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Institute of Developing Economies, JETRO
Import Rejections of Agricultural and Food Products from East Asia
Lei Lei IDE-JETRO
10/01/2015
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Institute of Developing Economies, JETRO
The Role of the Agricultural Sector East Asia (14 countries) - Brunei, Cambodia, Indonesia,
Malaysia, Lao, Myanmar, Philippines, Singapore, Thailand, Viet Nam, China (SARs included), Japan, North and South Korea;
In the low- and middle-income countries, agriculture still plays essential role in economic growth or poverty reduction with structural transformation.
They have been (especially the transforming ones) actively exporting agricultural and food products on account of their technological capacity and traditional comparative advantage in agricultural sector.
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Institute of Developing Economies, JETRO
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Institute of Developing Economies, JETRO
4
0
5000
10000
15000
2000 2001 2002 2003 2004 2005 2006 2007 2008 2009 2010 2011 2012
Mill
ion
US$
Agricultural and Food Exports from East Asia
2000-2012 (FAO data)
Food Agro
0
100
200
300
400
500
600
2000 2001 2002 2003 2004 2005 2006 2007 2008 2009 2010 2011 2012
Billi
on in
US$
Africa
Northern America
South America
Eastern Asia
Southern Asia
Europe
0
50
100
150
200
250
300
350
400
450
2000 2001 2002 2003 2004 2005 2006 2007 2008 2009 2010 2011 2012
Agricultural and Food Exports by Region 2000-2012 (FAO data)
Institute of Developing Economies, JETRO
Challenges of Import Rejections In 2013, an estimated US$9328 million worth of agriculture
and food products (all food and feeds) were rejected at the borders of four markets (Australia, EU, Japan, and US).
The reasons for these rejections are because the products are not complied with the food safety regulations in these markets. In particular, residual traces of agricultural chemicals and veterinary
drugs
The border rejections are just a tip of an iceberg. A larger amount of potentially exportable goods are rejected within
the supply chain
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Institute of Developing Economies, JETRO
Reasons for Rejections
In the Australian market Labeling is most often cited
In the EU market Bacterial contamination and
Additives
In the Japanese market Additives and Bacterial
contamination
In the US market Labeling, Adulteration/ missing
documents, and Hygienic control/conditions
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0% 20% 40% 60% 80% 100%
US
JPN
EU
AUS
Institute of Developing Economies, JETRO
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0
2000
4000
6000
8000
10000
12000
2002 2003 2004 2005 2006 2007 2008 2009 2010 2011 2012 2013
Number of Agri-food Products Import Rejections in 4 Markets
Japan EU AU USA
0
0.1
0.2
0.3
0.4
0.5
0.6
0.7
2002 2003 2004 2005 2006 2007 2008 2009 2010 2011 2012 2013
East Asia Percentage
Japan EU AU USA
AU: 2003-2013 EU: 2002-2013 JP: 2006-2013 US: 2002-2013
Institute of Developing Economies, JETRO
AU EU Japan USA
Rank Import share
Import share
Import share
Import share
1 China 6.4 China 4.6 China 14.3 Mexico 13.8 2 India 1.7 Turkey 3.4 US 24.3 India 2.3 3 Japan 0.7 Iran 0.4 Vietnam 1.7 China 5.7 4 US 10.8 India 2.3 Thailand 5.8 UK 2.3
5 Italy 4.4 US 8.1 Ghana 0.2 Canada 17.5 6 Thailand 6.6 Brazil 12.2 Italy 1.3 Vietnam 1.8 7 Korea, S 0.7 Thailand 2.4 Korea, S 2.7 Dominic 0.4 8 Philippines 0.5 Vietnam 1.8 India 1.5 Thailand 3.8 9 Vietnam 2.8 Argentina 6.6 Indonesia 1.8 Indonesia 2.2
10 Malaysia 3.7 Egypt 0.6 Ecuador 0.2 Japan 0.8 11 Indonesia 1.8 Morocco 2.1 Canada 6.5 Korea, S 0.5 12 France 3.1 Indonesia 2.9 France 2.8 Italy 3.9 13 UK 3.7 Ukraine 2.0 Philippines 2.0 France 4.2 14 South Africa 0.8 Bangladesh 0.3 Brazil 4.1 Philippines 1.3 15 Sri Lanka 0.4 Ghana 1.2 Spain 0.8 Pakistan 0.1
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Institute of Developing Economies, JETRO
Average Number of Detentions in 4 Markets (Myanmar & Malaysia)
9
0
10
20
30
40
50
60
AU EU Japan USA
Myanmar Maylaysia
AU: 2003-2013 EU: 2002-2013 JP: 2006-2013 US: 2002-2013
Institute of Developing Economies, JETRO
Malaysia and Myanmar’s relative performance in Australia
10
TH
CN
SG
MYVNID
JPKR
PH
HK
MM
-5
-4
-3
-2
-1
1
2
3
4
5
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-5 -4 -3 -2 -1 1 2 3 4 5+ + + + + + + + + +
Ln S
hare
of D
eten
tions
Ln Share of Imports
Large exportersmall exporter
Good Performer
Bad Performer
Institute of Developing Economies, JETRO
Malaysia and Myanmar’s relative performance in EU
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CN
ID
THVN
MYPHJPSGKR
HK
KH
LA
MM
-5
-4
-3
-2
-1
1
2
3
4
5
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-5 -4 -3 -2 -1 1 2 3 4 5+ + + + + + + + + +
Ln S
hare
of D
eten
tions
Ln Share of Imports
Large exportersmall exporter
Good Performer
Bad Performer
Institute of Developing Economies, JETRO
Malaysia and Myanmar’s relative performance in Japan
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CN
TH
KRPH
ID
VN
MY
SGHK
MM
LA
KH
-5
-4
-3
-2
-1
1
2
3
4
5
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-5 -4 -3 -2 -1 1 2 3 4 5+ + + + + + + + + +
Ln S
hare
of D
eten
tions
Ln Share of Imports
Large exportersmall exporter
Good Performer
Bad Performer
Institute of Developing Economies, JETRO
Malaysia and Myanmar’s relative performance in USA
13
CN
THIDVN
MY
PHJPKR
SG
HK
KH
MM
-5
-4
-3
-2
-1
1
2
3
4
5
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-5 -4 -3 -2 -1 1 2 3 4 5+ + + + + + + + + +
Ln S
hare
of D
eten
tions
Ln Share of Imports
Large exportersmall exporter
Good Performer
Bad Performer
Institute of Developing Economies, JETRO
Non-compliance along the Global Supply Chain
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Institute of Developing Economies, JETRO
Let Trade Work Better -- for developing countries in East Asia
Promoting agri-food exports to access to the global value chain is important for their economic development. Meeting standards, winning markets Strengthening their compliance capacities
along the value chain is a critical issue for their development.
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Institute of Developing Economies, JETRO
Thank you! Port rejection data - UNIDO dataset and analysis based on EU
RASFF, US OASIS, AQIS, and Japanese MHLW data Trade data – FAO Trade Standards Compliance Report 2015
http://www.unido.org/tradestandardscompliance.html
Regional Trade Standards Compliance Report (TSCR) – East Asia 2013 http://www.ide.go.jp/Japanese/Publish/Download/Collabo/UNIDO_20
13.html
Regional Trade Standards Compliance Report (TSCR) – East Asia 2015- coming soon~
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