interfaces and protocols introduction
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WR_005_E1
Call and Signaling Process
Interfaces and protocolsV0507
ZTE University
3G Course Team
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Course Objectives
Understand ATM basic knowledge
Master Network interfaces
Master signaling process
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Agenda:
ATM Basics
Network Interfaces
Software workflow
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5bytescell-header
48 bytespayload
(user information)
ATM cell
53 bytes
ATM-Asynchronous Transfer Mode
ATM transfers information in fixed-size units called cells.
Each cell consists of 53 bytes.
ATM (1)
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ATM (2)
Circuit Switch
Fix connecting, synchronization time division
multiplexing
Good real time performance and weak flexibility
Packet Switch
Virtual circuit connecting without fixed time slot
Weak real time performance and good flexibility
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ATM protocol reference model
Layer m
anagem
ent
Pl ane managem
ent
Control plane User plane
Management plane
Higher layer protocol
AAL adaptation layer
ATM cell layer
PHY physical layer
Higher layer protocol
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ATM protocol reference model(1)
ATM protocol reference model consists of three planes: User plane
responsible for user information transmission hierarchically. Control plane
provides the call and connection control function and the signaling function is also involved, which is hierarchy too.
Management plane
provides two management functions: plane management and layer management.
The plane management is responsible for management related to the entire system and performs the function of coordination among different planes.
While the layer management is responsible for management of network resources and protocol parameters as well as processes the operation & maintenance information flow at each layer.
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ATM protocol reference model(2)
The ATM protocol reference model consists of four layers:
Physical layer
responsible for correct and effective cell transmission via the
physical media
ATM layer
responsible for cell switching, routing and multiplexing
ATM adaptation layer
the AAL layer is responsible for adaptation of higher-layer service
information or signaling information to ATM cell flow
Higher layer
equivalent to the application layer of each service or the higher
layer of signaling.
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Comparison between VCC and VPC
The connection-oriented mode is adopted in ATM.
ATM connection, that is, end-to-end transfer capability
Virtual channel (VC) level -VCC
Virtual path (VP) level-VPC
VCC
Virtual channel level
Virtual path level
VC link
VP link
VPC
VCIx VCIy VCIz
VPIx VPIy VPIz
VCC end point VCC end point
VPC end point VPC end point
VC link VC link
VP link VP link
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VP & VC Switching
The VPI value has to be changed during VP switching While all VCI
values contained in it remain unchanged.
During VC switching, both the VPI and VCI values should be changed.
VP exchange
VC exchange
VP end point
VCI 1 VCI 3
VCI 4
VCI 2
VPI 2
VPI 3
VCI 4
VCI 3
VPI 5VCI 1
VCI 2VPI 4
VPI 1VCI 1
VCI 2
VCI 1
VCI 2
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ATM Adaptation layer
AAL between ATM layer and high-layer applications
implements the service functions needed by the high layer
(such as error checking processing and timing control),
supports the adaptation between the high layer and
ATM layer-mapping PDU of the high layer to the
information segment of the ATM cell or vice versa.
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Traffic
ParameterClass A Class B Class C Class D
Timing between source and destination
need Not need
Bit rate fixed various
Connection mode Connection-orient Connectionless- orient
AAL 3 AAL 4AAL types AAL 1 AAL 2
AAL 5
Traffic sample Circuit simulation
Moving image video and audio
Connection-orient data transmitting
connectionless data transmitting
QoS QoS1 QoS2 QoS3 QoS4
AAL classes
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AAL2
AAL2
suitable for VBR (variable bit rate) traffic, typically
includes services characterized as voice or video.
Traffic must be real-time transmitted for existing timing
relationship between signal source and signal
destination.
Allowing the same VCC multiplexing multiple
connection procession.
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AAL5
AAL5
Efficient Data traffic transmitting adaptation pr
otocol
Supplying the same traffic with AAL3/4
Can be used as signal AAL.
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Agenda
ATM Basics
Network Interfaces
Software workflow
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UTRAN Architecture
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Network Interfaces
Universal Model of the UTRAN Interface:
ApplicationProtocol
DataStream(s)
ALCAP(s)
TransportNetwork
Layer
Physical Layer
SignallingBearer(s)
TransportUser
NetworkPlane
Control Plane User Plane
TransportUser
NetworkPlane
Transport NetworkControl Plane
Radio
Network
Layer
SignallingBearer(s)
DataBearer(s)
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Iu Interface
According to different connected entities, the Iu
interface can be divided into three types:
Iu-CS (Iu Circuit Switched)
Iu-CS is the interface for connection with the circuit-switched (CS)
CN.
Iu-PS (Iu Packet Switched)
Iu-PS is the interface for connection with the packet-switched (PS)
CN.
Iu-BC (Iu Broadcast)
Iu-BC is the interface for connection with the broadcast domain of C
N. Iu-BC supports the cell broadcast service and is used to connect
UTRAN with the CN’s broadcast domain.
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Iu Interface
Node B
RNC
RNC
CS
Domain
PS
Domain
BC
Domain
Node B
Node B
Node B
UTRAN Core Network (CN)
“Iu-CS”
“Iu-PS”
“Iu-BC”
Iu Interface
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Iu-CS Interface Stack Structure
Q.2150.1
Q.2630.1
RANAP Iu UP ProtocolLayer
TransportNetwork
Layer
Physical Layer
TransportUser
NetworkPlane
Control Plane User Plane
TransportUser
NetworkPlane
Transport NetworkControl Plane
RadioNetwork
Layer
ATM
SSCOPAAL5
SSCOPSSCF-NNI
AAL2AAL5
MTP3bMTP3bSCCP
SSCF-NNI
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Iu-PS Interface Stack Structure
SSCF-NNI
SSCOP
AAL5
IP
SCTP
SCCP
SSCF-NNI
M3UA
RANAPIu UP Protocol
Layer
TransportNetworkLayer
Physical Layer
TransportUser
NetworkPlane
Control Plane User Plane
TransportUser
NetworkPlane
Transport NetworkControl Plane
RadioNetwork
Layer
ATM
AAL5
IP
UDP
GTP-U
Physical Layer
ATM
MTP3-B
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Iur interface Functions
Iur interface has the following functions:
Inter-RNC mobility management
SRNC relocation, inter-RNC cell and UTRAN registration area upda
te, inter-RNC paging, and protocol error report.
Dedicated channel data transmission
used to transmit dedicated channel data between two RNCs.
The specific functions of the transmission are:
Common channel data transmission
setup and release of the transmission connection needed in commo
n channel data stream transmission of the Iur interface,
Global resource management
transmission of inter-RNC cell measurement information,
transmission of inter-RNC Node B timing information.
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Iur Interface Stack Structure
SCTP
AAL5
SSCF-NNI
SSCOP
MTP3B
IP
SCCP
AAL5
ALCAP Q.2630.1
STC Q.2150.1
RNSAP Iur Data
Str eam(s)
TransportNetwork
Layer
Physical Layer
TransportUser
NetworkPlane
Control Plane User Plane
TransportUser
NetworkPlane
Transport NetworkControl Plane
RadioNetwork
Layer
ATM
AAL2
SCTPSSCF -NN
ISSCF-NNI
SSCOP
MTP3B
IP
M3UA M3UA
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RNSAP, Radio Network Subsystem AP
RNSAP provides control signaling exchange over the Iur interface.
responsible for bearer management signaling between two RNCs.
SRNC utilized for setting up and controlling radio links using dedicated resources in D
RNCs.
One signaling connection per DRNC.
Transfers
Radio and mobility control signaling including measurement information needed for handov
ers, synchronizations and radio resource control between RNSs
Relays Iub/Iur DCH, DSCH, RACH/CPCH and FACH transport channel data streams.
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Iub interface Functions
Management of the Iub interface transmission resources. Logic operation maintenance of Node B, including:
the cell configuration management
radio network performance measurement
resource event management
common transmission channel management
radio resource management Transmission of application-related operation & maintenance information. System information management. Common channel traffic management, dedicated channel traffic
management and shared channel management. Timing and synchronization management, including:
node synchronization
transmission channel synchronization between the RNC and Node B
and node synchronization between Node Bs
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Iub Interface Stack Structure
Node BApplication Part
(NBAP)
AAL Type 2
ALCAP
TransportLayer
Physical Layer
RadioNetwor
kLayer
Radio NetworkControl Plane
TransportNetwork
Control Plane
DC
H F
P
RA
CH
FP
ATM
DS
CH
FP
AAL Type 5
User Plane
SSCF-UNI
SSCOP
AAL Type 5
SSCF-UNI
SSCOP
Q.2630.1
Q.2150.2
FA
CH
FP
PC
H F
P
US
CH
FP
CP
CH
FP
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NBAP, Node-B Application Part
NBAP provides control signaling exchange over the Iub interfac
e between base station and its controlling RNC.
All Resources of a base station are controlled by its controlling
RNC. Hence, all the physical resources of a Node-B appear as l
ogical resources for RNC through Iub interface.
Several signaling links over the Iub interface can be related t
o a dedicated NBAP.
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NBAP, Node-B Application Part
Common NBAP procedures are related to the whole cell:
O&M actions (Cell configuration)
Broadcast channels (Common signaling)
Random access channels
Setting up new dedicated link
Handling of cell-wise measurements
Error recovery Dedicated NBAP procedures are related to one specific UE:
Radio link management of dedicated and shared channels
Softer combining (Combining the signals received from different sectors of the cell)
Link measurements
Downlink power control activities.
Link fault recovery
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Uu Interface Stack Structure
L3
cont
ro
lcont
rol
cont
rol
cont
rol
LogicalChannels
TransportChannels
C-planesignalling
U-planeinformation
PHY
L2/MAC
L1
RLC
DC
Nt
GC
L2/RLC
MAC
RLCRLC
RLCRLC
RLCRLCRLC
Duplicationavoidance
UuSboundary
BMC L2/ BMC
control
PDCPPDCP L2/PDCP
DC
Nt
GC
RadioBearers
RRC
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Uu Interface Stack Structure(1)
Physical Layer Protocol
provides the MAC sublayer with transmission channel services. MAC Protocol (Media Access Control)
provides the RLC sublayer with logic channel services. RLC Protocol (Radio Link Control)
on the control plane, provides the RRC sublayer with signaling radio bearer services.
on the user plane, provides service radio bearer services together with the PDCP sublayer.
PDCP (Packet data convergence protocol)
adapt different types of network layer protocols to the radio interface.
only exists in the packet domain BMC (Broadcast main control)
transfer broadcast and multicast information over the radio interface.
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Uu Interface Stack Structure(2)
RRC (Radio resource control)
provide services for the non-access layer, for example, transmitting messages like call control, session management and mobility management at the control interface after encapsulating them.
provides control and management the protocol at each lower layer.
setup, maintenance and release of an RRC connection between UE and UTRAN
setup, reconfiguration and release of radio bearer
distribution, reconfiguration and release of radio resources used in the RRC connection
RRC connection’s mobility function management
routing for the higher-layer PDU
request for QoS control
UE measurement report and report control,
outer loop power control, ciphering control, paging
initial cell selection and reselection in the idle mode
RRC message completeness protection.
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Appendix
Abbreviation Full Name
SCCP Signaling connection control protocol
MTP3B Broadband message transfer protocol
SSCF-NNI Service specific coordination function for support of signaling
at the network node interface
SSCF-UNI Service specific coordination function for support of signaling
at the user network interface
SSCOP Service specific connection oriented protocol
Q.2630.1 AAL2 signaling control protocol
Q.2150.1 AAL2 signaling transport converter at NNI
M3UA MTP3 user adaptation protocol
SCTP Stream control transmission protocol
GTP-U GPRS tunneling protocol – user
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Agenda
ATM Basics
Network Interfaces
Software workflow
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Radio Network c-plane protocol
RNC
CN
Node B
UE RNC
RANAP
RNSAP
NBAP
RRC
NBAP: Node B Application Part
RANAP: Radio Access Network Application Part
RNSAP: Radio Network Subsystem Application Part
RRC: Radio Resource Control
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NBAP
L1 L1
MAC
RLC
RRC
MM/GMM
CC SM
NBAP
Transport Layer
Transport
Layer
Transport
LayerMAC
RLC
RRC RANAP RANAP
MM/GMM
CC SM
Uu
UE Node B RNC CN
Iub Iu
…Transport
Layer
UTRAN Control Plane Protocol Stack
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L1
MAC
RLC
PDCP
Transport
Layer
Transport
Layer
Iu UP
Uu
UE Node B RNC CN
Iub Iu
L1 FP FPTransport Layer
MAC
RLC
PDCP
Iu UPUser data
Transport Layer
UTRAN User Plane Protocol Stack
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Basic Conception (1)
RRC (Radio Resource Control)
provides information transfer service to the NAS (Non Access
Stratum).
responsible for controlling the configuration of UMTS radio interface
Layers 1 and 2.
RRC Connection
A point to point bi directional connection between the RRC (Radio
Resource Control) entities on the UE (User Equipment) and
UTRAN (UMTS Terrestrial Radio Access Network).
The UE requires an RRC connection to access the services of the
UMTS network.
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Basic Conception (2)
RAB -Radio Access Bearer
identify the service the AS (Access Stratum) provides
to the NAS (Non Access Stratum) for transfer of user
data between the UE (User Equipment) and the CN
(Core Network).
RB -Radio Bearer
The service provided by the Layer 2 for the transfer of
user data between UE (User Equipment) and UTRAN
(UMTS Terrestrial Radio Access Network).
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Basic Conception (3)
RL (Radio Link)
RL is a logical association between single UE (User
Equipment) and a single UTRAN (UMTS Terrestrial
Radio Access Network) access point.
Its physical realization comprises one or more radio
bearer transmissions.
It is possible for a UMTS mobile to have many radio
links established, when this occurs the mobile is said to
be in a soft handover.
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UE Node B RNC
RRC RRC1.CCCH: RRC Connection Request
Allocate RNTSelect L1
and L2 parameters
NBAP NBAP2.Radio Link Setup Request
Start RX
NBAP NBAP3.Radio Link Setup Response
ALCAP Iub Data Transport Bearer Setup
DCH-FP DCH-FP4.Downlink Synchronisation
DCH-FP DCH-FP5.Uplink Synchronisation
Start TX
RRC RRC6.CCCH: : RRC Connection Setup
RRC RRC7.DCCH: : RRC Connection Setup Complete
RRC setup
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RAB setup
UE SRNCNode B CN
RAB ASSIGNMENT REQUEST
ALCAP setup
RL CONFIG PRE
RL CONFIG READY
ALCAP setup, synchronization
RRC RB SETUP
RRC RB SETUP COMPLETERAB ASSIGNMENT RESPONSE
RL CONFIG COMMIT
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Call Setup Flow
UE Node B RNC CN
RRC connection setup request
RRC connection setup
RAB assignment requestRL setup request
RL setup response
RB setup
RB setup completion
Paging (RANAP)Paging (RRC)
NAS message interaction (service request)
RAB assignment response
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Call Setup Flow( 1)
The flow is as follows:
The CN initiates a paging message to the RNC according to information like the
location of the called UE.
The RNC judges the paging message from the CN and then sends a paging message
to the corresponding UE.
If no RRC connection is available before the service starts, the UE will send a RRC
connection setup request message (RRC Connection Request) to the RNC to request
setup of a RRC connection.
The RNC determines to set up a RRC connection according to the setup reason and
the system resource occupation. After allocating RNTI and resources related to L1 and
L2, it sends a RRC connection setup message (RRC Connection Setup) to the UE.
After signaling connection setup, the higher layer of the UE (NAS) sends a service
request message to the CN through a directly transmitted message.
The CN sends a RAB assignment message (RAB Assignment Request) to the RNC.
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Call Setup Flow( 2)
According to the parameters carried in the RAB assignment message sent from the CN, the RNC sends a radio link setup message (Radio Link Setup Request) to an appropriate Node B.
After allocating the corresponding resources, the corresponding Node B sends a radio link setup response (Radio Link Setup Response) to the RNC to notify the RNC of the information that the radio link setup has been finished.
The RNC sends a radio bearer setup message (Radio Bearer Setup) to the UE.
After executing RB setup, the UE sends a radio bearer setup completion message (Radio Bearer Setup Complete) to the RNC.
After receiving the RB setup completion message, the RNC sends a RAB assignment response message (RAB Assignment Response) to the CN to end the RAB setup flow. Up to now, the entire call process is finished.
Note: No paging process is involved for call setup requests actively initiated by UEs. In such cases, the call process will directly start from Step 3.
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Soft Handover Flow
UE NodeB(DRNS) DRNCNodeB
(SRNS)Measurement
report
RL creation requestRL setup request
Active set update command
SRNC
RL setup response RL setup response
Active set update completion
RL release requestRL releasecompletion
A
B
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Hard Handover Flow
UETarget Node
B SRNCOriginalNodeB
Measurement report
RL setup request
Reconfiguration command
RL setup response
Reconfiguration completion
RL deletion request
RL deletion response
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Call setup flow (1)
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Call setup flow (2)
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Call setup flow (3)
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Call setup flow (4)
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Call setup flow (5)
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Call setup flow (6)
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