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INTRODUCTION TO PIPING

Pipe sections when joined with fittings, valves and other mechanical equipment and properly supported by hangers and supports are called PIPING.

The Piping systems are an essential and integral part of our modern civilization just as arteries & veins and are mainly used for transportation of liquid or gases.

The piping systems in thermal power plants are used to convey high-pressure and high-temperature steam to generate electricity. Other piping systems in a power plant transport high-and low-pressure water, chemicals, low-pressure steam, and condensate.

Piping systems are used in hospitals to transport gases and fluids for medical purposes. The piping systems are used in laboratories carry gases, chemicals, vapors and other fluids that are critical for conducting research and development.

If you have strong visualization power and if you are very keen in learning every day in your life then only there is a huge scope in Piping System Design, Construction of Piping, operation, maintenance of various piping systems including Inspection and Testing.

To work in this field one need to understand the basic piping fundamentals, various materials used in projects & selection criteria, specific design considerations, fabrication & installation, testing & inspection requirements.

BASIC ENGINEERING • Block Flow Diagrams (BFD): Very simple diagrams composed of rectangles and lines indicating major

material or energy flows. • Process Flow Diagrams (PFD's): Typically more complex diagrams of major unit operations as well as

flow lines. They usually include a material balance, and sometimes an energy balance, showing typical or design flow rates, stream compositions, and stream and equipment pressures and temperatures.

• Piping and Instrumentation Diagrams (P&ID's): Diagrams showing each and every pipeline with piping class (carbon

steel or stainless steel) and pipe size (diameter). They also show valving along with instrument locations and process control schemes.

• Piping Layout (Orthographic- Plans and Elevations) Piping layout is developed in both plan view and elevation

view and section details are added for clarity wherever necessary. These drawings are called the General Arrangement of Piping.

• Isometrics – (Pictorial - Isometric Views) In complex piping system, especially within the

unit/plant building where orthographic views do not illustrate the details of design, pictorial view in isometric presentation is drawn for clarity.

Equipment LayoutEquipment Layout is just that-where pieces of equipment, such as displays

and controls, are laid out in relation to everything else around them.We also have to fix the co-ordinates (North East) of the Equipment in

layout.

ABBREVIATION LINES / SIGNALS

PIPING SERVICES

• FO = FUEL OIL.• HPS = HIGH PRESSURE STEAM.• MPS = MEDIUM PRESSURE STEAM.• LPS = LOW PRESSURE STEAM.• HPC = HIGH PRESSURE CONDENSATE.• MPC = MEDIUM PRESS. CONDENSATE.• LPC = LOW PRESSURE STEAM. • HOS = HOT OIL SUPPLY.• HOR = HOT OIL RETURN.• HWS = HOT WATER SUPPLY.

• HWR = HOT WATER VRETURN.• CWS = COOLING WATER SUPPLY.• CWR = COOLING WATER RETURN.• CHWS = CHILLED WATER SUPPLY.• CHWR = CHILLED WATER RETURN.• CHBS = CHILLED BRINE SUPPLY.• CHBR = CHILLED BRINE RETURN.• CA = COMPRESSED AIR. • IA = INSTRUMENT AIR • V = VENT / VAPOUR.• N2 = NITROGEN.• PW = PROCESS WATER.• P = PROCESS.• IW = INDUSTRIAL WASTER.

EQUIPMENT

• R = REACTOR• T = TANK.• HE = HEAT EXCHANGER.• B = BLOWER.• D = DIKE• J = EJECTOR.• V = VESSEL.• C = COLUMN.• P = PUMP. • K = COMPRESSOR.

• S = SUMP.• F = FILTER.• AG = AGITATOR.• H = FURNACE.• M = MOTOR.• SC = SCRUBBER.• X = MISCELLNEOUS.

INSULATION

• IC = COLD INSULATION.• IH = HOT INSULATION.• IP = PERS, PROTECTION INSULATION

MOSTLY USING

• SMLS = SEAMLESS • BBE = BEVEL BOTH END• THD= THREADED• BW = BUTT WELDED• SW = SOCKET WELDED• EQ.TEE= EQUAL TEE• RED.TEE = REDUCING TEE• ELB = ELBOW• VOL = VOLUME• VLV= VALVE• EL = ELEVATION• FLG= FLANGE• SCH = SCHEDULE• THK= THICKNESS• EQPT. = EQUIPMENT• NB = NOMINAL BORE

• NS = NOMINAL SIZE• BE = BEVELED END• FSU = FLAT SIDE UP• FSD = FLAT SIDE DOWN• SWT = SOCKET WELDED TEE• BWT = BUTT WELDED TEE• S = SOCKOLET• W = WELDOLET• SOB = SET ON BRANCH• SPW = SPIRAL WOUND• SORF = SLIP ON RAISE FACE.• SOFF = SLIP ON FLAT FACE.• WN = WELD NECK.

THANK YOU

BY - MADHUR MAHAJAN