introduction to health care lecture #1 nur101 fall 2009 k. burger, msed, msn, rn, cne
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Introduction to Health Care
Concepts of NursingThe Nursing roleNursing described
Theoretical FrameworksNursing theorists – common themesStress and AdaptationNursing Process
NursingAn ART and SCIENCE
Caring: nursing is caring for and about people
Individualized: nursing is adapting to each persons needs
Holistic: nursing views the ENTIRE person including physical, spiritual, social, psychological and economic needs
NursingAn ART and SCIENCE
Interpersonal: nursing involves individuals, families, groups - each interrelated
Reasoning: nursing is a science that requires critical thinking
Comprehensive: nursing involves health promotion, disease prevention, health restoration and care of the dying
Concepts of NursingNursing Defined
ANA (American Nurses Association) 2003 Nursing is the protection, promotion, and optimization of health and abilities, prevention of illness and injury, alleviation of suffering through the diagnosis and treatment of human response, and advocacy in the care of individuals, families, communities and populations
Concepts of NursingNursing Leaders
Florence Nightingale- 1800’s …manipulation of the environment of the patient to assist him in his recovery…
Virginia Henderson- 1960’s…. nursing practice as independent from the practice of medicine…viewed the patient as an individual needing help toward independence.
The Nursing Role
Involves many facets of the health-care delivery system: preventive care primary care secondary care tertiary care restorative care continuing care
Nursing is a PROFESSION
Theoretical Framework
Professional Organization
Autonomy
Code of Ethics
EducationalRequirements
Characteristicsof a
PROFESSION
Standards of Professional Performance
Defined for the health profession by the: Pew Health Professions Commission 21 Competencies for the Twenty-first Century
with emphasis on ethical responsibilities, evidence-based clinical competencies, primary and preventative care, community health advocacy, and continuing education.
Standards of Professional Performance
Defined for the registered nurse by the American Nurses Association (ANA) in the areas of:Quality of practice EducationProfessional practice evaluationCollegialityCollaborationEthicsResearchResource utilizationLeadership
Standards for Professional Performance
Defined by the SCCC School of Nursing in its 17 Program Objectives and Progression of Core Components (see
student handbook) Professional Behaviors
Communication Assessment Clinical Decision Making Caring Interventions Teaching and Learning Collaboration Managing Care
Nursing Theory
Theory helps provide knowledge to improve practice
Theoretical knowledge provides nurses with increased power
Theory provides autonomyTheory helps develop critical thinking
Common Nursing Theory Elements
Human beings benefit from nursing care Human beings have inner capacity to improve
health Understanding human beings will improve and
facilitate nursing care People interact with each other Health is more then biological needs Improved health is goal of society Health has a positive value
Interdisciplinary Theories
Maslow: hierarchy of basic human needsErikson: psychosocial developmentPiaget: cognitive developmentSystems theory Health and Wellness theoryStress and Adaptation theory
Health and Wellness
Traditionally health and illness were viewed as two separate entities
WHO (World Health Organization) defines health as “the state of complete physical, mental, and social well-being and not merely the absence of disease or infirmity”
Currently viewed as: Health-Illness Continuum
Health - Illness Continuum
Measures a person’s perception of health
Constantly changing state
High level wellness at one end, normal health in the center and illness-death at the opposite end
Stress and Adaptation
Stressors = disruptive forcesAdaptations = reactions to stress and
stressors Nursing acts to develop interventions to
reduce or prevent stressors
Caring in Nursing Practice
Caring is a “universal phenomenon”Caring is “at the heart of a nurse’s ability”
to deliver respectful, therapeutic care.Caring behaviors include:
-providing presence-using touch appropriately-listening attentively-knowing the client
Critical Thinking Exercise
Lindsey is a senior nursing student assigned to care for Mrs. Lowe, a 62-year-old client being treated for lymphoma (cancer of the lymph nodes). Mrs. Lowe is to receive an injection for her pain. In what way can Lindsay show caring in the way she administers the injection to Mrs. Lowe?
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