introduction to cryogenic storage tanks · 2020. 5. 27. · storage tanks 1 1. applicable code...

In The Name of God

INTRODUCTION TO CRYOGENIC

STORAGE TANKS

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Applicable code

Storage Tank Design

ATM

AWWA

API 650

P<2.5 Psi

BS 2654

EN 14015

LPS

API 620

2.5 < P < 15 Psi

EN 14620

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GRYOGENIC STORAGE TANK

TYPES OF STORAGEREFRIGERATED STORAGEPRESSURIZED STORAGEATMOSPHERIC PRESSURE STORAGE

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BUTANE-0.5

BUTADIENE-4.5

LIQUFIED GASES

AMMONIA-33

PROPANE-42

ETHANE-88

PROPYLENE-47

ETHYLENE-103

METHANE-161

LNG-162NITROGEN

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Cryogenic tank code history

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Types of cryogenic tank

SINGLE CONTAINMENT

DOUBLE CONTAINMENT

FULL CONTAINMENT

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SINGLE CONTAINMENT

1 primary container (steel)

①

3 foundation

③

4 foundation heating system

④

6 roof (steel)

⑥

7 loose fill insulation

⑦

8 outer steel shell (not capable of containing liquid)

⑧

9 bund wall

⑨

2 bottom insulation

②

5 suspended roof (insulated)

⑤

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DOUBLE CONTAINMENT

2 secondary container (steel or concrete)

②

4 foundation

④

5 foundation heating system

⑤

6 suspended roof (insulated)

⑥

7 roof (steel)

⑦

8 loose fill insulation

⑧

1 primary container (steel)

①

9 outer shell (not capable of containing liquid)

⑨

10 cover (rain shield)

⑩

3 bottom insulation

③

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8 loose fill insulation

FULL CONTAINMENT

1 primary container (steel)2 secondary container (steel)3 bottom insulation4 foundation5 foundation heating system

6 suspended roof (insulated)7 roof (steel)

9 concrete roof10 pre-stressed concrete outer tank(secondary container)

③④

⑥

⑦

⑧

⑨②

⑤

①

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FULL CONTAINMENT

2.5 〜 3 km

CREDIBLE SPILL (by EN1473) for SINGLE CONTAINMENT

VAPOUR DISPERSION SCENARIO

Tank Complete Failure

Plant fence

Public FacilitiesVapor

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FULL CONTAINMENT

800 m

CREDIBLE SPILL （by EN1473) for DOUBLE CONTAINMENT,

Roof Collaspe

Plant fence

Public Facilities

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FULL CONTAINMENT

CREDIBLE SPILL (by EN1473) for FULL CONTAINMENT

PRV

Plant fence

Public Facilities

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API Subcommittee

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Cryogenic storage tank general section

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Performance criteria

The tank shall be designed so that:

Under normal operating conditions, the liquid and the vapour is contained;

It can be filled and emptied at the specified rates;

Boil-off is controlled and in exceptional cases can be relieved to flare or vent;

Pressure operating range specified is maintained;

Ingress of air and moisture is prevented, except in exceptional cases when the vacuum relief valves have to be used;

Boil-off is as specified and condensation/frost on the external surface is minimised. Frost heave of the foundation shall be prevented;

Tank shall resist seismic forces;

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Specials in cryogenic storage tank

Mechanical design

Thermal design

Boil off rate

Insulation

Foundation

Frost heave

Roll over

Cool down

In tank pump

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Thermal design & insulation

DIRECT

GROUND REFLECTION

DIFFUSE

WIND

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Expansion bellows

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Insulation MATERIALS

Insulation

Base

Perlite block

Mineral wool

Hard wood

Foam glass

Wall

Loose perlite PUF

Roof

FiberglassLoose perlite

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Insulation (Perlite blocks)

0

10

20

30

40

50

60

0 10 20 30 40 50

com

pres

sive

str

engt

h kg

/cm

2

day

0.3125

0.4375Perlite Cement Ratio

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Insulation (Loose perlite)

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Foundation type selection

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THERE ARE TWO DISTINCT TYPES OF BASE SLAB

ON GROUND TYPE

ElEVATED TYPE

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Foundation type selection

On ground type-Good soil condition required.-Concrete slab required-Electric heaters are installed

into the slab to avoid frost heave.

-Small initial investment-Large running cost

Elevated type- Poor soil condition- Piles are required- Large initial investment- Small maintenance cost - Elevated height is around

1.0 m to 1.5 m

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Foundation

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heating system

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Cool down procedure (Cool down ring)

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Cool down procedure (Cool down ring)

VENTED GAS LNG

BOG

SPRAY RING

-Very Sudden change of metal temperature.-Large temperature gradient between neighbor points.

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Cool down procedure (Cool down spray)

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Cool down procedure (Cool down spray)

VENTED GAS LNG

BOG

SPRAY RING

-Slow change of metal temperature.-Low temperature gradient between neighbor points.

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IN TANK PUMP

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Thank You

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