate of the Lithuanian Social Democratic Party. He has
served in the following committees: Committee on Budget and Finance
(Chairman in 2001–2004), Committee on European Affairs (2005–2006) and Committee on
Economics (2006–2008)https://store.theartofservice.com/itil-2011-foundation-complete-certification-kit-fourth-edition-study-guide-ebook-and-online-course.html
Algirdas Butkevičius - Education and career timeline
1 *2004–2005 Minister of Finance, 12th and 13th Governments of the Republic of
Lithuania
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Algirdas Butkevičius - Education and career timeline
1 *2006–2008 Minister of Transport and Communications, 14th Government of the
Republic of Lithuania
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Algirdas Butkevičius - Education and career timeline
1 *1990–1997 and 2000–2002 Member of the Municipal Council of Vilkaviškis district
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Algirdas Butkevičius - Education and career timeline
1 *1995–1997 Member of the Municipal Board of Vilkaviškis
district
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Algirdas Butkevičius - Personal
1 In addition to his native Lithuanian, he speaks Russian and English. His wife is Janina, and they have one
daughter, Indrė.
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Algirdas Saudargas
1 In 1992, Algirdas Saudargas, together with 9 other Baltic Ministers
of Foreign Affairs and an EU commissioner, founded the Council of the Baltic Sea States (CBSS) and
the EuroFaculty.Kristensen, Gustav N
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Algirdas Saudargas
1 He was elected to the European
Parliament in 2009.
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Algirdas Butkevičius - Education and career timeline
1 *1984 Diploma of Engineering Economist, Faculty of Economics, Vilnius Engineering Construction
Institute (currently Vilnius Gediminas Technical University)
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Tekirdağ Province
1 'Tekirdağ Province' (, ) is in East Thrace, the European part of northwestern Turkey.
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Tekirdağ
1 'Tekirdağ' (; see also its #Name|other names), is a city in Turkey. It is a part of the region
historically known as Eastern Thrace. Tekirdağ is the capital of Tekirdağ Province. The city
population as of 2009 was 140,535.http://report.tuik.gov.tr/reports/rwservl
et?adnksdb2=report=idari_yapi_09sonrasi.RDFp_il1=59p_yil=2009p_dil=1desformat=htmlENVID
=nufus2000db2Env There are honorary consulates of Hungary and Bulgaria in Tekirdağ.
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Tekirdağ - Name
1 In time, the name mutated into the Turkish Tekirdağ, and this became the official name under the Turkish
Republic
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Tekirdağ - Location
1 Tekirdağ is situated on the northern coast of the Sea of Marmara, west of
Istanbul. The picturesque bay of Tekirdağ is enclosed by the great
promontory of the mountain which gives its name to the city, Tekir Dağı
(ancient Combos), a spur about 2000ft. that rises into the hilly plateau to the north. Between Tekirdağ and Şarköy is another
mountain, Ganos Dağı.https://store.theartofservice.com/itil-2011-foundation-complete-certification-kit-fourth-edition-study-guide-ebook-and-online-course.html
Tekirdağ - Climate
1 Tekirdağ has a borderline mediterranean climate|
mediterranean/humid subtropical climate (Köppen climate
classification: Csa/Cfa). Summers are long, hot and humid whilst winters are cool and wet. Snowfall is quite common between the months of
December and March, snowing for a week or two.
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Tekirdağ - History
1 The history of the city of Tekirdağ dates back to around 4000 BC. The ancient Greek city of Rodosto is said
to have been founded by Samos Island|Samians. In Xenophon’s
Anabasis (Xenophon)|Anabasis it is mentioned to be a part of the
kingdom of the Thrace|Thracian prince Seuthes II|Seuthes. It is also
mentioned as Bisanthe by Herodotus (VII, 137).
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Tekirdağ - History
1 Its restoration by Justinian I in the 6th century AD is chronicled by
Procopius. In 813 and again in 1206 it was sacked by the Bulgarians after
the Battle of Rodosto, but it continued to appear as a place of
considerable note in later Byzantine Empire|Byzantine history. It was also ruled by Republic of Venice|Venetians
between 1204-1235.https://store.theartofservice.com/itil-2011-foundation-complete-certification-kit-fourth-edition-study-guide-ebook-and-online-course.html
Tekirdağ - History
1 The 11th-century Byzantine historian Michael Attaleiates owned property in Raidestos which he describes in
his will.
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Tekirdağ - History
1 In the Ottoman period the city was successively a part of the vilayet
(province) of Rumelia, Kaptanpaşa (centered at Gelibolu), Silistra|Silistre
and Edirne.
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Tekirdağ - History
1 In 1905, the city had a population of about 35,000; of whom half were
GreeksVolume V23, Page 448 of the 1911 Encyclopædia Britannica.
http://en.wikisource.org/w/index.php?title=User:Tim_Starling/ScanSet_TIFF
_demovol=23page=ED3A470 who were exchanged with Muslims living in Greece under the 1923 agreement for Exchange of populations between
Greece and Turkey|Exchange of Greek Orthodox and Muslim Populations between the two
countries.
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Tekirdağ - History
1 Tekirdağ was for many years a depot for the produce of the Edirne
province, but its trade suffered when Alexandroupolis became the
terminus of the railway up the river Maritsa.
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Tekirdağ - History
1 Tekirdağ Museum-12.JPG|A Pot which was shaped as mother
goddess
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Tekirdağ - History
1 Orta Cami.JPG|Orta Mosque 1855
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Tekirdağ - History
1 Tekirdağ Valilik.JPG|Government House
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Tekirdağ - Tekirdağ today
1 The Tekirdağ area is the site of many holiday homes, as the city is only two hours drive from Istanbul via a new four-lane highway. The villages of Şarköy, Mürefte and Kumbağ are particularly popular with Turkish
tourists. Much of this holiday property has been built in an
unregulated and unplanned manner and thus much of the coast looks
over-built. The Marmara Sea is polluted but there are still a number
of public beaches near Tekirdağ, especially the Yeniçiftlik beaches.
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Tekirdağ - Tekirdağ today
1 Tekirdağ is a Turkish commercial town centre with a harbour for
agricultural products; the harbor is being expanded to accommodate a new rail link to the main freight line
through Thrace. Tekirdağ is the home port of Martas and the BOTAŞ
Terminal, both of which are important for trade activities in the Marmara
Region.https://store.theartofservice.com/itil-2011-foundation-complete-certification-kit-fourth-edition-study-guide-ebook-and-online-course.html
Tekirdağ - Tekirdağ today
1 One reason to visit is the local delicacy, the small spicy cylindrical
grilled meatballs called köfte|Tekirdağ köftesi, traditionally
followed by courses of a sweet local cheese and semolina pudding.
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Tekirdağ - Tekirdağ today
1 The inland areas are fertile farmland, growing crops including winter wheat, sunflowers, cherries and
grapes for wine-making: thus the high quality Raki (alcoholic
beverage)|rakı for which Tekirdağ is noted. The distilleries were state-
owned until the 1990s but are now in private hands and the wine and rakı industries are undergoing a renewal. Local red wines are inexpensive and
worth a taste.
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Tekirdağ - Tekirdağ today
1 Both the east-west highway (the Via Egnatia from Roman times) and the highway north toward Muratlı and
Lüleburgaz are four lanes. There is a prison next to the rakı distillery and another north of the city on the road
to Muratlı.
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Tekirdağ - Tekirdağ today
1 Tekirdağ is the home of Namık Kemal University, which was founded in
2006 with three faculties. It is located at the eastern edge of the
city.
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Tekirdağ - Notable people
1 *Phaedimus of Bisanthe, ancient Greek poet (3rd or 2nd century BC)
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Tekirdağ - Notable people
1 *Namık Kemal (1840–1888), Turkish nationalist poet
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Tekirdağ - Notable people
1 *Francis II Rákóczi (1676–1735),
Hungarian prince and national hero
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Tekirdağ - Notable people
1 *Bekri Mustafa Pasha, Ottoman
Grand Vizier (1688–1698)
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Tekirdağ - Notable people
1 *Khachadour Paul Garabedian, Armenian American United States Navy officer during the American
Civil War
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Tekirdağ - Notable people
1 *Barsegh Kanachyan, Armenian composer and
musicologist
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Tekirdağ - Notable people
1 *Ardashes Harutunian, Armenian poet, a self-educated translator from French and literary
critic
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Tekirdağ - Notable people
1 *Rifat Karlova, Turkish comedian and actor (b.
1980) residing in Taiwan.
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Tekirdağ - Places of interest
1 *The Rákóczi Museum, Tekirdağ|Rakoczi Museum, an 18th-century Turkish house, where the Hungary|Hungarian national hero, Francis II Rákóczi lived during his exile, from 1720 till his death in 1735. Today, the museum is a property of the
Republic of Hungary and is widely visited, having become a place of
national pilgrimage.https://store.theartofservice.com/itil-2011-foundation-complete-certification-kit-fourth-edition-study-guide-ebook-and-online-course.html
Tekirdağ - Places of interest
1 *The church of Panagia (Blessed Virgin Mary|Virgin Mary)
Rheumatocratissa contains the graves, with long Latin inscriptions,
of other Hungarians who took refuge here with their leader.
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Tekirdağ - Places of interest
1 *The birthplace of 19th-century poet, Namık Kemal, now a Namık Kemal
House Museum, Tekirdağ|museum to his life and work.
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Tekirdağ - Places of interest
1 *Of all the statues of Atatürk in Turkey, the town centre of Tekirdağ holds the only one that was made
exactly life-size.
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Tekirdağ - Namesakes
1 * TC-JGE, a Turkish Airlines Boeing 737-800 which crashed as Turkish
Airlines Flight 1951|Flight 1951 on 25 February 2009
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Kabirdas
1 (c. 1440 – c. 1518)[http://www.britannica.com/EBc
hecked/topic/309270/Kabir Encyclopædia Britannica ] was a
Mysticism|mystic poet and saint of India, whose writings have greatly
influenced the Bhakti movement. The name Kabir comes from Arabic language|Arabic al-Kabīr which
means The Great – the 37th Names of God in Islam|name of God in Islam.
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Kabirdas
1 Kabir's legacy is today carried forward by the Kabir panth (Path of Kabir), a religious community that
recognises him as its founder and is one of the Sant Mat sects. Its
members, known as Kabir panthis, are estimated to be around 9.6
million. They are spread over north and central India, as well as
dispersed with the Non-resident Indian and Person of Indian Origin|
Indian diaspora across the world, up from 843,171 in the 1901 census.
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Kabirdas
1 His writings include Bijak, Sakhi Granth, Kabir Granthawali and
Anurag Sagar.[http://web.archive.org/web/20091028091505/http://www.geocities.com/anulbird/anuragindex.html The Ocean of Love– The Anurag Sagar of
Kabir]
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Kabirdas - Early life and background
1 Kabir's early life is not firmly
established
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Kabirdas - Early life and background
1 According to one traditional version of his parentage, Kabir was born to a
Brahmin widow at Lahartara near Kashi (modern day Varanasi). The widow abandoned Kabir to escape dishonour associated with births
outside marriage. He was brought up in a family of poor Muslim Weaving|weavers Niru and Nima. Vaishnava saint Swami Ramananda accepted Kabir as his disciple. When Swami
Ramananda died, Kabir was 13 years old.
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Kabirdas - Early life and background
1 In his hymns, Kabir does not call himself born as Brahmin, but he refers to himself as born a Julaha
many times in his hymns.Page 328 Adi Granth. Page 524, Line 16, ਓਛੀ� ਮਤਿ�
॥ ओछी� मति� मरी� जा ति� जा�ला हा ॥ ਮ�ਰੀ� ਜਾਤਿ� ਜਾ�ਲਾਹਾOcẖẖī maṯ merī jāṯ julāhā. My
intellect is lowly - I am a weaver by birth Bhagat Ravidas, the
contemporary of Kabir, also mentioned in his hymn that Kabir
was born to Muslims who were cow killers. Adi Granth, Bhagat Ravidas,
Page 1293, Line 11
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Kabirdas - Early life and background
1 And he whose family used to kill cows at the festivals of Eid and
Bakareed, who worshipped Shayks, martyrs and spiritual teachers,
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Kabirdas - Early life and background
1 whose father used to do such things - his son Kabeer became so successful
that he is now famous throughout the three worlds. ||2||
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Kabirdas - Early life and background
1 Kabir was initiated by Swami Ramananda- a major exponent of Vishishtadvaita philosophy who
considered lord Rama as Iṣṭa-devatā. Kabir too often refers to Rama as his lord. He did not become a sadhu, nor did he entirely abandon worldly life.
Kabir chose instead to live the balanced life of a householder and mysticism|mystic, a tradesman and contemplative. However, there are
conflicting views of whether he actually entered into a formal
marriage or not.
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Kabirdas - Early life and background
1 Kabir's family is believed to have lived in the locality of Kabir Chaura in
Varanasi. Kabīr matha|maṭha (), a maṭha located in the back alleys of Kabir Chaura, celebrates his life and times. Accompanying the property is
a house named Nīrūṭīlā () which houses Niru and Nima's graves. The house also accommodates students
and scholars who live there and study Kabir's work.
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Kabirdas - Philosophies
1 Kabir's legends describe his victory in trials by sultan, a Brahmin, a Qazi, a merchant and God. The ideological
messages in Kabir's legends appealed to the poor and oppressed.
David Lorenzen describes primary purpose of his legends as a protest against social discrimination and
economic exploitation.
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Kabirdas - Philosophies
1 His greatest work is the Bijak (the Seedling), an idea of the fundamental one
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Kabirdas - Philosophies
1 Kabir calls his God by the name of Rama. However, his Rama is not the Rama of Ayodhya born of Dashratha. His Rama is Niranjan (without taint),
Nirakar (formless) and Nyara (omnipresent, extraordinary). Here, his views are in line with the best ideals exposed in the upanishads.
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Kabirdas - Philosophies
1 His Hindi was a vernacular, straightforward kind, much like his
philosophies. A major part of Kabir's work as a bhagat was collected by the fifth Sikhism|Sikh guru, Guru
Arjan Dev, and incorporated into the Sikh scripture, Guru Granth Sahib.
The hallmark of Kabir's works consists of his two line couplets,
known as the 'Kabir ke Dohe'.https://store.theartofservice.com/itil-2011-foundation-complete-certification-kit-fourth-edition-study-guide-ebook-and-online-course.html
Kabirdas - Philosophies
1 Hence, it is correct to say that Kabir is a unifying factor across the three
major religions in India.
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Kabirdas - Poetry
1 Kabir composed in a pithy and earthy style, replete with surprise and inventive imagery. His poems
resonate with praise for the true guru who reveals the divine through direct
experience, and denounce more usual ways of attempting god-union such as chanting, austerities, etc.
Kabir, being illiterate, expressed his poems orally in vernacular Hindi, borrowing from various dialects
including Avadhi, Braj, and Bhojpuri.
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Kabirdas - Legacy
1 A considerable body of poetical work has been attributed to Saint Kabir.
And while two of his disciples, Bhāgodās and Dharmadās, did write
much of it down, ...there is also much that must have passed, with
expected changes and distortions, from mouth to mouth, as part of a well-established oral tradition.The Vision of Kabir: Love poems of a
15th Century Weaver, (1984) Alpha Omega, p. 47
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Kabirdas - Legacy
1 Poems and songs ascribed to Kabir are available today in several
dialects, with varying wordings and spellings as befits an oral tradition
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Kabirdas - Legacy
1 Kabir and his followers named his poetic output as bāņīs
(utterances)
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Kabirdas - Legacy
1 Kabir's influence was so great that, similar to how different communities argued to cremate the Buddha upon his death, after Kabir died, both the
Hindus and Muslims argued to cremate his body in Varanasi or bury
it in Maghahar them according to their tradition.The Strides of Vishnu:
Hindu Culture in Historical Perspective by Ariel Glucklich p. 192
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Kabirdas - Kabir's poetry today
1 There are several allusions to Kabir's poetry in mainstream Indian film music. The title song of the Sufi
fusion band Indian Ocean (band)|Indian Ocean's album Jhini is an
energetic rendering of Kabir's famous poem The intricately woven blanket, with influences from Indian folk, Sufi
traditions and progressive rock.
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Kabirdas - Kabir's poetry today
1 Noted classical singer, late Kumar Gandharva, is widely recognized for his wonderful rendering of Kabir's
poetry.
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Kabirdas - Kabir's poetry today
1 Documentary filmmaker Shabnam Virmani, from the Kabir Project, has produced a series of documentaries
and books tracing Kabir's philosophy, music and poetry in present day
India and Pakistan. The documentaries feature Indian folk singers such as Prahlad Tipanya, Mukhtiyar Ali and the Pakistani Qawwali|Qawwal Fareed Ayaz.
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Kabirdas - Kabir's poetry today
1 The album No Stranger Here by Shubha Mudgal, Ursula Rucker draws heavily from Kabir's poetry. Kabir's poetry has appeared prominently in
filmmaker Anand Gandhi's films Right Here, Right Now (Anand Gandhi film)|
Right Here Right Now (2003) and Continuum. Pakistani Sufi singer
Abida Parveen has sung Kabir in a full album.
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Firdaus
1 'Jannah' ( ), an eternal place for Muslims, is the Islamic conception of paradise
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Firdaus
1 The highest level of Paradise is Firdaus| (Arabic: ), which is where the prophets, the
martyrs and the most truthful and pious people will dwell. In contrast to Jannah, the words Jahannam| and are used to refer to the concept of hell. There are many words
in the Arabic language for both Heaven and Hell and those words also appear in
the Quran and Hadeeth and most of them have become part of the Islamic traditions.
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Firdaus - Descriptions of Paradise
1 The descriptions of paradise are mentioned in significant detail in the Qur'an, hadiths and traditional tafsir|
(exegesis)
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Firdaus - Descriptions of Paradise
1 Quote|Gardens of perpetual bliss: they shall enter there, as well as the righteous among their fathers, their
spouses, and their offspring: and angels shall enter unto them from
every gate (with the salutation):Peace unto you for that
ye persevered in patience! Now how excellent is the final home!|Qur'an, sura 13 (Ar-Ra'd|), Ayah|ayat 23-24
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Firdaus - Descriptions of Paradise
1 The List of Islamic texts|Islamic texts describes life for its immortal
inhabitants as: one that is happy — without hurt, sorrow, fear or shame
— where every wish is fulfilled
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Firdaus - Descriptions of Paradise
1 They will take eructation which will digest the food and there will be
perfumed sweating for the digestion of water. Inhabitants will rejoice in
the company of their parents, spouses, and children (provided they
were admitted to paradise) — conversing and recalling the past.
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Firdaus - Descriptions of Paradise
1 The food in Jannah is reported by the companions of Muhammed as never rotting and so sweet it will make any person on earth live without feeling
hunger forever.
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Firdaus - Descriptions of Paradise
1 The dwellings for inhabitants will be pleasant, with lofty gardens, shady
valleys, fountains scented with camphor or ginger; rivers of water, milk, honey and Sharabun Tahoora (pure drink); delicious fruits of all seasons without thorns; texts also relate pure consorts , created in
perfection, with whom carnal joys are shared — a hundred times greater
than earthly pleasure.https://store.theartofservice.com/itil-2011-foundation-complete-certification-kit-fourth-edition-study-guide-ebook-and-online-course.html
Firdaus - Descriptions of Paradise
1 The names of four rivers are Saihan (Syr Darya), Jaihan (Amu Darya), Furat (Euphrates) and Nil (Nile).
Salsabil is the name of a spring that is the source of the rivers of Rahma
(mercy) and Al-Kawthar (abundance).
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Firdaus - Descriptions of Paradise
1 Sidrat al-Muntaha is a Lote tree that marks the end of the Seven Heavens|seventh heaven, the boundary where
no creation can pass.
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Firdaus - Descriptions of Paradise
1 In spite of the goodly dwellings given to the inhabitants of paradise, the
approval of God and nearness to him is considered greater. According to the Qur'an, God will bring the elect
near to his throne (), a day on which some faces shall be shining in
contemplating their Lord. The vision of God is regarded as the greatest of all rewards, surpassing all other joys.
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Firdaus - Conditions of going to Paradise
1 According to the Qur'an, the basic criterion for salvation in afterlife is the belief in monotheism|one God
(Tawhid|), Last Judgment, good deeds, and in all the Messengers of Islam|messengers of God, as well as believing that Muhammad is the Last
prophet|final prophet of God.
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Firdaus - Conditions of going to Paradise
1 Though one must do good deeds and believe in God, salvation can only be
attained through God's judgement.Moiz Amjad.
[http://renaissance.com.pk/juntitl2y1.html Will Christians enter Paradise or go to Hell?]. Al-Mawrid|Renaissance - Monthly Islamic journal 11(6), June,
2001.
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Firdaus - Conditions of going to Paradise
1 Conditions of going to Paradise according to the Qur'an:
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Firdaus - Conditions of going to Paradise
1 As in life there are many trials which one must face. This is also a
condition individuals must encounter in order to enter Jannah.
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Firdaus - Conditions of going to Paradise
1 The Qur'an also asserts that those who reject the Prophets of Islam|Prophets of God with their best
knowledge are damned in afterlife and if they reject in front of the
Messenger of God, then they also face dreadful fate in this world and in
afterlife (see Itmam al-hujjah). Conversely, a person who discovers
monotheism not having been reached by a messenger is called
Hanif.
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Firdaus - Qur'anic names of Paradise
1 * — The Highest Gardens of the
Paradise (al-Kahf|, Al-Mu’minoon)
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Firdaus - Qur'anic names of Paradise
1 * — The Home in the Hereafter (al-Ankabut|)
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Firdaus - Qur'anic names of Paradise
1 * — This is the most commonly used term in the Qur'an and Hadith. (, Āl ‘Imran, )
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Firdaus - Qur'anic names of Paradise
1 * — The House of Security (Ad-Dukhan|)
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Firdaus - Non-Muslims in Jannah
1 A few hadith, for example those narrated by Sahl bin Sad, Abd Allah
ibn Abbas, and Abu Hurairah, suggest that some who were born before Islam, during the period of ignorance would be allowed into
heaven without a full reckoning of their behavior. The period of
ignorance is believed to be those Monotheism|monotheists who lived between the time of Jesus in Islam|Prophet Isa's ascension and before
the time of Muhammad|Prophet Muhammad' prophethood., , ,
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Firdaus - Non-Muslims in Jannah
1 Another hadith states that one certain sect of Christians and one sect of Jews will enter
Jannah
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Firdaus - Doors of Jannah
1 #: For those who were punctual in prayer.
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Firdaus - Doors of Jannah
1 #: For those participated in the annual pilgrimage.
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Firdaus - Doors of Jannah
1 #: For those who by virtue of their faith are saved from reckoning and chastisement.
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