introduction to energy flow
Post on 18-Jan-2015
2.402 Views
Preview:
DESCRIPTION
TRANSCRIPT
Introduction to ENERGY FLOW
FOOD CHAINS& WEBS
sun eclipse with palmthe ultimate energy source
Energy Flow in Ecosystems
Energy flows from where into the biological world?
Energy FlowHow does the sun’s energy
enter the biological world?What is photosynthesis?
Energy Flow
The sun’s energy flows into organisms that can change the sunlight into food then into organisms that eat them.
This flow is:
sunlight producer consumer 1 consumer 2
Do you get more energy from the baked potato or
the steak?
producer
detritivore
omnivore
carnivore
herbivore
consumer
decomposer
autotrophheterotroph
PRODUCERS What are producers? Autotrophs that trap solar energy
into organic molecules during photosynthesis; can produce their own food
Ex. Plants, algae and some bacteria
sunlight producer consumer 1 consumer 2
CONSUMERS What are consumers? Heterotrophs that eat other
organisms to obtain energy Examples: deer, rabbits, cows,
mice, lions, humans, hawks, snakes
sunlight producer consumer 1 consumer 2
HERBIVORES
What are herbivores? Organisms that eat
plants Primary Consumers Ex. Cows, caterpillars, bunnies
sunlight producer consumer 1 consumer 2
CARNIVORES
What are carnivores? Organisms that eat meat (other
animals/consumers) Secondary Consumers Ex. tigers, wolves, snakes, hawks
sunlight producer consumer 1 consumer 2
TOP CARNIVORES What is a top-level carnivore? Top-level carnivores eat
secondary consumers; usually nothing feeds on them
Ex. killer whale eating a sea lion or hawk eating a snake.
sunlight producer consumer 1 consumer 2
consumer 3
OMNIVORES What are omnivores? Consumers that eat both plants
and animals Primary and Secondary
Consumers Ex. bears and humans
Where do allthe dead things go?
They are eaten. YUMMMM!
They decay. SMELLY!
What’s the difference?Is it just a matter of taste?
decomposerdetri
tivore
Detritivore vs Decomposers
Detritivores and decomposers both feed on the remains of dead plants and animals and other dead matter (detritus)
They rely on dead tissues for nutrients.
detritiv
oredeco
mposer
Detritivore vs Decomposers
Detritivores eat the remains of dead plants and animals
Decomposers breakdown (decay) organic matter and feed on it
Crabs, mites, earthworms, snails
Bacteria & fungi
Detritivores and Decomposers
What is a scavenger?
A scavengers is a type of detritivore that feeds on carrion (dead animal remains). Ex. vultures, sharks,
maggots, hyenas
Detritivores and Decomposers
On what do detritivores and decomposers feed?
Detritivores and Decomposers
Why would they be called the environmental “recyclers”?
They decompose excrement, dead bodies and leaf litter, returning
nutrients to the physical environment. consumer 3
sunlight producer consumer 1 consumer 2
decomposer
Energy Flow
The series of steps in which organisms transfer energy by eating and being eaten is called a
Food Chain
sunlight producer consumer 1 consumer 2
Food Chains & Food Webs The steps in the transfer of energy
from organism to organism in feeding relationships are called
Trophic Levels. How does a food chain describe
this path of energy? (arrows)
producer consumer 1 consumer 2 consumer 3
Food Chains & Food Webs
Name the number of the trophic levels in the food chain below.
How do the trophic level numbers correspond with the “eating terms”?
producer consumer 1 consumer 2 consumer 3
TrophicLevel 1 2 3 4
Food Chains & Food Webs What important energy transfer is
not shown in a food chain? Why is it that some energy is lost
from one level to the next level? How much energy is actually
passed on to the next level? (rule of thumb)
producer consumer 1 consumer 2 consumer 3
Food Chains & Food Webs What vital “recycler” is not shown
in this food chain? Upon which organism(s) would it
feed?
producer consumer 1 consumer 2 consumer 3
decomposer
Food Chains & Food Webs If all of the snakes in this chain died,
what would happen to the hawk? To the decomposers?
producer consumer 1 consumer 2 consumer 3
decomposer
Food Chains & Food Webs Most organisms feed on more than
one trophic level and feed on several different species at each trophic level. This is a food web.
Arctic Food Web
http://www.arctic.noaa.gov/essay_krembsdeming.html
Rangeland Prairie Food Web
Works Cited
“Ring of Fire” Solar Eclipse with Palm, Online Image, http://antwrp.gsfc.nasa.gov/apod/ap030530.html, Dennis Mammana, Skyscapes
Grizzly Bear Eating Salmon – Mineral Management courtesy of GeekPhilosopher.com http://geekphilosopher.com/bkg/anGrizzlyBearFish.htm
Dead Armadillo – National Biological Information Infrastructure, images.nbii.gov/guyra.php
Artic Food Web – National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration http://www.arctic.noaa.gov/essay_krembsdeming.htm
Scavenger Condors – US Fish & Wildlife Service Pacific Region. http://www.fws.gov/hoppermountain/cacondor/condorprehistory.htmll
Works Cited Dung Beetle – Wikipedia, http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Dung_beetle
Rangeland Soil Food Web – National Science & Technology Center http://www.blm.gov/nstc/soil/foodweb/
Ofelia the cow –Bush Crawford Ranch– courtesy of GeekPhilosopher.com http://geekphilosopher.com/bkg/cowOfeliaCrawford.htm
Sunset over Africa – US Fish and Wildlife photo courtesy of GeekPhlosopher.com http://geekphilosopher.com/bkg/skySunsetAfrica.htm
Sun Through Trees – USDA photo courtesy of Geek Philosopher.com http://geekphilosopher.com/bkg/skySunriseTrees.htm
Biology Curriculum Writing Team, Plano Independent School District
top related