introduction to one health (and planetary health) · introduction to one health (and planetary ......

INTRODUCTION TO ONE HEALTH (AND PLANETARY HEALTH)Dirk PfeifferChair Professor of One HealthDirector of Centre for Applied One Health Research and Policy Advice

Conference on Sustainability in AsiaPartnerships for Research and ImplementationApril 6-7, 2017Hong Kong

One Health and Planetary Health

One Healtho integrated effort of

multiple disciplines to achieve optimal health for human, animal and environment

Planetary Healtho health of human

civilisation and state of natural systems on which it depends

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Image from: http://barfblog.com/tags/one-health/

ContextSocietal, cultural andecological influences

Livestock production

Goal(s)eg public health, economic security, social stability, animal and environmental health

Animals

EnvironmentHumans

Disease emergence

Institutional context• Animal and human health service

• Patterns, provision and access• Regulation and governance

From: Steffen et al. Science 2015;347:1259855

Current Status of Planetary Boundaries

Antibiotic Residue Pathways in Ecosystems

Silvia Berkner et al. EMBO Rep. 2014;15:740-744©2014 by European Molecular Biology Organization

HUMAN BEHAVIOUR AND ZOONOTIC DISEASE

Poultry and Avian Influenza

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Growth of Meat Consumption 1961 to 2025

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0

10

20

30

40

50

60

70

Mea

t (kg

/per

son/

year

)

World ChinaData source: FAOSTAT and OECD

Spatial Distribution of HPAI H5N1 in S & SE Asia since 2010

AI data source: FAO Empres-i

Tét Holidays and AI Outbreaks in Vietnam (2004 – Mar 2017)

Updated from: Pfeiffer et al 2007 -

The Veterinary Journal

Tét holiday periodsData source: FAO Empres-i

Trader

Commune

♦

Network Analysis of Poultry Trade in Northern Vietnam

From: Magalhaes et al 2010 - BMC Vet Research

Free Grazing Duck Flocks in Mekong Delta of Vietnam

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Source: A Meyer, T Vergne

Role of Fighting Cocks? common throughout

South-East Asia cultural significance organised fighting cock industry,

including breederso official gambling industry

informal cock fightingo most rural households involvedo fighting cocks recruited from backyard

chickens• less controlled by authorities

From: Høg et al submitted

Chicken Transaction Chain: Example of Business Relations (Cash, Chickens and Credit) in Chittagong, Bangladesh

Hatchery

Feed dealer

Farmer

Feed company

Field veterinarian

Medicinedealer

Middlemen

Broker

LBMpoultry shop

LBMwholesaler

LBM poultry shop

andwholesaler

Explaining Practices associated with Chicken Slaughter at Live Bird Markets in Chittagong, Bangladesh habituation

o current practices have become habituated

lack of self-risk perceptiono most workers see no risk

necessityo workers have no occupational

alternative confidence

o bare handed approach is a tactic of risk avoidance to conciliate consumers

From: Høg et al submitted

adapted from V. Martin, FAO-AGA

HPAIV H5N1 Transmission in S & SE-Asia

Social, economic and political factors

Science

Risk Management

Factors influencing Effectiveness of Risk Management

policy measures

policy impact

scientific knowledge

stakeholder acceptance

availability of resources

legislation, governance

variation of values within society

uncertainty

?

Global Chicken Meat Trade Network (Top 25% Importers in 2013)

From: FAOSTAT

Shanghai

Kampala

Ambient Density of Human Population in Megacities

FROM: URBANAGE.LSECITIES.NET

New York City Hong Kong

London

Mumbai

Conclusions eco-social systems changing rapidly

o increasing urbanisationo increasing demand for food, including meat

need to better understando socio-economic and anthropological drivers of zoonotic

disease risk• food trade networks• biosecurity behaviour along value chains

need to develop cost-effective surveillance and control policies based on inter- and transdisciplinary approacheso improved monitoring and management of national and

international tradeo need to effectively influence human behaviour along food

value chains

THANK YOU VERY MUCH

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