introduction to emergency medical care emergency medical technician - basic

INTRODUCTION TO EMERGENCY MEDICAL

CARE

EMERGENCY MEDICAL TECHNICIAN - BASIC

Origins of EMS

• Department of Transportation (DOT)– Highway Safety Act of 1966

• Department of Health and Human Services (DHHS)– Emergency Medical Act of 1973

National Standard Curriculum

• Developed by DOT– First developed in early 1970’s– Current - 1994

• Purpose– Standardization of Training Programs– Standardization of Levels of Certification– Standardization of Patient Care

Components of an EMS System

• Advisory Council• Medical Direction

– The process used by the Medical community to assure quality and accountability in the delivery of pre-hospital care

– On-line– Off-line

• Protocols

• Quality Improvement

Components of an EMS System

• EMT Training– Initial– Continuing Education

• Instructor Training

Components of an EMS System• Communications Systems

– System Communication• Radio• Cellular

– System Access• 911• Other easily remembered numbers

Dispatch Center (located at designated hospitals)

Components of an EMS System

• Ambulance Service– Well Designed– Well Equipped– Well Maintained– Well Trained Staff

• Initial

• Continuing Education

Components of an EMS System

• System Evaluation– Risk Management/Loss Control– Outcome Studies– System Status Management

• Disaster Plans– Major Incident Response

• Designed by EMS

• Designed to Integrate with Other Agencies

Continuum of Care

• 1st Phase - Out of Hospital Care

• 2nd Phase - Emergency Department Care

• 3rd Phase - Definitive Care

EMS RELATED AGENCIES

• First Responders

• Law Enforcement– Police– Sheriff's Department– Department of Public Safety– Federal

EMS RELATED AGENCIES

• Fire Department

• Regional Organizations

• California Department of Health

Roles & Responsibilities

• Safety– Priorities

• Yourself

• Partner

• By-standers

• Patient

Roles & Responsibilities

• Safety (cont.)– Safe Behaviors

• Health– No Destructive Activities– Rest– Conditioning– Do not push body past limitations (Mentally and Physically)– Wear Personal Protective Equipment

• Survey Scene– Look for Hazards– Listen to Others

Roles & Responsibilities of EMT-Basic

• Patient Care– Patient Assessment– Basic Life Support– Mechanical Aids to Breathing– Pulse-Oximetry– Semi-Automatic External Defibrillator– Pneumatic Anti-Shock Garment (PASG or

MAST)

Roles & Responsibilities of EMT-Basic

• Patient Care (cont.)– Hand-held Metered Dose Nebulizers– Epinephrine Auto-injectors (Epi pens)– Nitroglycerin– Aspirin– Charcoal

Roles & Responsibilities of EMT-Basic

• Patient Care (cont.)– Oral Glucose– Bandaging & Splinting / Traction Splinting– Emergency Childbirth – Spinal Immobilization– Advanced Airway (Optional)

EMT-Intermediate Roles & Responsibilities

• Patient Care - Intermediate– Intermediate Patient Assessment– Advanced Airway

• Esophageal Airways

• Endotracheal Intubation (Oral & Nasal)

• Cricothyrotomy (Needle & Surgical)

• End-tidal CO2 Monitoring

EMT-Intermediate Roles & Responsibilities

• Patient Care - Intermediate (Cont.)– Vascular Access

• Intravenous

• Intraosseus

– Gastric Tube Placement (Oral & Nasal)– Pleural Decompression

EMT-Intermediate Roles & Responsibilities

• Patient Care - Intermediate– Drug Therapy– Intermediate Recordkeeping– Intermediate Radio Communication

EMT-Paramedic Roles & Responsibilities

• Patient Care - Paramedic– Advanced Patient Assessment– Drug Administration Techniques– EKG Interpretation– Defibrillation/Cardioversion

EMT-Paramedic Roles & Responsibilities

• Patient Care - Paramedic (Cont.)– External Pacemakers– IV Infusion Pumps– Mechanical Ventilators– Urinary catherization

Roles & Responsibilities of all EMS

• Extrication & Rescue

• Transport

• Transfer of Care

• Communications

• Records & Reports

Roles & Responsibilities of all EMS

• Patient Advocacy

• Maintenance– Vehicle Maintenance– Equipment Maintenance– Self

Personal Attitude & Conduct• Professionalism

– Appearance

– Attitude

– Manner

– Speech

– Writing

– Knowledge & Skills• Participation in Continuing Education

• Participation in Quality Insurance

Personal Attitude & Conduct

• Confidence

• Compassion

• Empathy

• Leadership

Personal Attitude & Conduct

• Sound Judgement

• Good Moral Character

• Stability

• Adaptability

California EMT-B Certification

• Requirements– Successfully complete an approved EMT-

Basic course– Submit to state:

• Course Completion Certificate• Completed EMS Personnel Application• application fees (if not exempt)

– Schedule National registry and state exam appointment through your EMT-Basic course