internal factor : personality & mood pertemuan 4

Internal Factor : Personality & MoodPertemuan 4

Matakuliah : L0074/Psikologi Industri dan Organisasi 2Tahun : 2008

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• Personality may influence the style and efficiency of performance, but personality not the indicator for performance.

• Trait stable disposition affecting a variety of psychological functions.State transient reaction mood &

stress.

BIG FIVE PERSONALITY CHARACTERISTICS

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Extraversion

Emotionality

Conscientiousness

Agreeableness

Openness

High Sociable Moody Systematic Kind Artistic

Impulsive Anxious Meticulous Helpful Creative

Assertive Unstable Efficient Sympathetic

Complex

Low Quiet Calm Disorganized

Cold Simple

Restrained Relaxed Careless Rude Shallow

Withdrawn Content Lazy Unpleasant Practical

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EXTRAVERSION• Big Five theory based on Eysenck & Eysenck

(1985) principle personality dimensions.

• Extraversion relates with arousability of the ascending reticular activating system (ARAS). Introverts are more easily aroused than extraverts, and so tend to have higher levels of cortical arousal.

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• There are several kinds of task on which extraverts show superior performance efficiency : - dual-task performance- memory tasks involving high response competition- short-term memory tasks generally- and retrieval from memory

• Eysenck (1982) suggests that extraverts typically have more processing resources available, so that they out-perform introverts on relatively demanding tasks.

• There is a small positive relationship between extraversion and verbal ability. Extraverts display faster and more fluent speed production.

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• Extraverts are normally poorer than introverts at difficult problem solving. Tasks of this kind presumably require insight, rather than processing capacity per se. Introverts also show superior memory over relatively long time periods.

• Behaviourally, extraverts more impulsive than introverts.

• Extraverts tend to perform well under conditions of high stimulation or arousal, whereas introverts perform better under dearousing conditions Yerkes & Dodson Law.

ANXIETY & NEUROTICISM• Anxiety impairing real-world skills such as computer

data entry, computer-based learning, mathematics, typewriting, and military flying.

• Anxiety also tends to impair learning and achievement in educational settings, due to interference with attention, working memory and retrieval.

• Anxious individuals show a general tendency towards making more self-related negative judgments and evaluations.

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MOOD STATES• Dimensional models of mood according to Thayer :

1. Energy or positive affect2. Tension or negative affect

• Dimension model of mood according to Matthews : - energy – fatigue- tension – relaxation- pleasure – displeasureAll this dimension influence by biological & cognitive process.

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Relationships between mood and performance :

1.Cognitive activity associated with the

mood may interfere with task processing like relationship between worry & performance impairment

2.Moods may associated with the energisation and mobilisation of processing.

3.Moods may bias cognition towards mood-congruent processing

STRESS, AROUSAL & MOTIVATIONPsychobiological Approach : • There are physical sensations that often

accompany states of high anxiety such as racing heart, perspiration, muscle tension and gastric disturbances.

• There are 2 approach to explain the correlation between physiology and emotion : Centralist and peripheralist.

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CENTRALIST PERIPHERALIST

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Emotional Event

Central Brain System

(Thalamus)

Emotional Experience

Autonomic arousal

Emotional Event

Preorganised mechanism

Peripheral bodily change

Emotional experience

Conscious awareness

AROUSAL THEORY

THE YERKES-DODSON LAW

INCENTIVE AND MOTIVATION

• Very high incentives may create anxiety and impair performance

• Individual differences in motivational response : • High achievement motivation motivated when

performing demanding tasks• Low achievement motivation more sensitive to

external rewards. • Extraverts learn better when rewarded for success.• Introverts learn better when punished for failure.

COPING OF STRESS & PERFORMANCE• Coping of stress :

- Problem / task-focused coping- Emotion-focused coping

• In performance context, problem-focused coping tending to have more beneficial effects.

• When people doing emotion-focused coping, they kind of “withdrawing” from the problem implied to performance.

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THE END