integrated pest management for master gardeners norm leppla university of florida, ifas
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Integrated Pest Management Integrated Pest Management for Master Gardenersfor Master Gardeners
Norm LepplaNorm LepplaUniversity of Florida, IFAS
Leppla’s CareerLeppla’s Career
University of Arizona- Insect Behavior &University of Arizona- Insect Behavior &Rearing Research (2 yr)Rearing Research (2 yr)
USDA, ARS- Pest Management & USDA, ARS- Pest Management & Biological Control, FL & TX (17 yr)Biological Control, FL & TX (17 yr)
USDA, APHIS- Methods Development, USDA, APHIS- Methods Development, Washington DC & International (7 yr)Washington DC & International (7 yr)
University of Florida- Administration & University of Florida- Administration & Integrated Pest Management (15 yr)Integrated Pest Management (15 yr)
Introduction (Session 1)Introduction (Session 1)
• Introduction (Topics, Session 1 & 2)• History of IPM (Agriculture, Urban)• What is IPM? (Definitions)• Reactions to pest outbreaks• IPM practices and applications• Break
IPM topics from Master Gardeners?
Introduction (Session 2)Introduction (Session 2)
• Sources of IPM information• Purchasing and using natural enemies• Pesticide use and safety • IPM education, training and certification • Future of IPM in Florida and elsewhere
IPM topics from Master Gardeners?
1939- 1939- DDT introduced, resistance 1947DDT introduced, resistance 19471940s- 1940s- Pesticide use grows 1940s and 1950sPesticide use grows 1940s and 1950s1950s- 1950s- Thousands of pesticides registeredThousands of pesticides registered
(~$40 billion worldwide by 2007) (~$40 billion worldwide by 2007)
History of IPMHistory of IPM
The “Magic bullet“ mindset established
History of IPMHistory of IPM1959- Integrated Control Concept: Stern, Smith,
van den Bosch, and Hagen 1969- Rachael Carson, Silent Spring1969- National Environmental Policy Act (CEQ) 1970- EPA established (pesticide registration)1972- FIFRA extensively amended
(first passed in 1947)1972- EPA cancels most uses of DDT1975- CES Extension IPM, every state ($0.5-$1.5 million)
Integrated Pest Management, or IPM, is a long-standing, science-based decision-making process that identifies and reduces risks from pests and pest management strategies. It coordinates information on pest biology, the environment, and available technology to prevent unacceptable levels of pest damage by the most economical means, while posing the least risk to people, property, resources, and the environment. IPM provides an effective strategy for managing pests from developed agricultural, residential, and public areas to wild lands. IPM provides an effective, all encompassing, sustainable approach to protect natural resources, crops, animals and people from pests. IPM recommendations are frequently recognized as Best Management Practices (BMP’s) to manage weeds, disease and insects for production of food and fiber (USDA National Road Map for Integrated Pest Management).
What is IPM?
What Causes Pest Outbreaks?
Alien invasive speciesAlien invasive species Disrupted environmentsDisrupted environments Pesticide resistancePesticide resistance Local invasionsLocal invasions PerceptionsPerceptions Others causes?Others causes?
Resistant Crop
• Competitors
• Natural enemies
• Resistant varieties
Vulnerable Crop
Alien Invasive Pest
Integrated pest management program: • Cultural practices• Scouting, Identification of pests and NE• Conservation of natural enemies• Augmentation of natural enemies• Reduced-risk insecticides• Resistance management
Pesticide program:• Application methods• Resistance management• New pesticides
ReactionReaction to to Pest OutbreakPest Outbreak
IPM in Structures and Landscapes
• Pest outbreaks & disease epidemics
• Environmental contamination
• Human health hazards
• Pest mgmt. costs
• Reduce
risk…
IPM SystemINCREASE…
• Reliability
• Sustainability
Cultural Methods
Biological Control
Chem
IPM Practices
Biological knowledgeBiological knowledge Monitoring and inspectionMonitoring and inspection Act to control pests when necessaryAct to control pests when necessary Choose least-risk options Choose least-risk options Long-term, preventative practicesLong-term, preventative practices Evaluation and recordsEvaluation and records Pesticide managementPesticide management Continual improvementContinual improvement
Generic IPM ProgramGeneric IPM Program
Where is IPM practiced?
BreakBreak
Introduction (Session 2)Introduction (Session 2)
• Sources of IPM information• Purchasing and using natural enemies• Pesticide use and safety • IPM education, training and certification • Future of IPM in Florida and elsewhere
IPM topics from Master Gardeners?
http://ipm.ifas.ufl.eduhttp://ipm.ifas.ufl.edu
IPM FloridaIPM Florida provides statewide, interdisciplinary provides statewide, interdisciplinary and inter-unit coordination and assistance for and inter-unit coordination and assistance for
UF/IFAS integrated pest management research UF/IFAS integrated pest management research Extension and education facultyExtension and education faculty
• Habitat-specific integrated pest management guides, fact sheets,• EDIS articles, Featured Creatures, etc.• Links to specialized websites with pest management information specific to a crop or situation.• Key contacts for expert advice on managing pests.• Additional resources for pest identification and management, e.g., diagnostic services.
Direct Access to IPM InformationDirect Access to IPM Information
Extension Extension GuidesGuides
Electronic Data Information Electronic Data Information Source (EDIS)Source (EDIS)
The EDIS website is a comprehensive, The EDIS website is a comprehensive, single-source repository of all current single-source repository of all current
UF/IFAS numbered peer-reviewed UF/IFAS numbered peer-reviewed publications (about 7,500). publications (about 7,500).
http://edis.ifas.ufl.edu/
• AgricultureAgriculture
• Community DevelopmentCommunity Development
• EnvironmentEnvironment
• Families & ConsumersFamilies & Consumers
• 4H Youth development4H Youth development
• Lawn & GardenLawn & Garden
• AquacultureAquaculture• CropsCrops• LivestockLivestock• Nursery & GHNursery & GH• Organic farmingOrganic farming• Agricultural safetyAgricultural safety• Small farmsSmall farms• Turf & sodTurf & sod
Electronic Data Information Electronic Data Information Source (EDIS)Source (EDIS)
or
Featured Creatures provides in-depth profiles of insects, nematodes, arachnids and other organisms. The site is a cooperative venture of the University of Florida's Department of Entomology and Nematology and the Florida Department of Agriculture and Consumer Services' Division of Plant Industry. All articles are official publications of the University of Florida's Institute of Food and Agricultural Sciences.
Scotts Miracle-Gro Company Fined Scotts Miracle-Gro Company Fined $12.5 Million in February 2012 $12.5 Million in February 2012
• pled guilty to “illegally applying insecticides to pled guilty to “illegally applying insecticides to its wild bird food products that are toxic to its wild bird food products that are toxic to birds, falsifying pesticide registration birds, falsifying pesticide registration documents, distributing pesticides with documents, distributing pesticides with misleading and unapproved labels and misleading and unapproved labels and distributing unregistered pesticides”distributing unregistered pesticides”
• The insecticides added to Scotts wild bird The insecticides added to Scotts wild bird food products were Actellic 5E and Storcide IIfood products were Actellic 5E and Storcide II
Pesticide InformationPesticide Information
• UF/IFAS Pesticide Information OfficeUF/IFAS Pesticide Information Office
• CDMS- ChemSearch CDMS- ChemSearch
• CDMS- CDMS- http://www.cdms.net/http://www.cdms.net/
• LabelsMsds/LMDefault.aspxLabelsMsds/LMDefault.aspx
• EPA- EPA- http://www.epa.gov/http://www.epa.gov/
• opp00001/regulating/opp00001/regulating/
• registering/data_sources.htmregistering/data_sources.htm
• Extension Pesticide Applicator TrainingExtension Pesticide Applicator Training
Extension Diagnostic ServicesExtension Diagnostic Services
What can the Gainesville campus diagnostic What can the Gainesville campus diagnostic laboratories do for a master gardener volunteer client?laboratories do for a master gardener volunteer client?
Anthony CamerinoCitrus County Extension
Master Gardener Volunteer Coordinator
IPM Florida Presentation Number 18
Extension Soil Testing
Plant Disease Clinic & Nematode
Assay Insect Identification
Plant Identification
How to Send a Sample to Gainesville How to Send a Sample to Gainesville and Receive the Results?and Receive the Results?
Maybe if I put enough stuff in this box, put a stamp on it, and send it to Gainesville someone will tell me what’s wrong with my plant?
Master Gardener Volunteer Plant Clinic/Phone Room
I can’t diagnosis your problem here, but I can get your sample to the right lab for an accurate and timely diagnosis.
http://www.flpesticide.us/http://www.flpesticide.us/
Florida Pesticide Product Data
15584 Products Registered
Select and Submit Search Option
Active Ingredient EPA Registration Number
Site of Application Product Name
Pest to be Controlled Company Name
FDACS, Division of Agricultural Environmental FDACS, Division of Agricultural Environmental Services, Bureau of Pesticides- Online Pesticide Services, Bureau of Pesticides- Online Pesticide
Registration SystemRegistration System
http://utahpests.usu.edu/ipm/files/uploads/pptdocs/05sh-pesticides-new.pdf
http://miami-dade.ifas.ufl.edu/pdfs/pesticide_applicator/Insecticide%20Resistance.pdf
Pesticide ResistancePesticide Resistance
Steve TothSteve TothSouthern Region IPM CenterSouthern Region IPM Center
Tom AndersonTom AndersonFMC CorporationFMC Corporation
Fred FishelFred FishelUF/IFASUF/IFAS
http://www.irac-online.org/
1. Acetylcholine esterase inhibitor (Carbamates, Carbaryl; Organophosphates, Malathion)2. GABA-gated chloride channel antagonists (Cyclodiene organochlorines, chlordane; Phenylpyrazoles, Fipronil)3. Sodium channel modulators (Pyrethroids, Pyrethrins, Bifenthrin; DDT, Methoxychlor, DDT)4. Nicotinic Acetylcholine receptor agonists (Neonicotinoids, Imidacloprid; Nicotine Nicotine; Sulfoxaflor, Sulfoxaflor5. Nicotinic Acetylcholine receptor allosteric activators (Spinosyns, Spinosad)6. Chloride channel activators (Avermectins, Abamectin; Milbemycins) 7. Juvenile hormone mimics (Juvenile hormone analogues, Methoprene, Fenoxycarb, Pyriproxyfen)8. Miscellaneous nonspecific (multi-site) inhibitors (Alky halides, Methyl bromide, Chloropicrin, Sulfuryl fluoride)9. Selective homopteran feeding blockers (Pymetrozine, Flonicamid)10. Mite growth inhibitors (Clofentezine)11. Microbial disruptor of insect midgut membranes (Bacillus thuringiensis and the insecticidal proteins they
produce; Bacillus sphaericus)12. Inhibitors of mitochondrial ATP synthase (Diafenthiuron; Organotin miticides, Azocyclotin)13. Uncouplers of oxidative phosphorylation via disruption of proton gradient (Chlorfenapyr; Sulfuramid)14. Nicotinic acetylcholine receptor channel blockers (Nereistoxin analogues, Bensultap) 15. Inhibitors of chitin biosynthesis, type 0 (Benzoylureas, Diflubenzuron) 16. Inhibitors of chitin biosynthesis, type 1 (Buprofezin)17. Moulting disruptor, Dipteran (Cyromazine)18. Ecdysone receptor agonists (Diacylhydrazines, Tebufenozide)19. Octopaminergic receptor agonists (Amitraz)20. Mitochondrial complex III electron transport inhibitors (Hydramethylnon)21. Mitochondrial complex I electron transport inhibitors (METI acaricides and insecticides, Fenpyroximate,
Rotenone)22. Voltage-dependent sodium channel blockers (Indoxacarb)23. Inhibitors of acetyl CoA carboxylase - Lipid synthesis, growth regulation (Tetronic and Tetramic acid
derivatives, Spirotetramat)24. Mitochondrial complex IV electron transport inhibitors (Zinc phosphide, Cyanide)25. Mitochondrial complex II electron transport inhibitors (Beta-ketonitrile derivatives, Cyenopyrafen) 26. Vacant27. Vacant28. Ryanodine receptor modulators (Diamides, Chlorantraniliprole) 29. (UN) Compounds of unknown or uncertain mode of action
IRAC Insecticide ClassificationIRAC Insecticide Classification
Whitefly Insecticides Examples IRAC Active Ingredient
Nerve /Muscle poisons
Contact Carbamate Vydate 1A Restricted
Organophosphate Monitor 1B Restricted
Cyclodiene Thionex 1C End 2014 Restricted
Pyrethroid Mustang 2 Restricted
Systemic Neonicotinoids AdmireProvado
4A Imidacloprid Tolerance issues
ActaraPlatinum
4A Thiamethoxam
VenomScorpion
4A Dinotefuran
Assail 4A Acetamiprid
Diamides Coragen, Verimark*
28 Rynaxypyr, Cyazypyr
• USER SAFETY RECOMMENDATIONS
• ENVIRONMENTAL HAZARDS• DIRECTIONS FOR USE• AGRICULTURAL USE
REQUIREMENTS• NON-AGRICULTURAL USE
REQUIREMENTS• LIMITED WARRANTY AND
LIABILITY• RISKS OF USING THIS PRODUCT• RESISTANCE MANAGEMENT• RESTRICTIONS AND LIMITATIONS• PLANT TOLERANCE• MIXING INSTRUCTIONS• SPRAY DRIFT MANAGEMENT• APPLICATION PROCEDURES• RESTRICTIONS AND LIMITATIONS• APPLICATION ON PLANTS FOR
PESTS• STORAGE AND DISPOSAL
IPM Extension In-Service TrainingIPM Extension In-Service Training• Hands-On IPM Training Through UF Living Extension IPM Laboratory - Hands-On IPM Training Through UF Living Extension IPM Laboratory -
Bob Hochmuth Bob Hochmuth
• The Role of Cover Crops in Integrated Pest Management – The Role of Cover Crops in Integrated Pest Management –
Danielle Treadwell Danielle Treadwell
• Habitat Manipulations for Management of Arthropods - Russ Mizell Habitat Manipulations for Management of Arthropods - Russ Mizell
• Beneficial Wildlife: Animals Helpful to Have On Your Farm - Holly Ober Beneficial Wildlife: Animals Helpful to Have On Your Farm - Holly Ober
• Selective Tactics Used in IPM for Reducing Pest Populations in Fruit Selective Tactics Used in IPM for Reducing Pest Populations in Fruit and Vegetable Production - Oscar Liburd and Vegetable Production - Oscar Liburd
• Traps and Soft Insecticides for Management of Arthropods - Russ Mizell Traps and Soft Insecticides for Management of Arthropods - Russ Mizell
• Is It a Good Bug or a Bad Bug? - Susan Webb Is It a Good Bug or a Bad Bug? - Susan Webb
• Fruit Orchard IPM - Russ Mizell Fruit Orchard IPM - Russ Mizell
• Agronomic Crop IPM - Elena Toro Agronomic Crop IPM - Elena Toro
• Peanut Insect Management - David Adams, University of Georgia Peanut Insect Management - David Adams, University of Georgia
http://smallfarms.ifas.ufl.edu/downloads/index.html
Vegetable Crop IPM –Vegetable Crop IPM – Sunflowers as a Trap Crop Sunflowers as a Trap Crop
IPM Education and Training
Prevent pest outbreaks through habitat Prevent pest outbreaks through habitat manipulation and other cultural practicesmanipulation and other cultural practices
Gain experience with pest habitats, e.g., Gain experience with pest habitats, e.g., crops or buildingscrops or buildings
Know the life cycles of the host plants, Know the life cycles of the host plants, pests and beneficial organismspests and beneficial organisms
Understand the ecology and adaptability Understand the ecology and adaptability of the organismsof the organisms
Pest Prevention and Detection
IPM Education and Training
Utilize scouting and other monitoring techniques
Accurately identify key pest and beneficial organisms
Apply damage, economic and other action thresholds
Design systems of mitigation that minimize environmental impacts
Pest Identification and Management
IPM Education and Training
Practice safe and appropriate use of Practice safe and appropriate use of pesticides and other IPM tacticspesticides and other IPM tactics
Know current laws and regulations Know current laws and regulations pertinent to pest managementpertinent to pest management
Be able to rapidly access pest Be able to rapidly access pest management information management information
Be involved in pest management and Be involved in pest management and related organizationsrelated organizations
General Knowledge and Professionalism
IPM Capabilities
Education & experience. An inter-disciplinary education in the traditional scientific disciplines plus hands-on, practical experience is essential.
Synthesis & integration. Education and training prepare pest managers to synthesize knowledge from across disciplines and integrate pest management within entire production systems.
IPM Capabilities
Problem solving & critical thinkingProblem solving & critical thinking. . Experience is gained in accurately Experience is gained in accurately diagnosing and rapidly solving diagnosing and rapidly solving plant health plant health problems while minimizing environmental problems while minimizing environmental impacts and economic losses.impacts and economic losses.
Speaking & writing effectivelySpeaking & writing effectively. Superior . Superior communication skillscommunication skills, both written and , both written and verbal, are required to effectively verbal, are required to effectively communicate IPM principles and practices. communicate IPM principles and practices.
IPM Education, Training and Certification
University of Florida (http://entnemdept.ifas.ufl.edu)
B.S., M.S. (thesis or not-thesis), Ph.D. degrees in Entomology or Nematology
Distance M.S. degree with a specialization in Entomology or Pest Management, or a Certificate in Urban Pest Management, Landscape Pest Management, or Pest Control Technology
Doctor of Plant Medicine (non-thesis, interdisciplinary)
University of Nebraska- Doctor of Plant Health
University M.S. programs
IPM3 distance education program (U. Minnesota)
Entomological Society of America- BCE, ACE
American Society of Agronomy- Certified Crop Advisor (CCA), Certified Professional Agronomist (CP-Ag), Certified Professional Plant Pathologist
National Alliance of Independent Crop Consultants- Crop Certification
State CCA, e.g., California
IPM Education, Training and Certification
Opportunities for Sustainable Food Crop Production
Research innovationsResearch innovations Technology implementationTechnology implementation Rapid information exchangeRapid information exchange Education and trainingEducation and training Biosecurity and tradeBiosecurity and trade Food safety- supply chainFood safety- supply chain Environmental stewardshipEnvironmental stewardship
Future of IPM
Sustainable and organic agricultureSustainable and organic agriculture Food security, safety and qualityFood security, safety and quality Community and school IPMCommunity and school IPM Environmental, conservationEnvironmental, conservation Federal and state regulatory activitiesFederal and state regulatory activities Public health, renewable energy, etc. Public health, renewable energy, etc.
Due to its tremendous success and acceptance, IPM is in:
http://www.ipmcenters.org/ipmsymposium12/http://www.ipmcenters.org/ipmsymposium12/
http://ipm.ifas.ufl.eduhttp://ipm.ifas.ufl.edu
IPM Florida provides statewide, interdisciplinary and inter-unit coordination and assistance for
UF/IFAS integrated pest management research Extension and education faculty
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