introduction

INTRODUCTION

• Respiratory disease is a medical term that encompasses pathological conditions of the upper respiratory, tract, trachea, bronchi, bronchioles, alveoli, pleura, and pleural cavity, and the nerves and muscles of breathing

• Respiratory diseases range from mild and self-limiting, such as the common cold, to life-threatening entities like bacterial pneumonia, pulmonary embolism, and lung cancer

COMMON DISORDERS

Apnea

• Absence of breathing

Asthma

• A lung disease characterized by reversible inflammation and constriction

Bronchial Pneumonia/ Bronchopneumonia

• Inflammation of the smaller bronchial tubes

Bronchiolitis• Inflammation of

the bronchioles

Bronchiostenosis• Narrowing of the

bronchial tubes

Bronchitis• Inflammation

of the mucous membrane of the bronchial tubes

Bronchomalacia

• Degeneration or softening of the bronchi

Bronchorrea• Excessive mucus

production by a bronchus

Bronchospasm

• Abnormal contraction of bronchi

Bronchostenosis

• Chronic narrowing of a bronchus

Dyspnea

Emphysema

• Condition in which the alveoli are inefficient because of distension

Laryn-• Laryngitis

Inflammation of the larynx

• LaryngospasmInvoluntary contraction

of the larynx• Laryngostenosis

A narrowing of the larynx

Pharyn-• Pharyngitis

Inflammation of the pharynx• Pharyngocele

A hernia or diverticulum in the pharynx

• PharyngoplegiaParalysis of the pharynx

• PharyngospasmInvoluntary contraction of the

pharynx• Pharyngostenosis

Narrowing of the pharynx

Phren-

• PhrenalgiaPain in the

diaphragm• Phrenoplegia

Paralysis of the diaphragm

• PneumolithCalculus in a lung

Pneumonia

• Inflammation of a lung caused by infection, chemical inhalation, or trauma

Rhin-

• Rhinalgia/ RhinodyniaPain in the nose

• RhinitisInflammation of the

inner lining of the nasal cavity

• RhinopathyAny disease of the

nose

Rhinorrhea

• Discharge from the rhinal mucous membrane

Rhinostenosis

• Narrowing or obstruction occurring in the nasal passages

Sinusitis• Inflammation of the respiratory sinuses

Tracheitis

• Inflammation of the trachea

Tracheomalacia

• Softening (degeneration) of tracheal tissue

Tracheomegaly• Abnormal dilation of the trachea

Tracheorrhagia• Hemorrhage

of the trachea

Tracheostenosis

• Abnormal narrowing of the trachea

DIAGNOSIS & TREATMENT

Angiogram

• Printed record obtained through angiography

Bronchoscope• A device for visually

inspecting the interior of a bronchus

Bronchoscopy• Inspection using a

bronchoscope

Laryngoscope• Instrument with a light

at the tip to aid in visual inspection of the larynx

Laryngoscopy• Visual inspection of

the larynx with the aid of a laryngoscope

Pharyngoscope• Instrument with a light

at the tip to aid in visual inspection of the pharynx

Pharyngoscopy• Visual inspection of the

pharynx with the aid of a pharyngoscope

Rhinoscope• A small mirror with a

thin handle; used in rhinoscopy

Rhinoscopy• Visual inspection of the

nasal areas