introduction of microcontroller

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Introduction Of Microcontroller

LESSON # 1

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3Introducing

Embedded Systems &

Microcontrollers

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4● Definition of Embedded Systems● Examples● Computer Essentials● Microprocessors and u-controllers● PIC Microcontrollers● 16 Series PIC

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5What is a Microcontroller?

Microcontroller is a mini computer on a single integrated circuit chip containing a:

1. processor core 2. memory and 3. Programmable input/output peripherals.

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6Microprocessor vs. Microcontroller

• Microprocessor is general-purpose microprocessors such as Intel’s x86 family.

• Microprocessor dose not contain RAM, ROM or I/O Ports on the chip it self.

• Microcontroller has CPU and fixed amount of RAM, ROM, I/O Ports and Timer all on a single chip.

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7 MICROPROCESSER AND MICRO CONTROLLER

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10PIC Architecture

A Computer on a chip

CPU

Timer 0

Timer 1

Timer 2

PWM 1

PWM 2

10-bit

A/D USART

Memory I/O(Ports A, B & C)

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12Microcontroller Families

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PIC Family Stack Size Instruction Word Size

No of Instructions

Interrupt Vectors

12CX/12FX 2 12- or 14-bit 33 None16C5X/16F5X

2 12-bit 33 None

16CX/16FX 8 14-bit 35 117CX 16 16-bit 58 4

18CX/18FX 32 16-bit 75 2

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15PIC16F Microcontroller Families

• PIC microcontrollers are designed using the Harvard Architecture which includes:–Microprocessor unit (MPU)– Program memory for instructions– Data memory for data– I/O ports– Support devices such as timers

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16Harvard Architecture• Von Neumann

Architecture:– Fetches instructions and

data from a single memory space

– Limits operating bandwidth

• Harvard Architecture:– Uses two separate

memory spaces for program instructions and data

– Improved operating bandwidth

– Allows for different bus widths

Von Neumann Architecture

8-bit Bus

CPU

Program & Data Memory

CPU

Harvard Architecture

Data Memory

Program Memory

8-bit Bus

16-bit Bus

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17Microcontroller with the Harvard Architecture

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18Criteria for Choosing µController1. Meeting the computing needs of the task at

hand efficiency and cost effectively2. Availability of SW and HW development

tools– Compilers– Assemblers– Debuggers– Emulators

3. Wide availability and reliable source.

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19Criteria for Choosing µController• Meeting the computing needs of the task at

hand efficiency and cost effectively– Determine its type, 8-bit,16-bit or 32-bit– Speed– Packaging (40-Pin or QFP)– Power consumption– The amount of RAM and ROM– The number of I/O pins and the timer– Cost per unit– Ease of upgrade.

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20µC Data width • 8-bit Microcontrollers

– PIC10, PIC12, PIC14– PIC16, PIC17, PIC18

• 16-bit Microcontrollers– PIC24F, PIC24H

• 32-bit Microcontrollers– PIC32

• 16-bit Digital Signal Controllers– dsPIC30, dsPIC33F

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21UV-EPROM

Your text here

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PIC 16F887 layoutAnalog I/O

UART

I2C

PORTA

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