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Lect
ure
(02)
Intr
oduc
tion
To
Virt
ualiz
atio
n
By:
Dr.
Ahm
ed E
lSha
fee
D
r. Ah
med
ElS
hafe
e, A
CU :
Fall
2014
, Sel
ecte
d To
pics
in
Com
pute
r Net
wor
ks
١
Intro
duct
ion
To V
irtua
lizat
ion
•In
a g
ener
al se
nse,
virt
ualiz
atio
n, is
the
crea
tion
of a
virt
ual,
rath
er th
an a
n ac
tual
, ver
sion
of so
met
hing
. •
Mor
e ge
nera
lly, i
n a
com
putin
g en
viro
nmen
t, vi
rtua
lizat
ion
will
cre
ate
a vi
rtua
l ver
sion
of a
dev
ice
or re
sour
ce, s
uch
as a
se
rver
, sto
rage
dev
ice,
net
wor
k or
eve
n an
ope
ratin
g sy
stem
w
here
the
fram
ewor
k di
vide
s the
reso
urce
into
one
or m
ore
exec
utio
n en
viro
nmen
ts
•Vi
rtua
lizat
ion
is pa
rt o
f an
over
all t
rend
in e
nter
prise
IT :
–au
tono
mic
com
putin
g, w
hich
is a
scen
ario
in w
hich
the
IT
envi
ronm
ent w
ill b
e ab
le to
man
age
itsel
f bas
ed o
n pe
rcei
ved
activ
ity,
–ut
ility
com
putin
g, in
whi
ch th
e pr
oces
sor’s
pow
er is
seen
as
a u
tility
that
clie
nts c
an p
ay fo
r onl
y as
nee
ded.
•Vi
rtua
lizat
ion
is no
t a n
ew te
chno
logy
.
•M
ainf
ram
e co
mpu
ters
hav
e of
fere
d th
e ab
ility
to h
ost
mul
tiple
ope
ratin
g sy
stem
s for
mor
e th
an 4
0 ye
ars.
•
How
ever
, fo
ur t
rend
s ha
ve c
onve
rged
in
rece
nt y
ears
tha
t ha
ve a
llow
ed v
irtua
lizat
ion
to m
igra
te d
omai
n of
mai
nfra
me
com
pute
rs to
smal
l and
med
ium
com
putin
g en
viro
nmen
t.
•Th
ese
four
tren
ds a
re:
–H
ardw
are
is un
der u
tilize
d –
Data
cen
ters
are
runn
ing
out o
f spa
ce
–En
ergy
cos
ts in
crea
se
–Sy
stem
adm
inist
ratio
n co
st a
re in
crea
sing
Dr. A
hmed
ElS
hafe
e, A
CU :
Fall
2014
, Sel
ecte
d To
pics
in C
ompu
ter N
etw
orks
٣
Har
dwar
e is
unde
r util
ized
•
Moo
re’s
Law
dem
onst
rate
s inc
reas
ing
retu
rns –
the
amou
nt o
f im
prov
emen
t in
pro
cess
or s
peed
gro
ws
over
tim
e be
caus
e th
ere
is an
ex
pone
ntia
l in
crea
se
in
capa
city
fo
r ev
ery
gene
ratio
n of
pro
cess
or im
prov
emen
t. •
Man
y da
ta c
ente
rs t
oday
hav
e m
achi
nes
runn
ing
at o
nly
10-
15%
of t
he to
tal p
roce
ssin
g ca
paci
ty.
In o
ther
wor
ds, 8
5-90
%
of th
e m
achi
ne’s
pow
er is
unu
sed.
•
In
a w
ay,
Moo
re’s
Law
is
no
long
er
rele
vant
to
m
ost
com
pani
es b
ecau
se t
hey
aren
’t ab
le to
take
adv
anta
ge o
f the
in
crea
sed
pow
er a
vaila
ble
to th
em.
•By
app
lyin
g vi
rtua
lizat
ion,
org
aniza
tions
can
im
prov
e th
eir
hard
war
e ut
iliza
tion
from
10-
15%
to 7
0-80
%.
٤
Data
Cen
ters
Are
Run
ning
Out
Of S
pace
•
20 y
ears
ago
the
vas
t m
ajor
ity o
f bu
sines
s pr
oces
ses
wer
e pa
per b
ased
.
•Co
mpu
teriz
ed s
yste
ms
star
t in
crea
sing
payr
oll,
acco
untin
g,
and
the
like.
•
This
has
all
chan
ged
with
bus
ines
s pr
oces
s af
ter
busin
ess
proc
ess b
eing
cap
ture
d in
soft
war
e an
d au
tom
ated
.
•Th
e ris
e of
the
Int
erne
t ha
s ex
pone
ntia
lly i
ncre
ased
thi
s tr
ansf
orm
atio
n as
wel
l.
Dr. A
hmed
ElS
hafe
e, A
CU :
Fall
2014
, Sel
ecte
d To
pics
in C
ompu
ter N
etw
orks
٥
Ener
gy C
osts
incr
ease
•
Elec
tric
al p
ower
was
che
ap a
nd e
ndle
ssly
ava
ilabl
e.
•Se
vera
l eve
nts h
ave
chan
ged
this
line
of th
inki
ng:
–In
crea
sing
com
pute
rizat
ion
mea
ns t
hat
com
pani
es a
re u
sing
mor
e po
wer
than
eve
r. –
Esca
latin
g en
ergy
cos
ts n
ow m
ake
elec
tric
ity o
ne o
f the
top
five
cos
ts
in m
any
com
pany
’s op
erat
ion
budg
ets.
Dr. A
hmed
ElS
hafe
e, A
CU :
Fall
2014
, Sel
ecte
d To
pics
in C
ompu
ter N
etw
orks
٦
Syst
em A
dmin
istra
tion
Cost
s Are
Incr
easin
g
•Co
mpu
ter s
yste
ms d
o no
t ope
rate
on
thei
r ow
n.
•Ev
ery
serv
er r
equi
res
prop
er c
are
and
feed
ing
by s
yste
m
adm
inist
rato
rs w
ho, a
s pa
rt o
f th
e op
erat
ions
gro
up, e
nsur
e th
at th
e se
rver
runs
pro
perly
. •
Syst
em
adm
inist
ratio
n is
labo
r in
tens
ive
and
syst
em
adm
inist
rato
rs d
on’t
com
e ch
eap.
•
Unl
ike
syst
em p
rogr
amm
ers
who
may
be
offs
ite,
syst
em
adm
inist
rato
rs a
re a
lmos
t al
way
s on
site
due
to t
heir
need
to
acce
ss th
e ph
ysic
al h
ardw
are.
•
The
stea
dy in
crea
se in
the
num
ber
of s
erve
rs w
orld
-wid
e ha
s m
eant
a v
ery
good
job
mar
ket f
or sy
stem
adm
inist
rato
rs.
Dr. A
hmed
ElS
hafe
e, A
CU :
Fall
2014
, Sel
ecte
d To
pics
in C
ompu
ter N
etw
orks
٧
Goa
l
•Th
e ty
pica
l go
alof
virt
ualiz
atio
n is
to c
entr
alize
ad
min
istra
tive
task
s w
hile
im
prov
ing
scal
abili
ty a
nd
wor
k lo
ads a
cros
s a sy
stem
or n
etw
ork.
•
Virt
ualiz
atio
n in
a c
ompu
ting
envi
ronm
ent
can
be
pres
ent i
n m
any
diffe
rent
form
s, so
me
of w
hich
are
: –
Har
dwar
e vi
rtual
izat
ion
–S
tora
ge a
nd d
ata
virtu
aliz
atio
n –
Sof
twar
e vi
rtual
izat
ion
–N
etw
ork
virtu
aliz
atio
n
Dr. A
hmed
ElS
hafe
e, A
CU :
Fall
2014
, Sel
ecte
d To
pics
in C
ompu
ter N
etw
orks
٨
Har
dwar
e Vi
rtual
izat
ion
•H
ardw
are
virt
ualiz
atio
n is
the
exec
utio
n of
sof
twar
e in
an
envi
ronm
ent
sepa
rate
d fr
om
the
unde
rlyin
g ha
rdw
are
reso
urce
s.
Ther
e ar
e fo
ur p
rimar
y ca
tego
ries
of h
ardw
are
virt
ualiz
atio
n:
–
Ful
l vi
rtua
lizat
ion:
Alm
ost
com
plet
e si
mul
atio
n of
th
e ac
tual
ha
rdw
are
to a
llow
sof
twar
e, w
hich
typ
ical
ly c
onsi
sts
of a
gue
st
oper
atin
g sy
stem
, to
run
unm
odifi
ed.
–
Par
tial v
irtua
lizat
ion:
Som
e bu
t no
t al
l of
the
targ
et e
nviro
nmen
t is
si
mul
ated
. Som
e gu
est
prog
ram
s, t
here
fore
, may
need
mod
ifica
tions
to
run
in th
is vi
rtua
l env
ironm
ent.
–
Par
avirt
ualiz
atio
n:
A ha
rdw
are
envi
ronm
ent
is
not
sim
ulat
ed;
how
ever
, th
e gu
est
prog
ram
s ar
e ex
ecut
ed i
n th
eir
own
isola
ted
dom
ains
, as
if th
ey a
re ru
nnin
g on
a s
epar
ate
syst
em. G
uest
pro
gram
s ne
ed to
be
spec
ifica
lly m
odifi
ed to
run
in th
is en
viro
nmen
t. ٩
–H
ardw
are-
assi
sted
virt
ualiz
atio
n is
a w
ay o
fim
prov
ing
the
effic
ienc
y of
ha
rdw
are
virt
ualiz
atio
n. It
invo
lves
em
ploy
ing
spec
ially
des
igne
d CP
Us
and
hard
war
e co
mpo
nent
s th
at h
elp
impr
ove
the
perf
orm
ance
of
a gu
est e
nviro
nmen
t
Dr. A
hmed
ElS
hafe
e, A
CU :
Fall
2014
, Sel
ecte
d To
pics
in C
ompu
ter N
etw
orks
١٠
Sto
rage
And
Dat
a Vi
rtual
izat
ion
•Th
e am
ount
of
data
tha
t or
gani
zatio
ns a
re c
reat
ing
and
stor
ing
is ex
plod
ing.
–
Man
y ap
plic
atio
ns g
ener
ate
mor
e da
ta t
han
can
be s
tore
d on
a s
ingl
e se
rver
.
–M
any
appl
icat
ions
hav
e m
ultip
le m
achi
nes
that
nee
d to
acc
ess
the
sam
e da
ta.
Hav
ing
all t
he d
ata
sitt
ing
on o
ne p
hysic
al m
achi
ne c
reat
es
a bo
ttle
neck
. –
Crea
ting
back
ups
can
be a
hug
e ta
sk w
hen
hund
reds
of m
achi
nes
are
invo
lved
.
•Th
ese
tren
ds h
ave
led
to d
ata
virt
ualiz
atio
n.
•M
ovin
g da
ta f
rom
man
y ph
ysic
al s
erve
rs t
o a
cent
ral
loca
tion
enab
les
back
ups
to b
e pe
rfor
med
mor
e ef
ficie
ntly.
١١
•Fu
rthe
rmor
e, th
e ce
ntra
l dat
a re
posit
ory
can
be c
onfig
ured
w
ith m
ultip
le p
hysic
al st
orag
e de
vice
s to
ensu
re th
at n
o ha
rdw
are
cras
h w
ill e
ver m
ake
the
orga
niza
tion’
s dat
a un
avai
labl
e.
•Th
e th
ree
basic
app
roac
hes t
o da
tast
orag
e ar
e:
Dire
ct-A
ttac
hed
Stor
age
(DAS
) •
DAS
is th
e tr
aditi
onal
mod
e of
dat
a st
orag
e: h
ard
driv
es
atta
ched
to
w
hate
ver
phys
ical
se
ver
is ru
nnin
g th
e ap
plic
atio
n.
Dr. A
hmed
ElS
hafe
e, A
CU :
Fall
2014
, Sel
ecte
d To
pics
in C
ompu
ter N
etw
orks
١٢
Net
wor
k-At
tach
ed S
tora
ge (N
AS)
•N
AS is
a m
achi
ne th
at s
its o
n yo
ur n
etw
ork
and
offe
rs s
tora
ge
to o
ther
mac
hine
s.
If yo
u’ve
eve
r ha
d a
rem
ote
driv
e in
W
indo
ws,
you
’ve
expe
rienc
ed N
AS.
Stor
age-
Area
Net
wor
k (S
AN)
•SA
N
uses
hi
ghly
sp
ecia
lized
ha
rdw
are
and
soft
war
e to
tr
ansf
orm
sim
ple
disk
driv
es in
to a
dat
a st
orag
e so
lutio
n th
at
tran
sfer
s da
ta o
n its
ow
n hi
gh-s
peed
net
wor
k.
•SA
Ns
typi
cally
use
thei
r ow
n ne
twor
k pr
otoc
ol (F
ibre
Cha
nnel
) fo
r the
SAN
net
wor
k co
mm
unic
atio
ns.
Dr. A
hmed
ElS
hafe
e, A
CU :
Fall
2014
, Sel
ecte
d To
pics
in C
ompu
ter N
etw
orks
١٣
Sof
twar
e Vi
rtual
izat
ion
•So
ftw
are
virt
ualiz
atio
n is
mos
t of
ten
view
ed
from
th
e pe
rspe
ctiv
e of
OS
virt
ualiz
atio
n. T
his
allo
w fo
r th
e ho
stin
g of
m
ultip
le v
irtua
lized
env
ironm
ents
with
in a
sing
le O
S in
stan
ce.
•Ap
plic
atio
n vi
rtua
lizat
ion
allo
ws
the
host
ing
of i
ndiv
idua
l ap
plic
atio
ns in
an
envi
ronm
ent s
epar
ated
from
the
unde
rlyin
g O
S.
•Vi
rtua
l m
achi
ne
(VM
) is
a so
ftw
are
(pos
sibly
ha
rdw
are
assis
ted)
impl
emen
tatio
n of
a c
ompu
ter
syst
em th
at e
xecu
tes
appl
icat
ions
like
anac
tual
com
pute
r.
Dr. A
hmed
ElS
hafe
e, A
CU :
Fall
2014
, Sel
ecte
d To
pics
in C
ompu
ter N
etw
orks
١٤
The
Ben
efits
Of V
irtua
lizat
ion
•Se
rver
con
solid
atio
n:
–O
ne o
f th
e pr
imar
y be
nefit
s of
virt
ualiz
atio
n so
ftw
are
is th
at i
t al
low
s yo
u to
inc
reas
e th
e sc
ale
of y
our
serv
er
infr
astr
uctu
re
with
out
purc
hasin
g ad
ditio
nal
piec
es
of
hard
war
e.
•En
ergy
con
serv
atio
n:
–In
ad
ditio
n to
sav
ings
in
hard
war
e co
sts,
virt
ualiz
atio
n so
ftw
are
may
also
sav
e yo
u m
oney
on
your
ene
rgy
bill.
Ac
cord
ing
to E
nerg
y St
ar,
the
ener
gy c
osts
for
run
ning
a
serv
er fo
r a y
ear w
ill so
on e
xcee
d th
e pr
ice
of a
cqui
ring
it.
Dr. A
hmed
ElS
hafe
e, A
CU :
Fall
2014
, Sel
ecte
d To
pics
in C
ompu
ter N
etw
orks
١٥
•Im
prov
ing
ease
of m
anag
emen
t: –
Man
agin
g vi
rtua
l m
achi
nes
is a
lot
easie
r th
an
man
agin
g “r
eal”
mac
hine
s, s
ince
har
dwar
e up
grad
es,
for
exam
ple,
can
be
done
with
the
clic
k of
sev
eral
bu
tton
s,
rath
er
than
ha
ving
to
pow
er
dow
n th
e m
achi
ne, i
nsta
ll th
e ha
rdw
are,
ver
ify th
e ch
ange
, the
n po
wer
up
agai
n.
–M
oreo
ver,
man
agin
g vi
rtua
l m
achi
nes
can
ofte
n be
do
ne v
ia a
con
sole
ser
ver,
ther
eby
redu
cing
the
tim
e ne
eded
to d
eplo
y th
em.
Dr. A
hmed
ElS
hafe
e, A
CU :
Fall
2014
, Sel
ecte
d To
pics
in C
ompu
ter N
etw
orks
١٦
•Re
duci
ng b
acku
p an
d re
cove
ry ti
me:
–
Sinc
e vi
rtua
l mac
hine
s ar
e es
sent
ially
file
s, b
acki
ng u
p an
d re
stor
ing
them
is a
lot l
ess t
ime-
cons
umin
g.
–An
d w
hile
the
files
can
be
huge
, a d
irect
ory
of m
any
2-G
B fil
es is
stil
l eas
ier t
o re
stor
e th
an a
real
mac
hine
of
the
sam
e sp
ecifi
catio
ns.
–H
ardw
are
failu
res
such
as
a fa
iled
hard
driv
e ―
will
no
t af
fect
virt
ual
mac
hine
s in
the
sam
e w
ay t
hey
wou
ld a
phy
sical
mac
hine
. (O
f co
urse
, th
e re
al h
ard
driv
e on
whi
ch th
e vi
rtua
l mac
hine
resid
e ne
eds
to b
e ba
cked
up
as u
sual
.) Dr
. Ahm
ed E
lSha
fee,
ACU
: Fa
ll 20
14, S
elec
ted
Topi
cs in
Com
pute
r Net
wor
ks
١٧
•Te
stin
g so
ftw
are
conf
igur
atio
ns:
–An
othe
r w
ay y
ou c
an u
se v
irtua
lizat
ion
soft
war
e is
for
test
ing
soft
war
e co
nfig
urat
ions
bef
ore
depl
oyin
g th
em o
n a
live
syst
em.
–If
you
need
ed to
ver
ify w
heth
er a
pro
gram
is in
com
patib
le
with
you
r ex
istin
g se
tup,
for
exam
ple,
you
may
try
tes
ting
in o
n a
virt
ual m
achi
ne fi
rst.
–
This
can
be u
sefu
l fo
r or
gani
zatio
ns t
hat
have
leg
acy
syst
ems
or a
pplic
atio
ns a
nd m
ust
test
out
sys
tem
s be
fore
de
ploy
ing
them
. –
Virt
ual
mac
hine
s ca
n al
so i
nter
act
with
one
ano
ther
in
virt
ual
netw
orks
, al
low
ing
you
to
test
se
rver
-clie
nt
appl
icat
ions
virt
ually
. ١٨
•M
aint
aini
ng le
gacy
app
licat
ions
: –
If yo
u do
have
old
app
licat
ions
tha
t ha
ve c
ompa
tibili
ty i
ssue
s w
ith n
ewer
sof
twar
e or
that
mus
t run
on
a ce
rtai
n ve
rsio
n of
an
oper
atin
g sy
stem
, yo
u ca
n de
dica
te a
virt
ual
mac
hine
jus
t fo
r th
ose
task
s.
–Th
at
way
, yo
ur
ITar
chite
ctur
e an
d pl
anni
ng
won
't be
co
nstr
aine
d be
caus
e of
a fe
w a
pplic
atio
ns.
•M
aint
aini
ng a
cro
ss-p
latfo
rm o
ffice
: –
It is
not u
ncom
mon
for
offic
es th
at r
un m
ostly
Mac
s to
nee
d to
ru
n on
e or
tw
o W
indo
ws-
only
pro
gram
s; i
n th
is ca
se,
virt
ual
soft
war
e ca
n be
an
affo
rdab
le, e
asy
way
to d
o th
is.
–N
ote,
ho
wev
er,
that
th
e re
vers
e is
not
appl
icab
le;
man
y vi
rtua
lizat
ion
appl
icat
ions
for P
Cs a
llow
you
to ru
n Li
nux,
but
not
M
ac o
pera
ting
syst
ems
١٩
Fina
l wor
d on
Virt
ualiz
atio
n •
Desp
ite i
ts m
any
bene
fits,
kee
p in
min
d th
at v
irtua
lizat
ion
soft
war
e is
not f
or e
very
one.
•
Ther
e is
a le
arni
ng c
urve
in b
oth
conc
eptu
aliz
ing
how
virt
ual
mac
hine
s w
ill f
unct
ion
inyo
ur n
etw
ork
and
orga
niza
tion,
as
wel
l as m
anag
ing
them
relia
bly
and
cost
-effe
ctiv
ely.
•
In t
he I
T w
orld
, m
ost
virt
ualiz
atio
n re
fers
to
the
use
of
virt
ualiz
atio
n so
ftw
are
that
allo
ws
the
phys
ical
har
dwar
e of
a
singl
e PC
(or
serv
er)
to
run
mul
tiple
op
erat
ing
syst
ems
simul
tane
ously
in v
irtua
l mac
hine
s (VM
s).
Dr. A
hmed
ElS
hafe
e, A
CU :
Fall
2014
, Sel
ecte
d To
pics
in C
ompu
ter N
etw
orks
٢٠
•Th
e vi
rtua
lizat
ion
soft
war
e sim
ulat
es e
noug
h ha
rdw
are
to
crea
te
an
envi
ronm
ent
that
al
low
s an
un
mod
ified
gu
est
oper
atin
g sy
stem
(th
e on
e ru
nnin
g in
side
a VM
) to
be
run
in
isola
tion
on a
hos
t op
erat
ing
syst
em (t
he o
ne r
unni
ng o
n th
e ph
ysic
al c
ompu
ter s
yste
m).
•W
e’ll
intr
oduc
e yo
u to
virt
ualiz
atio
n us
ing
VMw
are
Play
er o
r O
racl
e’s V
irtua
lBox
.
Dr. A
hmed
ElS
hafe
e, A
CU :
Fall
2014
, Sel
ecte
d To
pics
in C
ompu
ter N
etw
orks
٢١
•Th
e di
agra
m o
n th
e ne
xt p
age
illus
trat
es, a
t a h
igh-
leve
l, ho
w
virt
ualiz
atio
n w
orks
:
–At
the
bas
e la
yer
you
have
the
har
dwar
e of
the
phy
sical
co
mpu
ter s
yste
m.
–
Abov
e th
e ha
rdw
are
laye
ris
the
host
ope
ratin
g sy
stem
. T
he
virt
ualiz
atio
n so
ftw
are
runs
w
ithin
th
e ho
st
OS
(as
an
appl
icat
ion)
and
pro
vide
s the
virt
ual p
latfo
rm fo
r the
VM
s.
–An
em
ulat
ed h
ardw
are
syst
em (
whi
ch im
itate
s th
e fu
nctio
n of
th
e co
mpu
ter s
yste
m) i
s pro
vide
d w
ithin
eac
h VM
for e
ach
gues
t O
S.
The
OS
and
soft
war
e w
ithin
eac
h VM
are
una
war
e of
the
ot
her V
Ms a
nd h
ave
full
acce
ss to
the
virt
ual p
latfo
rm.
•Th
e pa
ge a
fter
illu
stra
tes a
n ac
tual
sett
ing;
the
one
on m
y of
fice
com
pute
r, in
whi
ch tw
o VM
s ar
e ru
nnin
g al
ongs
ide
Vist
a an
d DO
S.
Dr. A
hmed
ElS
hafe
e, A
CU :
Fall
2014
, Sel
ecte
d To
pics
in C
ompu
ter N
etw
orks
٢٢
Dr. A
hmed
ElS
hafe
e, A
CU :
Fall
2014
, Sel
ecte
d To
pics
in C
ompu
ter N
etw
orks
٢٣
Phy
sica
l Har
dwar
e
Virtu
aliz
atio
n H
ardw
are
Vi
rtual
izat
ion
Sof
twar
e V
M 1
Win
dow
s 7
VM
2
W
indo
ws
2000
VM
3
D
OS
6.
22
VM
4
Li
nux
Oth
er
App
licat
ion
s
Hos
t Ope
ratin
g S
yste
m
Dr. A
hmed
ElS
hafe
e, A
CU :
Fall
2014
, Sel
ecte
d To
pics
in C
ompu
ter N
etw
orks
٢٤
Win
dow
s 8
- rea
l
Win
dow
s S
erve
r 20
12 H
yper
-V -
virtu
al
Win
dow
s S
erve
r 200
8 - v
irtua
l
DO
S 6
.2 -
real
Dra
wba
cks
Of V
irtua
lizat
ion
•U
nfor
tuna
tely,
th
ere
are
also
so
me
disa
dvan
tage
s to
vi
rtua
lizat
ion.
The
se in
clud
e a
drai
n on
per
form
ance
, lim
ited
scal
abili
ty, a
nd c
omm
on h
ardw
are.
•In
mos
t ca
ses
the
bene
fits
of v
irtua
lizat
ion
outw
eigh
the
dr
awba
cks,
ho
wev
er,
you
need
to
be
aw
are
of
the
disa
dvan
tage
s w
hen
cons
ider
ing
virt
ualiz
atio
n so
that
you
can
m
ake
an in
form
ed d
ecisi
on a
s to
the
use
of v
irtua
lizat
ion.
Dr. A
hmed
ElS
hafe
e, A
CU :
Fall
2014
, Sel
ecte
d To
pics
in C
ompu
ter N
etw
orks
٢٥
Perf
orm
ance
Issu
es:
•Vi
rtua
lizat
ion
soft
war
e ad
ds a
cer
tain
am
ount
of o
verh
ead
to
the
com
pute
r sys
tem
on
whi
ch it
is ru
nnin
g.
•De
term
inin
g th
e ov
eral
l im
pact
tha
t vi
rtua
lizat
ion
soft
war
e im
pose
s is
a di
fficu
lt ta
sk,
but
gene
rally
sp
eaki
ng,
virt
ualiz
atio
n so
ftw
are
has
a m
inim
al im
pact
on
proc
esso
r and
m
emor
y pe
rfor
man
ce.
•A
mor
e sig
nific
ant
impa
ct
is im
pose
d on
th
e di
sk
and
netw
orki
ng p
erfo
rman
ce o
f the
syst
em.
Dr. A
hmed
ElS
hafe
e, A
CU :
Fall
2014
, Sel
ecte
d To
pics
in C
ompu
ter N
etw
orks
٢٦
Scal
abili
ty:
•M
ost v
irtua
lizat
ion
soft
war
e is
scal
able
to m
ultip
le V
Ms
in th
e sa
me
phys
ical
sys
tem
, how
ever
, alm
ost
all a
re u
ni-p
roce
ssor
sy
stem
s an
d lim
ited
to th
e am
ount
of p
hysic
al m
emor
y of
the
host
syst
em a
nd c
an o
nly
run
32-b
it O
S.
Dr. A
hmed
ElS
hafe
e, A
CU :
Fall
2014
, Sel
ecte
d To
pics
in C
ompu
ter N
etw
orks
٢٧
Com
mon
Har
dwar
e:
•Si
nce
the
only
phy
sical
har
dwar
e on
whi
ch th
e VM
s ru
n is
the
sam
e fo
r all
VMs,
this
repr
esen
ts b
oth
bene
fits
and
draw
back
s w
hen
it co
mes
to v
irtua
lizat
ion.
•
Har
dwar
e w
izard
bui
lder
and
sys
tem
flex
ibili
ty a
re b
enef
its o
f a
com
mon
har
dwar
e ar
rang
emen
t.
•H
owev
er, i
f the
OS
and
appl
icat
ion
that
you
wan
t to
virt
ualiz
e ar
e no
t cap
able
of r
unni
ng o
n th
e sy
stem
har
dwar
e or
requ
ire
othe
r har
dwar
e, y
ou’re
out
of l
uck
with
virt
ualiz
atio
n.
Dr
. Ahm
ed E
lSha
fee,
ACU
: Fa
ll 20
14, S
elec
ted
Topi
cs in
Com
pute
r Net
wor
ks
٢٨
Com
mon
Use
s O
f Virt
ualiz
atio
n •
the
mos
t com
mon
are
as in
whi
ch v
irtua
lizat
ion
can
be re
adily
ap
plie
d ar
e:
–ap
plic
atio
n de
velo
pmen
t and
–
test
ing,
–
trai
ning
, –
dem
onst
ratio
ns, a
nd
–he
lp d
esk
envi
ronm
ents
.
Dr. A
hmed
ElS
hafe
e, A
CU :
Fall
2014
, Sel
ecte
d To
pics
in C
ompu
ter N
etw
orks
٢٩
Appl
icat
ion
Deve
lopm
ent a
nd T
estin
g:
•Vi
rtua
lizat
ion
allo
ws
soft
war
e de
velo
pmen
t to
run
mul
tiple
VM
s rat
her t
han
mul
tiple
phy
sical
mac
hine
s.
•W
hen
deve
lopi
ng a
nd t
estin
g an
app
licat
ion,
the
dev
elop
er
mig
ht n
eed
a ne
twor
k of
mac
hine
s:
ada
taba
se s
erve
r, a
tran
sact
ion
serv
er, a
nd a
clie
nt.
•Vi
rtua
lizat
ion
coul
d be
use
d to
run
thi
s ne
twor
k on
one
ph
ysic
al m
achi
ne.
•By
usin
g H
ardw
are
wiza
rd b
uild
er ,
the
deve
lope
r ca
n qu
ickl
y an
d ec
onom
ical
ly
crea
te
the
nece
ssar
y ne
twor
k in
fras
truc
ture
. •
The
deve
lope
r can
repe
ated
ly te
st th
e so
ftw
are
insid
e of
VM
s w
ith th
e ab
ility
to q
uick
ly re
turn
to a
cle
an, k
now
n st
ate
afte
r ea
ch te
st. Dr
. Ahm
ed E
lSha
fee,
ACU
: Fa
ll 20
14, S
elec
ted
Topi
cs in
Com
pute
r Net
wor
ks
٣٠
Trai
ning
: •
Virt
ual m
achi
nes a
re g
reat
tool
s for
impl
emen
ting
trai
ning
and
le
arni
ng.
•
Trai
ning
em
ploy
ees
abou
t new
OSs
and
com
pute
r app
licat
ions
in
volv
es e
xten
sive
amou
nts o
f tim
e an
d ha
rdw
are.
–
For
exam
ple,
if
you
wer
e tr
aini
ng s
tude
nts
to b
e ne
twor
k ad
min
istra
tors
,you
wou
ldne
edto
prov
ide
stud
ents
with
acce
ssto
dem
onst
ratio
n ne
twor
ks.
– Y
ou w
ould
nee
d to
acq
uire
eno
ugh
hard
war
e to
sup
ply
isola
ted
com
pute
r sy
stem
s an
d th
e ne
twor
k in
fras
truc
ture
to p
rovi
de a
n au
then
tic tr
aini
ng e
nviro
nmen
t for
eac
h st
uden
t.
–Ei
ther
you
or
your
stu
dent
s w
ould
nee
d to
inst
all t
he O
Ss a
nd
conf
igur
e th
e co
mpu
ter s
yste
ms a
ppro
pria
tely.
–
Virt
ualiz
atio
n ca
n re
duce
the
am
ount
of
hard
war
e ne
eded
for
the
ne
cess
ary
trai
ning
env
ironm
ents
. Dr
. Ahm
ed E
lSha
fee,
ACU
: Fa
ll 20
14, S
elec
ted
Topi
cs in
Com
pute
r Net
wor
ks
٣١
Trai
ning
(con
tinue
d):
•In
man
y tr
aini
ng e
nviro
nmen
ts, t
he t
rain
ees
will
be
chan
ging
th
e sy
stem
con
figur
atio
n.
•W
hat
happ
ens
if th
ey d
o so
met
hing
acc
iden
tally
wro
ng?
You
do
n’t w
ant t
his h
appe
ning
on
the
phys
ical
syst
em.
•Al
low
s fo
r al
mos
t in
stan
t re
stor
atio
n of
th
e tr
aini
ng
envi
ronm
ent b
y re
stor
ing
pre-
save
d im
ages
of s
yste
m.
•M
ultip
le V
Ms
allo
w fo
r di
ffere
nt le
arni
ng e
nviro
nmen
ts t
o be
ru
nnin
g sim
ulta
neou
sly o
n th
e sa
me
hard
war
e.
Dr. A
hmed
ElS
hafe
e, A
CU :
Fall
2014
, Sel
ecte
d To
pics
in C
ompu
ter N
etw
orks
٣٢
Hel
p De
sks:
•
Hel
p de
sks
mus
t su
ppor
t se
vera
l va
rietie
s of
har
dwar
e an
d so
ftw
are
conf
igur
atio
ns.
•
The
com
bina
tions
of
mul
tiple
Win
dow
s ve
rsio
ns a
nd v
ario
us
appl
icat
ions
bec
omes
infe
asib
le.
•H
elp
desk
per
sonn
el m
ust
mai
ntai
n m
ultip
le c
ompu
ters
or
rest
art
thei
r co
mpu
ters
to
supp
ort
peop
le w
ho u
se v
ario
us
conf
igur
atio
ns.
•
They
mig
ht n
otev
en h
ave
acce
ss t
o a
conf
igur
atio
n th
at a
cu
stom
er is
usin
g, a
nd s
o th
ey m
ust
gues
s or
fly
blin
d w
ith
thei
r ass
istan
ce.
•
Cust
omer
satis
fact
ion
can
suffe
r und
er th
ese
scen
ario
s.
Dr. A
hmed
ElS
hafe
e, A
CU :
Fall
2014
, Sel
ecte
d To
pics
in C
ompu
ter N
etw
orks
٣٣
•U
sing
virt
ualiz
atio
n, h
elp
desk
s are
bet
ter a
ble
to d
uplic
ate
user
s’ e
nviro
nmen
ts, i
nclu
ding
the
OS
and
appl
icat
ions
.
•Fo
r exa
mpl
e, h
elp
desk
per
sonn
el u
sing
Vist
a ca
n su
ppor
t pr
evio
us W
indo
ws O
S by
sim
ply
star
ting
a pr
ebui
lt VM
from
a
save
d st
ate,
whi
ch ta
kes o
nly
seco
nds.
Dr. A
hmed
ElS
hafe
e, A
CU :
Fall
2014
, Sel
ecte
d To
pics
in C
ompu
ter N
etw
orks
٣٤
Cos
t/Ben
efit
Ana
lysi
s Fo
r S
erve
r Virt
ualiz
atio
n •
In m
ost
orga
niza
tions
, dec
idin
g w
heth
er to
go
forw
ard
with
a
proj
ect
is tie
d di
rect
ly t
o th
e pr
ojec
t’s p
rosp
ectiv
e fin
anci
al
bene
fits.
•O
ne o
f the
prim
ary
reas
ons
that
virt
ualiz
atio
n is
such
a v
ital I
T to
pic
is be
caus
e th
at it
pro
mise
s sig
nific
ant p
ayba
ck.
•Th
ere
are
thre
e co
mm
only
use
d m
etho
ds fo
r det
erm
inin
g th
e pr
ojec
ted
finan
cial
val
ue o
f pro
ject
s:
–N
et p
rese
nt v
alue
(NPV
) ana
lysis
–
Retu
rn o
n in
vest
men
t (RO
I) –
Payb
ack
anal
ysis
Dr. A
hmed
ElS
hafe
e, A
CU :
Fall
2014
, Sel
ecte
d To
pics
in C
ompu
ter N
etw
orks
٣٥
•N
et p
rese
nt v
alue
(N
PV)
anal
ysis
is a
met
hod
of c
alcu
latin
g th
e ex
pect
ed n
et m
onet
ary
(mon
ey v
olum
e) g
ain
or lo
ss fr
om
a pr
ojec
t by
disc
ount
ing
all e
xpec
ted
futu
re c
ash
inflo
ws
and
outf
low
s to
the
pres
ent p
oint
in ti
me.
•
Proj
ects
with
a p
ositi
ve N
PV s
houl
d be
con
sider
ed if
fina
ncia
l va
lue
is a
key
crite
rion.
•
The
high
er th
e N
PV, t
he b
ette
r. •
Not
ice
in th
ene
xt s
prea
dshe
et th
at th
e tw
o pr
ojec
ts h
ave
the
sam
e ca
sh fl
ows b
ut d
iffer
ent N
PV.
•(T
he c
ash
flow
rep
rese
nts
the
bene
fits
min
usco
sts
or in
com
e m
inus
exp
ense
s.)
•Th
e N
PV a
ccou
nts
for
the
time
valu
e of
mon
ey (
a do
llar
earn
ed to
day
is w
orth
mor
e th
an a
dol
lar e
arne
d 5
year
s fo
rm
now
). Dr
. Ahm
ed E
lSha
fee,
ACU
: Fa
ll 20
14, S
elec
ted
Topi
cs in
Com
pute
r Net
wor
ks
٣٦
•Th
e di
scou
nt ra
te (s
ee sp
read
shee
t) is
an
indi
rect
mea
sure
of
how
fast
an
inve
stm
ent w
ill p
ay fo
r its
elf.
•Fo
r ex
ampl
e, i
f a
build
ing
ispu
rcha
sed
for
$1,0
00,0
00 s
ale
pric
e an
d it
prod
uces
$10
0,00
0 in
pos
itive
net
ope
ratin
g in
com
e (t
he a
mou
nt l
eft
over
aft
er f
ixed
cos
ts a
nd v
aria
ble
cost
s is
subt
ract
ed fr
om g
ross
leas
e in
com
e) d
urin
g on
e ye
ar,
then
the
disc
ount
rate
is:
$100
,000
/ $1
,000
,000
= 0
.10
= 10
%
•In
the
exam
ple,
the
purc
hase
d bu
ildin
g w
illbe
fully
cap
italiz
ed
(pay
for
itse
lf) a
fter
ten
yea
rs (
100%
div
ided
by
10%
). If
the
capi
taliz
atio
n (d
iscou
nt)
rate
wer
e 5%
, th
e pa
ybac
k pe
riod
wou
ld b
e tw
enty
yea
rs.
Dr
. Ahm
ed E
lSha
fee,
ACU
: Fa
ll 20
14, S
elec
ted
Topi
cs in
Com
pute
r Net
wor
ks
٣٧
Dr. A
hmed
ElS
hafe
e, A
CU :
Fall
2014
, Sel
ecte
d To
pics
in C
ompu
ter N
etw
orks
٣٨
i d
isco
unt r
ate
N
num
ber o
f yea
rs
Rt
cas
h flo
w /
year
t
•Pr
ojec
t 01:
•Pr
ojec
t 02:
Dr. A
hmed
ElS
hafe
e, A
CU :
Fall
2014
, Sel
ecte
d To
pics
in C
ompu
ter N
etw
orks
٣٩
•Pr
ojec
t 01 Dr
. Ahm
ed E
lSha
fee,
ACU
: Fa
ll 20
14, S
elec
ted
Topi
cs in
Com
pute
r Net
wor
ks
٤٠
Dr. A
hmed
ElS
hafe
e, A
CU :
Fall
2014
, Sel
ecte
d To
pics
in C
ompu
ter N
etw
orks
٤١
Dr. A
hmed
ElS
hafe
e, A
CU :
Fall
2014
, Sel
ecte
d To
pics
in C
ompu
ter N
etw
orks
٤٢
•Pr
ojec
t 02
•
Dr. A
hmed
ElS
hafe
e, A
CU :
Fall
2014
, Sel
ecte
d To
pics
in C
ompu
ter N
etw
orks
٤٣
Dr. A
hmed
ElS
hafe
e, A
CU :
Fall
2014
, Sel
ecte
d To
pics
in C
ompu
ter N
etw
orks
٤٤
Dr. A
hmed
ElS
hafe
e, A
CU :
Fall
2014
, Sel
ecte
d To
pics
in C
ompu
ter N
etw
orks
٤٥
Dr. A
hmed
ElS
hafe
e, A
CU :
Fall
2014
, Sel
ecte
d To
pics
in C
ompu
ter N
etw
orks
٤٦
Exam
ple
•Su
ppos
e yo
u go
t 80,
000,
and
you
are
goi
ng to
inve
st th
em.
Cons
ider
you
are
goi
ng to
buy
a n
ew c
ar w
ith th
at a
mou
nt o
f m
oney
, the
n yo
u ar
e go
ing
to re
nt it
for 3
200$
mon
thly.
•
If th
e ex
pect
ed m
aint
enan
ce fe
es/y
ear f
or th
e ca
r is 2
500$
LE.
•
Calc
ulat
e th
e N
PV fo
r the
firs
t fiv
e ye
ar (c
ar li
fe ti
me)
Dr. A
hmed
ElS
hafe
e, A
CU :
Fall
2014
, Sel
ecte
d To
pics
in C
ompu
ter N
etw
orks
٤٧
•
Dr. A
hmed
ElS
hafe
e, A
CU :
Fall
2014
, Sel
ecte
d To
pics
in C
ompu
ter N
etw
orks
٤٨
•
Dr. A
hmed
ElS
hafe
e, A
CU :
Fall
2014
, Sel
ecte
d To
pics
in C
ompu
ter N
etw
orks
٤٩
•
Dr. A
hmed
ElS
hafe
e, A
CU :
Fall
2014
, Sel
ecte
d To
pics
in C
ompu
ter N
etw
orks
٥٠
exam
ple
•Su
ppos
e yo
u go
t 500
,000
, and
you
are
goi
ng to
inve
st th
em.
Cons
ider
you
are
goi
ng to
buy
a n
ew a
part
men
t with
that
am
ount
of m
oney
, the
n yo
u ar
e go
ing
to re
nt it
for 1
5000
$ m
onth
ly.
•If
the
expe
cted
mai
nten
ance
fees
/yea
r for
the
apar
tmen
t is
5000
$.
•Ca
lcul
ate
the
NPV
for t
he fi
rst 5
yea
r
Dr. A
hmed
ElS
hafe
e, A
CU :
Fall
2014
, Sel
ecte
d To
pics
in C
ompu
ter N
etw
orks
٥١
Dr. A
hmed
ElS
hafe
e, A
CU :
Fall
2014
, Sel
ecte
d To
pics
in C
ompu
ter N
etw
orks
٥٢
Dr. A
hmed
ElS
hafe
e, A
CU :
Fall
2014
, Sel
ecte
d To
pics
in C
ompu
ter N
etw
orks
٥٣
Dr. A
hmed
ElS
hafe
e, A
CU :
Fall
2014
, Sel
ecte
d To
pics
in C
ompu
ter N
etw
orks
٥٤
•Re
turn
on
inve
stm
ent
(RO
I) is
calc
ulat
ed b
y su
btra
ctin
g th
e pr
ojec
t cos
ts fr
om th
e be
nefit
s an
d th
en d
ivid
ing
by th
e co
sts
RO
I =
(tot
al d
isco
unte
d be
nefit
s -
tota
l di
scou
nted
cos
ts)
/ to
tal
disc
ount
ed c
osts
•
For e
xam
ple,
if y
ou in
vest
$10
0 to
day
and
next
yea
r it i
s w
orth
$1
10, y
our R
OI i
s (11
0-10
0)/1
00 o
r 10%
. •
The
high
er th
e RO
I, th
e be
tter
. M
any
orga
niza
tions
use
RO
I in
the
proj
ect
sele
ctio
n pr
oces
s. M
ost
f IT
deci
sions
req
uire
d an
RO
I ana
lysis
. •
Man
y or
gani
zatio
ns
have
a re
quire
d ra
te
of
retu
rn
or
min
imum
ac
cept
able
ra
teof
re
turn
on
in
vest
men
t fo
r pr
ojec
ts.
•In
tern
al r
ate
of r
etur
n (IR
R) c
an b
y ca
lcul
ated
by
findi
ng t
he
disc
ount
rate
that
mak
es th
e N
PV e
qual
to ze
ro.
Dr
. Ahm
ed E
lSha
fee,
ACU
: Fa
ll 20
14, S
elec
ted
Topi
cs in
Com
pute
r Net
wor
ks
٥٥
•An
othe
r im
port
ant f
inan
cial
con
sider
atio
n is
payb
ack
anal
ysis
•Th
e pa
ybac
kpe
riod
is th
e am
ount
of
time
it w
ill t
ake
to
reco
up,
in t
he f
orm
of
net
cash
inf
low
s, t
he t
otal
mon
ey
inve
sted
in a
pro
ject
. •
Payb
ack
occu
rs w
hen
the
net
cum
ulat
ive
disc
ount
ed b
enef
its
equa
ls th
e co
sts.
•
Man
y or
gani
zatio
ns w
ant
IT p
roje
cts
to h
ave
a fa
irly
shor
t pa
ybac
k pe
riod.
Dr. A
hmed
ElS
hafe
e, A
CU :
Fall
2014
, Sel
ecte
d To
pics
in C
ompu
ter N
etw
orks
٥٦
Dr. A
hmed
ElS
hafe
e, A
CU :
Fall
2014
, Sel
ecte
d To
pics
in C
ompu
ter N
etw
orks
٥٧
•
Dr. A
hmed
ElS
hafe
e, A
CU :
Fall
2014
, Sel
ecte
d To
pics
in C
ompu
ter N
etw
orks
٥٨
exam
ple
•Pr
ojec
t 2
Fi
nd
•N
PV/y
ear
•RO
I •
Payb
ack
perio
d
Dr. A
hmed
ElS
hafe
e, A
CU :
Fall
2014
, Sel
ecte
d To
pics
in C
ompu
ter N
etw
orks
٥٩
Dr. A
hmed
ElS
hafe
e, A
CU :
Fall
2014
, Sel
ecte
d To
pics
in C
ompu
ter N
etw
orks
٦٠
Dr. A
hmed
ElS
hafe
e, A
CU :
Fall
2014
, Sel
ecte
d To
pics
in C
ompu
ter N
etw
orks
٦١
Dr. A
hmed
ElS
hafe
e, A
CU :
Fall
2014
, Sel
ecte
d To
pics
in C
ompu
ter N
etw
orks
٦٢
Dr. A
hmed
ElS
hafe
e, A
CU :
Fall
2014
, Sel
ecte
d To
pics
in C
ompu
ter N
etw
orks
٦٣
Dr. A
hmed
ElS
hafe
e, A
CU :
Fall
2014
, Sel
ecte
d To
pics
in C
ompu
ter N
etw
orks
٦٤
Dr. A
hmed
ElS
hafe
e, A
CU :
Fall
2014
, Sel
ecte
d To
pics
in C
ompu
ter N
etw
orks
٦٥
exam
ple
•Pr
ojec
t 03
Fi
nd
•N
PV/y
ear
•RO
I•
Payb
ack
perio
d
Dr. A
hmed
ElS
hafe
e, A
CU :
Fall
2014
, Sel
ecte
d To
pics
in C
ompu
ter N
etw
orks
٦٦
Dr. A
hmed
ElS
hafe
e, A
CU :
Fall
2014
, Sel
ecte
d To
pics
in C
ompu
ter N
etw
orks
٦٧
Dr. A
hmed
ElS
hafe
e, A
CU :
Fall
2014
, Sel
ecte
d To
pics
in C
ompu
ter N
etw
orks
٦٨
Dr. A
hmed
ElS
hafe
e, A
CU :
Fall
2014
, Sel
ecte
d To
pics
in C
ompu
ter N
etw
orks
٦٩
Dr. A
hmed
ElS
hafe
e, A
CU :
Fall
2014
, Sel
ecte
d To
pics
in C
ompu
ter N
etw
orks
٧٠
•
Dr. A
hmed
ElS
hafe
e, A
CU :
Fall
2014
, Sel
ecte
d To
pics
in C
ompu
ter N
etw
orks
٧١
Dr. A
hmed
ElS
hafe
e, A
CU :
Fall
2014
, Sel
ecte
d To
pics
in C
ompu
ter N
etw
orks
٧٢
•
Dr. A
hmed
ElS
hafe
e, A
CU :
Fall
2014
, Sel
ecte
d To
pics
in C
ompu
ter N
etw
orks
٧٣
Dr. A
hmed
ElS
hafe
e, A
CU :
Fall
2014
, Sel
ecte
d To
pics
in C
ompu
ter N
etw
orks
٧٤
Exam
ple
(car
)
•Su
ppos
e yo
u go
t 80,
000,
and
you
are
goi
ng to
inve
st th
em.
Cons
ider
you
are
goi
ng to
buy
a n
ew c
ar w
ith th
at a
mou
nt o
f m
oney
, the
n yo
u ar
e go
ing
to re
nt it
for 3
200$
mon
thly.
•
If th
e ex
pect
ed m
aint
enan
ce fe
es/y
ear f
or th
e ca
r is 2
500$
LE.
•
Calc
ulat
e th
e N
PV fo
r the
firs
t fiv
e ye
ar (c
ar li
fe ti
me)
•
ROI
•Pa
ybac
k pe
riod
Dr. A
hmed
ElS
hafe
e, A
CU :
Fall
2014
, Sel
ecte
d To
pics
in C
ompu
ter N
etw
orks
٧٥
Dr. A
hmed
ElS
hafe
e, A
CU :
Fall
2014
, Sel
ecte
d To
pics
in C
ompu
ter N
etw
orks
٧٦
Dr. A
hmed
ElS
hafe
e, A
CU :
Fall
2014
, Sel
ecte
d To
pics
in C
ompu
ter N
etw
orks
٧٧
Dr. A
hmed
ElS
hafe
e, A
CU :
Fall
2014
, Sel
ecte
d To
pics
in C
ompu
ter N
etw
orks
٧٨
Dr. A
hmed
ElS
hafe
e, A
CU :
Fall
2014
, Sel
ecte
d To
pics
in C
ompu
ter N
etw
orks
٧٩
Dr. A
hmed
ElS
hafe
e, A
CU :
Fall
2014
, Sel
ecte
d To
pics
in C
ompu
ter N
etw
orks
٨٠
Dr. A
hmed
ElS
hafe
e, A
CU :
Fall
2014
, Sel
ecte
d To
pics
in C
ompu
ter N
etw
orks
٨١
Exam
ple
(apa
rtm
ent)
•Su
ppos
e yo
u go
t 500
,000
, and
you
are
goi
ng to
inve
st th
em.
Cons
ider
you
are
goi
ng to
buy
a n
ew c
ar w
ith th
at a
mou
nt o
f m
oney
, the
n yo
u ar
e go
ing
to re
nt it
for 7
500$
mon
thly.
•
If th
e ex
pect
ed m
aint
enan
ce fe
es/y
ear f
or th
e ca
r is 5
00$.
•
Calc
ulat
e th
e N
PV fo
r the
firs
t ten
yea
r •
ROI
•Pa
ybac
k pe
riod
Dr. A
hmed
ElS
hafe
e, A
CU :
Fall
2014
, Sel
ecte
d To
pics
in C
ompu
ter N
etw
orks
٨٢
Dr. A
hmed
ElS
hafe
e, A
CU :
Fall
2014
, Sel
ecte
d To
pics
in C
ompu
ter N
etw
orks
٨٣
Dr. A
hmed
ElS
hafe
e, A
CU :
Fall
2014
, Sel
ecte
d To
pics
in C
ompu
ter N
etw
orks
٨٤
Dr. A
hmed
ElS
hafe
e, A
CU :
Fall
2014
, Sel
ecte
d To
pics
in C
ompu
ter N
etw
orks
٨٥
Dr. A
hmed
ElS
hafe
e, A
CU :
Fall
2014
, Sel
ecte
d To
pics
in C
ompu
ter N
etw
orks
٨٦
Dr. A
hmed
ElS
hafe
e, A
CU :
Fall
2014
, Sel
ecte
d To
pics
in C
ompu
ter N
etw
orks
٨٧
Dr. A
hmed
ElS
hafe
e, A
CU :
Fall
2014
, Sel
ecte
d To
pics
in C
ompu
ter N
etw
orks
٨٨
•As
a sy
stem
adm
inist
rato
r you
may
be
in c
harg
e of
per
form
ing
a pr
ojec
t’s c
ost/
bene
fit a
naly
sis.
It is
impo
rtan
t th
at y
ou
unde
rsta
nd h
ow to
app
roac
h su
ch a
pro
ject
. •
Hav
ing
a do
cum
ente
d fin
anci
al a
naly
sis i
s su
re t
o he
lp y
ou
com
mun
icat
e th
e be
nefit
s of
a p
roje
ct, w
heth
er it
dea
ls w
ith
virt
ualiz
atio
n or
not
, and
it c
an h
elp
you
to “
sell”
the
pro
ject
to
dec
ision
mak
ers.
Dr. A
hmed
ElS
hafe
e, A
CU :
Fall
2014
, Sel
ecte
d To
pics
in C
ompu
ter N
etw
orks
٨٩
•Th
ere
are
man
y di
ffere
nt t
echn
ique
s th
at c
an b
e ut
ilize
d to
pr
epar
e a
cost
/ben
efit
finan
cial
an
alys
is.
W
e’ll
focu
s on
st
anda
rd a
ppro
ach
that
invo
lves
a fi
ve st
ep p
roce
ss.
•Th
e fiv
e st
eps
you’
ll ne
ed to
acc
ompl
ish a
re:
1.De
fine
your
pro
pose
d vi
rtua
lizat
ion
sche
me.
2.
Esta
blish
the
curr
ent c
ost s
truc
ture
. 3.
Iden
tify
the
virt
ualiz
atio
n pr
ojec
t’s c
osts
. 4.
Iden
tifyi
ng th
e be
nefit
s of
the
prop
osed
virt
ualiz
atio
n so
lutio
n.
5.Cr
eate
the
virt
ualiz
atio
n pr
ojec
t’s o
verv
iew
spr
eads
heet
.
Dr. A
hmed
ElS
hafe
e, A
CU :
Fall
2014
, Sel
ecte
d To
pics
in C
ompu
ter N
etw
orks
٩٠
To b
e co
ntin
ue,..
Th
anks
,..
See
you
next
wee
k (IS
A),…
Dr.
Ahm
ed E
lSha
fee,
ACU
: Fa
ll 20
14, S
elec
ted
Topi
cs in
Co
mpu
ter N
etw
orks
٩١
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