integration of large-scale res in island power systems prof. nikos hatziargyriou, national technical...

Integration of Large-Scale RES in Island Power Systems

Prof. Nikos Hatziargyriou,National Technical University of Athens

nh@power.ece.ntua.gr

Outline

RES in Greek Islands The Power System of Crete Smart Grids for the Greek Islands More Care Energy Management System Microgrids The Kythnos Experiment

Power Stations on Greek Non Interconnected Islands

36 Thermal StationsTotal installed capacity

MW

1.780

Capacity of new thermal units (2011 – 2015)

392

963 RES Stations80 Wind Farms883 PVs

33026570

Capacity of new RES stations(2011 – 2015)Wind FarmsPVsHybrid StationsCSP Stations

4151751307040

RES Production per system in 2010

470

48015,8 %

7,4 %

10,1 %13,9 % 8,5 %

8,2%

11,4 % 4,6 % 3,4 % 9,8 % 7,9 % 13,5 %0,9 %

13,6 %

Average Variable Cost per system (2010)

Very Small Islands New Power Stations & and Large islands

SMP

AVC

MykonosCrete

Significant increase of RES installation in Greek islands

based on new technologies Power Stations

• Hybrid Power Stations with Wind Farms, pump-storage systems and Hydroelectric Power Stations

Nominal capacity from 2 MW up to 75 MW

• Concentrated Solar Power (CSP) Stations with storage systems of thermal energy from 4h up to 8h

Nominal capacity from 25 MW up to 70 MW

• Hybrid Power Stations with battery systems and Wind Farms or Sterling Generator.

Total RES installed capacity and productionin Greek Non Interconnected Islands for 2003-

2020

12,1%

28,2%

40 %

2015(MW)

W/F 428

PV 190

HPS 50

CSP 35

2018(MW)

W/F 517

PV 220

HPS 153

CSP 105

Power system of Crete

Crete – Operational Characteristics

Largest Island System in Greece with highest rate of energy and demand increase. Three thermal power plants, installed cap. 800 MW. Base-load mainly supplied

by steam and diesel units. Combustion turbine units

normally supply daily peak load at high running cost.

26 Wind farms of total Capacity 166 MW. Most of Wind Farms installed at the eastern part of the island.

PVs 60 MW

No. of Machines

Nominal Power (MW)

Linoperamata

Steam 6 110

Diesel 4 48

Gas 5 120

Chania

Gas 6 198

CC 1+2 132

Atherinolakos

SteamDiesel

22

100102

EES-UETP “Planning, Designing and Operating the Distribution Network for Exploitation of DER”, Cagliari, 27-30/9/04

EES-UETP “Planning, Designing and Operating the Distribution Network for Exploitation of DER”, Cagliari, 27-30/9/04

EES-UETP “Planning, Designing and Operating the Distribution Network for Exploitation of DER”, Cagliari, 27-30/9/04

Wind Park in Crete

Load and Wind Farm production

in Crete system during the year 2010

640MW170MW

=3.7

Rokas W/F output (13 May 1998)

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Rokas W/F output ( 20 May 1998 )

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HPS WF(28.9/11.9 MW)

HPS 5MW

HPS 5.1MW HPS WF(39.95/9.35 MW)

HPS 75 MW

HPS 5.1 MWHybrid 9MW

Development of Hybrid Power Stations with pumping systems

and CSP Power Stations in Crete up to 2018

HPS 12MW

CSP 25MW

CSP 70MWHPS 1.95MW

HPS 12MW

HPS 9MW

HPS 15MWHPS 1.95MW

CSP 50MW

POWER STATION TYPE (total capacity) STATIONS NOMINAL CAPACITY

Hybrid Power Station (151,1 MW) 11 2 – 75 MW

Concentrated Solar Power (243 MW) 5 25 – 70 MW

CSP 38MW

CSP 60MW

System Operation (27/6/2011)

(PV ~35MW)

Expensive unit usedTechnical minimum problem

High RES penetration (>30%)

Increased WF penetration

PV production is estimated. RES penetration>50%

Wind Production the day of year’s load peak (Aug.12.1999)

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Time

Lo

ad

{M

W]

Load [MW]

Wind Power Production [MW]

Voltage and frequency

Operating frequency bandwidth:49,9 - 50,1 Hz (Normal mode)49,3 - 50,5 Hz (Contingency mode) Operating voltage bandwidth: + 3,5 % Typical power reserve margins: 10% (spinning)

Operational problems

Technical limits of thermal base-load plant during valleys of load demand

Narrow tolerances of wind generators to voltage and frequency deviations

Loss of wind generation following incidents of system faults or system transients

Operational problems (continued) Wind availability, and short-term wind

variations (gusts) – the latter resulting in substantial power swings in wind generation outputs

Communication problems between the system Control Center and the Wind farms

Miscellaneous, such as: wind-generator maintenance and repairs, distribution line problems, etc

MORE CARE

Major functionalities of MORE CARE Forecasting Modules Unit Commitment/Economic Dispatch RES/Storage Management Optimal Power Flow Security Monitoring/Assessment

OPERATOR

SCADA system

DATA-BASE

SCHEDULER

SECURITYASSESSMENT

RENEWABLESFORECASTING

MAN-MACHINEINTERFACE

SECURITYMONITORING

ECONOMICDISPATCH

UNIT COMMITMENT

LOAD FORECASTING

The CARE System Architecture

Flow-chart

MMI of More Care System

MMI for Wind Forecast

Load & Wind Forecasting

Modern Systems Provide Advanced Capabilities

For Wind Power forecasting: ICCS participates in innovative projects:

Anemos.plus and SafeWind The information includes confidence

intervals and extreme events

Advanced Modules

Meteo Forecast

Unit Commitment /Economic Dispatch

The Unit Commitment problem becomes very complex:

Market Rules and Existing Contracts RES Management Future Storage Management Ancillary Services according to market

rules Technical Constraints and Reserve

Management

Unit Commitment /Economic Dispatch Advanced functionalities to provide

advice to the operators

Advanced Modules

Simple Messages to the operator

Security Monitoring/Assessment Operation of islands becomes very

complex It is very demanding for the operator to

consider power flow constraints or dynamic response of generators

Early Warning to the operators in case of security concerns is necessary – AI techniques

Dynamic Monitoring

& OPF

Simulation of 23 MW Gas Turbine Outage

Case 1. Load of 207.2 MW, Wind Power 69 MW, 33.3% penetrationCase 2. Load of 199 MW, Wind Power 55.73 MW, 28% penetration

Historical Data Management Online History Access

Statistics and Reporting

Conclusions

Increased RES penetration complicates islands operation

In Crete, the largest Greek island, RES annual energy penetration reaches 20%, hourly penetration might exceed 50%.

For secure and economical operation with increased RES penetration advanced EMS are required

MORE CARE provides advanced forecasting, scheduling and security warning functionalities.

Thank you!