inda presentation

Bio-feedstocks, Chemicals and Polymers. Trends, Success Stories and Challenges.

KISBP 2012

January 30, 2014.

Bio materials definitions.

Present and Emerging Bio-Feedstock's .

Emerging Bio Chemicals and Players.

First Generation Bioplastics.

Second Generation Biobased Plastics.

Bioplastics Growth Projections and Market Trends.

Applications in Use Today for Bioplastics.

Presentation Outline

Basic Definitions for Bioproducts.

Biobased Products Must be organic and contain some percentage of recently fixed (new) carbon found in biological resources or crops. Focus on renewable resource based origin. Uses C14 content measurement. Biodegradable or Compostable Bioplastics Meet all scientifically recognized standards for biodegradability and compostability of plastics and plastic products. Independent of carbon origin-(i.e. Ecoflex, PBS, PLA ). Focus is on end-of-life or disposability.

Common Renewable Feedstocks

Sugars: Sugar Beet, Sugar cane, sweet sorghum, corn dextrose. Starches: Corn, Cassava, sorghum, sweet potato, wheat. Oils & Fats : Edible: Coconut oil, palm oil, sunflower seed, soy beans. Non Edible: Castor beans, Jatropha.

The Food versus Fuel debate:

• Food Crops Diversion to Fuels/Plastics

• Land Use

• Fertilizer Use

• Pesticide Use

• The “Ripple Effect “

Use of GMO's

Concerns with Existing Feedstocks from Food Crops

Biomass Feedstocks Under Consideration

Lignocellulose (wood, corn stover, other agricultural residues)

Oil seeds

(soy, rape/canola, palm, coconut, Jatropha)

Microalgae

Macroalgae

(kelp)

Waste:

MSW, food processing (cellulosic) Used fats and oils Animal processing wastes (rendering, feathers, hair, manure, etc.)

Green House Gases as Feedstocks

Newlight Technologies PHA’s

Novomer PPC

Biochemical Examples Biochemical Examples

Ethylene/ethylene glycol Braskem, India Glycols.

TPA Gevo, Anellotech, Draths, Genomatica,

UOP, Global Bioenergies, Sabic, Virent,Chemtex.

Succinic acid PTT, DSM, BASF, Bioamber, Roquette,

Mitsubishi Chem., Myriant, Purac.

Adipic acid Rennovia, Verdezyne, Genomatica.

Butane diol Genomatica.

FDCA Avantium.

Ketals Segetis, XLTerra/Reluceo.

Caprolactam Draths.

Acrylic acid Ceres, Dow/OPX.

Isosorbide ADM, Roquette.

Propylene Braskem.

Propane 1,3 diol DuPont / Tate & Lyle.

Bio Ethylene/Ethylene Glycol

ethanol

ethylene

sugar cane molasses

ethylene oxide ethylene glycol

India Glycols, GTC, FENC, JBF

-H2O

fermentation

oxidation +H2O

Biobased TPA

Virent Process.

Biobased Succinic Acid and Derivatives

Biobased Succinic Acid

Courtesy Myriant

Succinic acid/PBS • BioAmber • PTT • MCC • DSM/Roquette • BASF/Purac

Butane diol • Genomatica

Adipic acid • Rennovia • Verdezyne

Bio Butane Diol

FDCA (furan 2,5 dicarboxylic acid) - Avantium

Compounded, Biobased & Compostable

O O

OH OH HO HO

H H

CH3 CH3

L-Lactic Acid L-Lactic Acid

O

OH HO

H

CH3

L-Lactic Acid

O O

OH OH HO HO

H3C H3C H H

D-Lactic Acid

(0.5%)

O

OH HO

H3C H

D-Lactic Acid

(0.5%)

Polylactic Acid (PLA)

100% Renewable & Compostable

First Generation BioplasticsFirst Generation Bioplastics

Starch/PLA/ECOFLEX

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First Generation PHA’s

PHA picture courtesy

Compostable, Biodegradable and Renewable

of Metabolix

Starch Blends

Hydrolytic stability

Distortion Temp

Vapor Transmission

Shelf Life

Areas of Concern

PLA

Hydrolytic Stability

Distortion Temp

(amorphous)

Vapor Transmission

Shelf Life

Tear strength

Melt Strength

PHA’S

Hydrolytic Stability

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Shelf Life

Processability

Melt Strength

Economics

Performance Concerns of First Generation Performance Concerns of First Generation Compostable Bioplastics Compostable Bioplastics

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Second Generation Bioplastics Developments

Green Polyethylene

ethanol

ethylene

sugar cane molasses

HDPE polyethylene

Braskem

Non Compostable

Bio PET

Nylon 6,6

Sorona™-PTT

bottles

films

fibers

Plant based carbohydrates

FDCA

PEF

EG

Courtesy of Avantium

Avantium PEF ‘yxy’

Bioplastics are still less than 1% of the approximate 240 million tons

of plastics in use today.

Projected Biomaterials TrendsProjected Biomaterials Trends

Sales Trends in Bioplastics Sales Trends in Bioplastics

Jim Lunt & Associates LLC. Projections

205KT 500KT 1.2MT

Continuing lack of infrastructure for use and disposal of compostable plastics. “Compostables” performance v durables. Increasing demand for biobased, semi-durable and durable products for household goods, electronics and automotive applications. Increasing interest and developments in existing and new monomers from renewable resources.

Why The Change?Why The Change?

Bioplastic Products Development/Commercial

PLA

Cellulose Acetate

Compounded PLA/Starch Blends

Green Polyethylene

Bio PET

Sorona

Avantium PEF

Made from 100% Recycled

PEF

Conventional polyester

dyeing technology

Conventional polyester spinning

technology

Challenges/Opportunities for Bio Materials.Challenges/Opportunities for Bio Materials.

Oil pricing continuing to increase.

Improved performance/ reduced cost.

Composting/recycling infrastructure developments.

Expanding from single-use compostable to durable applications.

Moving to non-food source feedstocks.

Competition from carbon dioxide based plastics.

Natural gas dynamics on polyolefin/ aromatics Pricing.

Thank YouThank YouThank YouThank You