illicit manufacture
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Illicit ManufactureNumber of clandestine laboratories* detected, 2012-2016.
Africa
Southern and South-Eastern Africa
Country or Territory Year Main substances
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Breakdown according to additional substances
Source 1 2 3 4 5 76 8
South Africa 522017 Unknown 41 5 4 2 15 25 11 1 250ARQ
52Total laboratories specified by substance, South Africa-2017:
South Africa 72016 Cannabis (non-specified) 7 7ARQ
1Synthetic cannabioids (non-specified) 1 10ARQ
Heroin 2 0ARQ
8Methaqualone 8 8ARQ
10Methcathinone 8 2 10ARQ
2Methamphetamine (non-specified) 2 2ARQ
28Total laboratories specified by substance, South Africa-2016:
South Africa 292015 Unknown 12 6 3 1 4 24 1 0 029ARQ
29Total laboratories specified by substance, South Africa-2015:
South Africa 112013 Hydroponic 11HONLAF
7Methcathinone 7HONLAF
1GHB 1HONLAF
8Methaqualone 8HONLAF
27Total laboratories specified by substance, South Africa-2013:
West and Central Africa
Country or Territory Year Main substances
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Breakdown according to additional substances
Source 1 2 3 4 5 76 8
Page 1 of 29
Number of clandestine laboratories* detected, 2012-2016.
Nigeria 12017 Methamphetamine (non-specified) 1 1 1ARQ
1Total laboratories specified by substance, Nigeria-2017:
Nigeria 2016 Methamphetamine (non-specified) 1 1 1 1 1ARQ
Total laboratories specified by substance, Nigeria-2016:
Nigeria 22015 Methamphetamine (non-specified) 2ARQ
2Total laboratories specified by substance, Nigeria-2015:
Nigeria 22014 Methamphetamine (non-specified) 2ARQ
2Total laboratories specified by substance, Nigeria-2014:
Americas
Caribbean
Country or Territory Year Main substances
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Breakdown by phase Breakdown by scale
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Breakdown according to additional substances
Source 1 2 3 4 5 76 8
Dominican Republic 12017 Fentanyl 10ARQ
1Ecstasy (non-specified) 1 Ketamine0ARQ
2Total laboratories specified by substance, Dominican Republic-2017:
Central America (excluding Mexico)
Country or Territory Year Main substances
Nu
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f
Lab
ora
torie
s*
Syn
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Pro
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Breakdown by phase Breakdown by scale
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Breakdown according to additional substances
Source 1 2 3 4 5 76 8
El Salvador 2015 Methamphetamine (non-specified) 1 0ARQ
Total laboratories specified by substance, El Salvador-2015:
El Salvador 12013 Cocaine (non-specified), Crack 1 1 1 1 10ARQ
1Total laboratories specified by substance, El Salvador-2013:
Guatemala 12016 Amphetamine (non-specified) 1 0 1 0 1 0 0 0 1 Methamphetamine (non-specified)0ARQ
1Total laboratories specified by substance, Guatemala-2016:
Page 2 of 29
Number of clandestine laboratories* detected, 2012-2016.
Guatemala 2015 Methamphetamine (non-specified) 5 5 5 40ARQ
Amphetamine (non-specified) 5 5 5 40ARQ
Total laboratories specified by substance, Guatemala-2015:
Guatemala 42014 Methamphetamine (non-specified) 40ARQ
5Amphetamine (non-specified) 50ARQ
9Total laboratories specified by substance, Guatemala-2014:
Guatemala 42013 Methamphetamine (non-specified) 40ARQ
4Amphetamine (non-specified) 40ARQ
8Total laboratories specified by substance, Guatemala-2013:
Honduras 2017 Cocaine (non-specified) 2 1 2 2 2 2 1 0ARQ
Total laboratories specified by substance, Honduras-2017:
Honduras 22016 Marijuana (herb) 2 2 2 Amphetamine (non-specified)0ARQ
1Cocaine (non-specified) 1 1 1ARQ
3Total laboratories specified by substance, Honduras-2016:
Honduras 12015 Cocaine Hydrochloride 1ARQ
1Total laboratories specified by substance, Honduras-2015:
Northern America (including Mexico)
Country or Territory Year Main substances
Nu
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Breakdown according to additional substances
Source 1 2 3 4 5 76 8
Canada 12017 Dimethyltryptamine (DMT) 1 1ARQ
1Unknown 1 1 1ARQ
1Mescaline 1 1 1ARQ
1Unknown 1 1 1ARQ
7Methamphetamine (non-specified) 7 3 1 3 1 Fentanyl6ARQ
11Total laboratories specified by substance, Canada-2017:
Page 3 of 29
Number of clandestine laboratories* detected, 2012-2016.
Canada 222016 Unknown 22ARQ
1Fentanyl 01ARQ
5Ecstasy (non-specified) 05ARQ
8Cocaine (non-specified) 08ARQ
47Methamphetamine (non-specified) 047ARQ
3Heroin 03ARQ
86Total laboratories specified by substance, Canada-2016:
Canada 42014 MDMA 2 0 2 0 0 1 1 0 1 Methamphetamine (non-specified)3ARQ
7Cannabis oil 5 0 1 1 5 0 0 0 07ARQ
1Ephedrine 1 0 0 0 0 1 0 0 01ARQ
3MDA 2 0 1 0 0 0 2 0 2 Ketamine, Methamphetamine (non-specified)1ARQ
29Methamphetamine (non-specified) 4 7 18 0 0 3 1 0 3 Ephedrine26ARQ
2Alprazolam 0 2 0 0 0 0 2 0 02ARQ
3GHB 2 0 1 0 0 2 0 0 03ARQ
1Dimethyltryptamine (DMT) 1 0 0 0 0 1 0 0 01ARQ
50Total laboratories specified by substance, Canada-2014:
Canada 22013 MDMA 1 1 1 2ARQ
2LSD 1 0 0 1 0 0 1 0 2ARQ
4Cannabis oil 3 1 3 4ARQ
1Mushrooms 1 1 1ARQ
1Ketamine 1ARQ
1Synthetic drugs 1 1 1ARQ
13Methamphetamine (non-specified) 6 0 7 0 0 0 6 0 67ARQ
1Dimethyltryptamine (DMT) 1 1 1ARQ
25Total laboratories specified by substance, Canada-2013:
Mexico 82017 Heroin 8 8ARQ
92Methamphetamine (non-specified) 92 92ARQ
100Total laboratories specified by substance, Mexico-2017:
Mexico 1332016 Methamphetamine (non-specified) 133 133ARQ
3Heroin 3 3ARQ
136Total laboratories specified by substance, Mexico-2016:
Page 4 of 29
Number of clandestine laboratories* detected, 2012-2016.
Mexico 32015 Heroin 3 3ARQ
192Methamphetamine (non-specified) 192 192ARQ
195Total laboratories specified by substance, Mexico-2015:
Mexico 92014 Morphine 9 9 9ARQ
10Heroin 10 10ARQ
131Methamphetamine (non-specified) 131 131ARQ
150Total laboratories specified by substance, Mexico-2014:
Mexico 1222013 Methamphetamine (non-specified) 122 122ARQ
3Heroin 3 3ARQ
3Non-specified 3 3ARQ
128Total laboratories specified by substance, Mexico-2013:
United States of America 3,0362017 Methamphetamine (non-specified) 3,036Govt
3,036Total laboratories specified by substance, United States of America-2017:
United States of America 5,4672016 Methamphetamine (non-specified) 5,467Govt
5,467Total laboratories specified by substance, United States of America-2016:
United States of America 12015 Heroin 1 1 1ARQ
61Amphetamine (non-specified) 42 9 10 25 9 7 1 61ARQ
9Dimethyltryptamine (DMT) 9 7 2 9ARQ
3Fentanyl 2 1 2 3ARQ
5Psilocybin 3 2 2 1 5ARQ
260Tetrohydrocannabinol 231 12 17 142 45 40 1 260ARQ
11MDMA 7 1 3 4 0 1 2 11ARQ
7,560Methamphetamine (non-specified) 4,845 966 1,749 4,131 491 204 10 7,560ARQ
18Phencyclidine (PCP) 5 2 11 5 18ARQ
18Anabolic steroids 15 3 11 3 1 18ARQ
3GBL, GHB 3 1 2 3ARQ
11Methcathinone 4 3 4 4 0 0 0 11ARQ
7,960Total laboratories specified by substance, United States of America-2015:
Page 5 of 29
Number of clandestine laboratories* detected, 2012-2016.
United States of America 632014 Amphetamine (non-specified) 60 3 30 6 16 10 63ARQ
2Cocaine (non-specified) 2 1 1 2ARQ
1Psilocybin 1 1 1ARQ
10Dimethyltryptamine (DMT) 8 2 6 1 1 10ARQ
1Heroin 1 1 1ARQ
103Tetrohydrocannabinol 85 7 11 49 21 20 1 103ARQ
5,935Methamphetamine (non-specified) 4,985 950 5,935Govt
6,115Total laboratories specified by substance, United States of America-2014:
United States of America 72013 Cannabis oil 7 0 0 6 0 1 0 7ARQ
8GBL, GHB 6 2 0 1 1 1 8ARQ
1Ketamine 1 1ARQ
63Amphetamine (non-specified) 47 5 11 37 6 4 0 63ARQ
1Fentanyl 1 1ARQ
11Dimethyltryptamine (DMT) 10 1 0 5 3 2 0 11ARQ
26Phencyclidine (PCP) 10 12 4 0 0 3 2 26ARQ
1Anabolic steroids 1 1ARQ
4Psilocybin 4 0 0 2 1 1 4ARQ
16Tetrohydrocannabinol 14 2 0 8 3 3 0 16ARQ
16MDMA 14 2 0 6 3 4 1 16ARQ
11Methcathinone 4 3 4 3 1 0 0 11ARQ
7,932Methamphetamine (non-specified) 6,746 1,186 7,932Govt
8,097Total laboratories specified by substance, United States of America-2013:
South America
Country or Territory Year Main substances
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Breakdown according to additional substances
Source 1 2 3 4 5 76 8
Page 6 of 29
Number of clandestine laboratories* detected, 2012-2016.
Argentina 182017 Cocaine (non-specified) 7 Marijuana (herb)11ARQ
11Marijuana (herb) 1 Cannabis oil10ARQ
1Ecstasy (non-specified) 1 LSD0ARQ
2Cannabis oil 2 Cannabis (non-specified)0ARQ
4Paco 3 Coca base, Cocaine (non-specified), Marijuana
(herb)
1ARQ
36Total laboratories specified by substance, Argentina-2017:
Argentina 212016 Cocaine (non-specified) 3 Marijuana (herb)18ARQ
3Marijuana (herb) 3ARQ
24Total laboratories specified by substance, Argentina-2016:
Argentina 42015 Marijuana (herb) 4 22ARQ
1Synthetic drugs 1 1ARQ
12Cocaine (non-specified) 12 012ARQ
17Total laboratories specified by substance, Argentina-2015:
Argentina 32014 Synthetic drugs 3 3ARQ
4Marijuana (herb) 4 4 Cocaine (non-specified)0ARQ
8Cocaine (non-specified) 8 8ARQ
15Total laboratories specified by substance, Argentina-2014:
Argentina 292013 Cocaine (non-specified) 29ARQ
29Total laboratories specified by substance, Argentina-2013:
Bolivia (Plurinational State of) 3,2412017 Coca base 3,241ARQ
36Cocaine (non-specified) 36ARQ
3,277Total laboratories specified by substance, Bolivia (Plurinational State of)-2017:
Bolivia (Plurinational State of) 4,0652016 Coca base 4,065ARQ
68Cocaine (non-specified) 68ARQ
4,133Total laboratories specified by substance, Bolivia (Plurinational State of)-2016:
Bolivia (Plurinational State of) 4,2342015 Coca base 4,234ARQ
73Cocaine Hydrochloride 73ARQ
4,307Total laboratories specified by substance, Bolivia (Plurinational State of)-2015:
Page 7 of 29
Number of clandestine laboratories* detected, 2012-2016.
Bolivia (Plurinational State of) 5,3062014 Coca base 5,306ARQ
74Cocaine Hydrochloride 74ARQ
5,380Total laboratories specified by substance, Bolivia (Plurinational State of)-2014:
Brazil 32017 Cocaine (non-specified) 3ARQ
3Total laboratories specified by substance, Brazil-2017:
Brazil 12016 Cocaine (non-specified), Phenacetin 1ARQ
6Cocaine (non-specified) 6ARQ
7Total laboratories specified by substance, Brazil-2016:
Brazil 102015 Cocaine (non-specified) 10 10 10 10ARQ
8Ecstasy (non-specified) 8 8 8 8ARQ
18Total laboratories specified by substance, Brazil-2015:
Brazil 182014 Cocaine (non-specified) 0 18 18 18 18ARQ
18Total laboratories specified by substance, Brazil-2014:
Chile 102015 Cocaine Hydrochloride Coca base10ARQ
10Total laboratories specified by substance, Chile-2015:
Chile 222014 Cocaine (non-specified) 22 22ARQ
22Total laboratories specified by substance, Chile-2014:
Chile 92013 Cocaine (non-specified) 9 9ARQ
9Total laboratories specified by substance, Chile-2013:
Colombia 3,9392017 Coca base, Coca paste 3,939 3,939 3,939ARQ
321Cocaine Hydrochloride 321 321 321ARQ
1Heroin 1 1 1ARQ
4,261Total laboratories specified by substance, Colombia-2017:
Colombia 4,5922016 Coca base, Coca paste 4,592 4,592 4,592ARQ
1Heroin 1 1 1ARQ
14Potassium permanganate 14ARQ
228Cocaine Hydrochloride 228 228 228ARQ
4,835Total laboratories specified by substance, Colombia-2016:
Page 8 of 29
Number of clandestine laboratories* detected, 2012-2016.
Colombia 122015 Potassium permanganate 12 12 12ARQ
3,590Coca base 3,590 3,590 3,590ARQ
250Cocaine Hydrochloride 250 250 250ARQ
1Heroin 1 1 1ARQ
3,853Total laboratories specified by substance, Colombia-2015:
Colombia 2,1722014 Coca paste 2,172 2,172ARQ
184Cocaine Hydrochloride 184 184ARQ
1Ecstasy (non-specified) 1 1ARQ
1Heroin 1 1ARQ
9Potassium permanganate 9 9ARQ
2,367Total laboratories specified by substance, Colombia-2014:
Colombia 2362013 Cocaine Hydrochloride 236 236ARQ
2,098Coca paste 2,098 2,098ARQ
3Potassium permanganate 3 3ARQ
1Heroin 1OC2015
2,338Total laboratories specified by substance, Colombia-2013:
Ecuador 22017 Cocaine (non-specified) 2 2ARQ
2Total laboratories specified by substance, Ecuador-2017:
Ecuador 2016 Cocaine (non-specified) 1 1 2ARQ
Total laboratories specified by substance, Ecuador-2016:
Ecuador 22015 Cocaine (non-specified) 1 1 2ARQ
2Total laboratories specified by substance, Ecuador-2015:
Ecuador 22013 Cocaine (non-specified) 2ARQ
2Total laboratories specified by substance, Ecuador-2013:
Paraguay 32017 Cocaine Hydrochloride 3 3 3ARQ
3Total laboratories specified by substance, Paraguay-2017:
Paraguay 22016 Coca base 1 1 1 3 1 Marijuana (herb)1ARQ
2Total laboratories specified by substance, Paraguay-2016:
Page 9 of 29
Number of clandestine laboratories* detected, 2012-2016.
Peru 3092017 Coca paste 309ARQ
46Cocaine Hydrochloride 46ARQ
355Total laboratories specified by substance, Peru-2017:
Peru 272016 Cocaine Hydrochloride 27ARQ
3Precursors (non-specified) 3ARQ
598Coca base 598ARQ
628Total laboratories specified by substance, Peru-2016:
Peru 272014 Cocaine Hydrochloride 27ARQ
598Coca base 598ARQ
625Total laboratories specified by substance, Peru-2014:
Venezuela (Bolivarian Republic of) 652017 Cocaine Hydrochloride 65 65 65ARQ
65Total laboratories specified by substance, Venezuela (Bolivarian Republic of)-2017:
Venezuela (Bolivarian Republic of) 62016 Cocaine Hydrochloride 6 6 6ARQ
6Total laboratories specified by substance, Venezuela (Bolivarian Republic of)-2016:
Asia
East and South-East Asia
Country or Territory Year Main substances
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Breakdown according to additional substances
Source 1 2 3 4 5 76 8
China 582016 Methamphetamine (tablets) 58ARQ
93Ketamine 93ARQ
280Methamphetamine (crystal) 280ARQ
18Heroin 18ARQ
449Total laboratories specified by substance, China-2016:
China 5932015 Non-specified 593ARQ
593Total laboratories specified by substance, China-2015:
Page 10 of 29
Number of clandestine laboratories* detected, 2012-2016.
China 862014 Non-specified 86OC2016
89Ketamine 89OC2016
376Methamphetamine (non-specified) 376OC2016
551Total laboratories specified by substance, China-2014:
China 1182013 Ketamine 118ARQ
397Methamphetamine (non-specified) 397OC2015
515Total laboratories specified by substance, China-2013:
China, Hong Kong SAR 12016 Heroin 0 1 0 0 1 0 0 0 01ARQ
13Crack 13 0 0 0 13 0 0 0 013ARQ
1Methamphetamine (non-specified) 0 1 0 0 1 0 0 0 01ARQ
15Total laboratories specified by substance, China, Hong Kong SAR-2016:
China, Hong Kong SAR 42015 Crack 4 4 4ARQ
1Heroin 1 1 1ARQ
5Total laboratories specified by substance, China, Hong Kong SAR-2015:
China, Hong Kong SAR 112014 Crack 11 11 11ARQ
11Total laboratories specified by substance, China, Hong Kong SAR-2014:
China, Hong Kong SAR 62013 Crack 6 6 6ARQ
0Methamphetamine (non-specified) 6SMART
6Total laboratories specified by substance, China, Hong Kong SAR-2013:
Indonesia 22017 Methamphetamine (non-specified) 2ARQ
1Ecstasy (non-specified) 1ARQ
1MDA 1ARQ
4Total laboratories specified by substance, Indonesia-2017:
Indonesia 42016 Methamphetamine (non-specified) 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 04ARQ
1MDMA 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 01ARQ
5Total laboratories specified by substance, Indonesia-2016:
Indonesia 32015 Methamphetamine (non-specified) 3 3ARQ
1Ecstasy (non-specified) 1 1DAINAP
4Total laboratories specified by substance, Indonesia-2015:
Page 11 of 29
Number of clandestine laboratories* detected, 2012-2016.
Indonesia 42014 MDMA 4 4ARQ
3Methamphetamine (non-specified) 3 3ARQ
7Total laboratories specified by substance, Indonesia-2014:
Indonesia 22013 Methamphetamine (non-specified) 2SMART
0Ecstasy (non-specified) 2SMART
2Total laboratories specified by substance, Indonesia-2013:
Japan 12017 MDA 1 1 1ARQ
1Total laboratories specified by substance, Japan-2017:
Japan 12016 Pseudoephedrine 1 1 01ARQ
1Total laboratories specified by substance, Japan-2016:
Japan 12015 Methamphetamine (non-specified) 1 01ARQ
1Total laboratories specified by substance, Japan-2015:
Malaysia 42017 Heroin 4ARQ
4Ecstasy (non-specified) 4ARQ
2Ermin 5 2ARQ
9Methamphetamine (non-specified) 9ARQ
19Total laboratories specified by substance, Malaysia-2017:
Malaysia 42016 Heroin 4 4 0 0 0 4 0 0 04ARQ
1Ketamine 1 0 1 1 0 0 0 1 01ARQ
16Methamphetamine (non-specified) 16 0 0 0 0 16 0 0 016ARQ
5Ecstasy (non-specified) 5 4 0 0 0 5 0 0 05ARQ
26Total laboratories specified by substance, Malaysia-2016:
Malaysia 72015 Ecstasy (non-specified) 7DAINAP
16Methamphetamine (non-specified) 16DAINAP
1Nimetazepam 1DAINAP
15Heroin 15DAINAP
39Total laboratories specified by substance, Malaysia-2015:
Page 12 of 29
Number of clandestine laboratories* detected, 2012-2016.
Malaysia 62014 MDMA 6 6 6ARQ
8Heroin 8 8 8ARQ
11Methamphetamine (non-specified) 11 9 2 1 Methamphetamine (non-specified)10ARQ
25Total laboratories specified by substance, Malaysia-2014:
Malaysia 82013 Ecstasy (non-specified) 8SMART
18Methamphetamine (non-specified) 18SMART
26Total laboratories specified by substance, Malaysia-2013:
Myanmar 22017 ATS (excluding Ecstasy) 2 1 2ARQ
2Total laboratories specified by substance, Myanmar-2017:
Myanmar 22016 Heroin 2 2 2ARQ
2ATS (excluding Ecstasy) 2 1 2ARQ
4Total laboratories specified by substance, Myanmar-2016:
Myanmar 32015 Amphetamine (non-specified) 3 3ARQ
3Total laboratories specified by substance, Myanmar-2015:
Myanmar 22014 Methamphetamine (non-specified) 2DAINAP
2Total laboratories specified by substance, Myanmar-2014:
Myanmar 22013 Methamphetamine (non-specified) 2SMART
2Total laboratories specified by substance, Myanmar-2013:
Philippines 22017 Methamphetamine (non-specified) 2 2 2 2 2ARQ
2Total laboratories specified by substance, Philippines-2017:
Philippines 102016 Methamphetamine (non-specified) 10 10 010ARQ
10Total laboratories specified by substance, Philippines-2016:
Philippines 22015 Methamphetamine (non-specified) 0 0 2 2 02ARQ
2Total laboratories specified by substance, Philippines-2015:
Philippines 22014 Methamphetamine hydrochloride 2ARQ
2Total laboratories specified by substance, Philippines-2014:
Philippines 12013 Methamphetamine hydrochloride 1ARQ
1Total laboratories specified by substance, Philippines-2013:
Page 13 of 29
Number of clandestine laboratories* detected, 2012-2016.
Republic of Korea 42015 Methamphetamine (non-specified) 4ARQ
4Total laboratories specified by substance, Republic of Korea-2015:
Republic of Korea 22013 Methamphetamine (non-specified) 2 2 02ARQ
2Methamphetamine (non-specified) 2SMART
4Total laboratories specified by substance, Republic of Korea-2013:
Thailand 52013 Methamphetamine (non-specified) 5SMART
1Ecstasy (non-specified) 1SMART
6Total laboratories specified by substance, Thailand-2013:
Viet Nam 32013 Ecstasy (non-specified) 3SMART
3Total laboratories specified by substance, Viet Nam-2013:
Near and Middle East/ South-West Asia
Country or Territory Year Main substances
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Breakdown according to additional substances
Source 1 2 3 4 5 76 8
Afghanistan 32015 Unknown 3 3 3ARQ
3Total laboratories specified by substance, Afghanistan-2015:
Afghanistan 412014 Heroin 41CNPA
41Total laboratories specified by substance, Afghanistan-2014:
Afghanistan 712013 Heroin 71CNPA
71Total laboratories specified by substance, Afghanistan-2013:
Iran (Islamic Republic of) 1412017 Methamphetamine (non-specified) 141ARQ
141Total laboratories specified by substance, Iran (Islamic Republic of)-2017:
Iran (Islamic Republic of) 1812016 Methamphetamine (non-specified) 181ARQ
181Total laboratories specified by substance, Iran (Islamic Republic of)-2016:
Iran (Islamic Republic of) 2162015 Methamphetamine (non-specified) 216 216ARQ
216Total laboratories specified by substance, Iran (Islamic Republic of)-2015:
Page 14 of 29
Number of clandestine laboratories* detected, 2012-2016.
Iran (Islamic Republic of) 3402014 Methamphetamine (non-specified) 340ARQ
340Total laboratories specified by substance, Iran (Islamic Republic of)-2014:
Iran (Islamic Republic of) 4452013 Methamphetamine (non-specified) Unknown445ARQ
445Total laboratories specified by substance, Iran (Islamic Republic of)-2013:
Southern Asia
Country or Territory Year Main substances
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Breakdown according to additional substances
Source 1 2 3 4 5 76 8
India 12017 Ephedrine 1 1 1ARQ
1Heroin 1 1 1 Opium0ARQ
1Synthetic drugs 1 1 1ARQ
1Mephedrone 1 1 1ARQ
1Alprazolam 1 1 10ARQ
1Ketamine 1 1 1ARQ
6Total laboratories specified by substance, India-2017:
India 22016 Amphetamine (non-specified) 2ARQ
1Mephedrone 1ARQ
1Ephedrine 1ARQ
2Alprazolam 11ARQ
1Morphine 10ARQ
7Total laboratories specified by substance, India-2016:
India 12015 Methamphetamine (non-specified) 1 10ARQ
1Total laboratories specified by substance, India-2015:
India 42014 Methamphetamine (non-specified) 4 13ARQ
4Total laboratories specified by substance, India-2014:
Europe
Page 15 of 29
Number of clandestine laboratories* detected, 2012-2016.
Eastern Europe
Country or Territory Year Main substances
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Me
diu
m-to
-
larg
e
Ind
ustria
l
Lab
s with
ad
ditio
na
l
sub
stan
ces Additional substances
Lab
s with
ma
in
sub
stan
ces o
nly
Breakdown according to additional substances
Source 1 2 3 4 5 76 8
Belarus 12017 alpha-PVP 1 1 1ARQ
1Methadone 1 1 1ARQ
1AM2201 1 1 1ARQ
2Amphetamine (non-specified) 2 2 2ARQ
1Mephedrone 1 1 1ARQ
6Total laboratories specified by substance, Belarus-2017:
Belarus 32016 Amphetamine (non-specified) 3 3 3ARQ
3alpha-PVP 3 3 3ARQ
6Total laboratories specified by substance, Belarus-2016:
Belarus 32013 Amphetamine (non-specified) 3ARQ
3Psychotropic substances 3 3 3 3ARQ
1Hashish 1ARQ
7Total laboratories specified by substance, Belarus-2013:
Russian Federation 12017 MDMA 1 1 1 Amphetamine (non-specified)0ARQ
15F-MDMB-PINACA 1ARQ
3Mephedrone 3ARQ
1Hashish, Marijuana (herb) 1ARQ
17Amphetamine (non-specified) 17 16 1 17ARQ
13alpha-PVP 1 Mephedrone12ARQ
36Total laboratories specified by substance, Russian Federation-2017:
Page 16 of 29
Number of clandestine laboratories* detected, 2012-2016.
Russian Federation 12015 AM2201 1 1ARQ
2Desomorphine 2ARQ
33Amphetamine (non-specified) 231ARQ
1Dextromethorphan 1 1ARQ
1Mephedrone 1 1ARQ
2alpha-PVP 2 2ARQ
40Total laboratories specified by substance, Russian Federation-2015:
Russian Federation 12014 3-Methylfentanyl (3-MF, Mefentanyl) 1ARQ
2Methadone 11ARQ
35Amphetamine (non-specified) 134ARQ
3Cannabis oil, Hashish 3ARQ
5Marijuana (herb) 5ARQ
46Total laboratories specified by substance, Russian Federation-2014:
Russian Federation 42013 Cannabis oil, Hashish 4ARQ
1Marijuana (herb) 1ARQ
2Methadone 2ARQ
3Desomorphine 3ARQ
1Methamphetamine (non-specified) 1ARQ
25Amphetamine (non-specified) 25ARQ
36Total laboratories specified by substance, Russian Federation-2013:
Ukraine 952016 Unknown 95ARQ
95Total laboratories specified by substance, Ukraine-2016:
Ukraine 1432015 Unknown 143ARQ
143Total laboratories specified by substance, Ukraine-2015:
South-Eastern Europe (including Turkey)
Country or Territory Year Main substances
Nu
mb
er o
f
Lab
ora
torie
s*
Syn
the
sis
Pro
cessin
g
Sto
rag
e
Du
mp
sites
Breakdown by phase Breakdown by scale
Kitch
en
Oth
er sm
all-
scale
Me
diu
m-to
-
larg
e
Ind
ustria
l
Lab
s with
ad
ditio
na
l
sub
stan
ces Additional substances
Lab
s with
ma
in
sub
stan
ces o
nly
Breakdown according to additional substances
Source 1 2 3 4 5 76 8
Page 17 of 29
Number of clandestine laboratories* detected, 2012-2016.
Albania 12015 Heroin 1MDG
1Cocaine (non-specified) 1MDG
2Total laboratories specified by substance, Albania-2015:
Bulgaria 22016 Methamphetamine (non-specified) 2ARQ
1Amphetamine (non-specified) 1ARQ
3Total laboratories specified by substance, Bulgaria-2016:
Bulgaria 122014 Methamphetamine (non-specified) 12 12 012ARQ
12Total laboratories specified by substance, Bulgaria-2014:
Bulgaria 352013 Methamphetamine (non-specified) 35 35 35ARQ
35Total laboratories specified by substance, Bulgaria-2013:
North Macedonia 12017 Amphetamine (non-specified) 1 1 2 1 1 10ARQ
4Cannabis (non-specified) 4ARQ
5Total laboratories specified by substance, North Macedonia-2017:
Romania 12015 AKB-48f, Ethylphenidate, JWH-018
indazole analogue, XLR-11
1 1 10OC2016
13-MMC, 5 Fluoro AKB48, 5F-MDMB-
PINACA, AB-Fubinaca, bk-MPA, MDMB-
CHMICA, PB-22
1 1 10OC2016
15 Fluoro AKB48, AB-Fubinaca, Manitol,
MDMB-CHMICA
1 1 10OC2016
3Total laboratories specified by substance, Romania-2015:
Romania 12013 JWH-018, MDPV, UR-144 1 1 1OC2017
14-Methylbuphedrone, 4-
Methylethcathinone (4-MEC), 5 Fluoro
AKB48, AKB-48f, AM2201, JWH 210,
MAM2201, UR-144, UR144-Cycloropir
1 1 1OC2017
1Mephedrone 1 1 1OC2017
15 Fluoro AKB48, AKB-48f 1 1 1OC2017
4Total laboratories specified by substance, Romania-2013:
Serbia 2016 Synthetic cannabioids (non-specified) 1ARQ
Amphetamine (non-specified) 1ARQ
Total laboratories specified by substance, Serbia-2016:
Page 18 of 29
Number of clandestine laboratories* detected, 2012-2016.
Serbia 2015 Amphetamine (non-specified) 1ARQ
Synthetic cannabioids (non-specified) 1ARQ
Total laboratories specified by substance, Serbia-2015:
Turkey 32015 Synthetic drugs 3 3ARQ
3Total laboratories specified by substance, Turkey-2015:
Turkey 12013 Synthetic cannabioids (non-specified) 1 1 1ARQ
1Total laboratories specified by substance, Turkey-2013:
Western and Central Europe
Country or Territory Year Main substances
Nu
mb
er o
f
Lab
ora
torie
s*
Syn
the
sis
Pro
cessin
g
Sto
rag
e
Du
mp
sites
Breakdown by phase Breakdown by scale
Kitch
en
Oth
er sm
all-
scale
Me
diu
m-to
-
larg
e
Ind
ustria
l
Lab
s with
ad
ditio
na
l
sub
stan
ces Additional substances
Lab
s with
ma
in
sub
stan
ces o
nly
Breakdown according to additional substances
Source 1 2 3 4 5 76 8Austria 32017 Methamphetamine (non-specified) 1 Amphetamine (non-specified)2ARQ
3Amphetamine (non-specified) 1 Methylamphetamine2ARQ
1Monoacetylmorphine 1ARQ
7Total laboratories specified by substance, Austria-2017:
Austria 42016 Amphetamine (non-specified) 3 Methamphetamine (non-specified)1ARQ
5Methamphetamine (non-specified) 2 Amphetamine (non-specified)3ARQ
9Total laboratories specified by substance, Austria-2016:
Austria 12015 Amphetamine (non-specified) 1 1 1ARQ
9Methamphetamine (non-specified) 9 7 1 9ARQ
10Total laboratories specified by substance, Austria-2015:
Austria 32014 Amphetamine (non-specified) 3 3 3ARQ
9Methamphetamine (non-specified) 9 8 1 9ARQ
12Total laboratories specified by substance, Austria-2014:
Austria 52013 Methamphetamine (non-specified) 5 5 5ARQ
5Total laboratories specified by substance, Austria-2013:
Page 19 of 29
Number of clandestine laboratories* detected, 2012-2016.
Belgium 12017 Cocaine (non-specified) 1 1 1 1ARQ
1MDMA 1 6 1 1ARQ
Synthetic drugs 9 1ARQ
Unknown 5 1ARQ
Benzylmethylketone 1 MDMA1ARQ
6Amphetamine (non-specified) 5 1 2 5 6 Benzylmethylketone6ARQ
Benzylmethylketone 2 6ARQ
8Total laboratories specified by substance, Belgium-2017:
Belgium 32015 MDMA 2 1 1 Amphetamine (non-specified)2ARQ
Unknown 13 2ARQ
3GHB 3 3 3ARQ
4Benzylmethylketone 4 4ARQ
8Amphetamine (non-specified) 8 6 Benzylmethylketone2ARQ
Synthetic drugs 5 2ARQ
18Total laboratories specified by substance, Belgium-2015:
Belgium 2014 Unknown 22 2ARQ
4Benzylmethylketone 4 4 4ARQ
4GHB 4 4 4ARQ
1Unknown 1 1 1ARQ
2Unknown 2 2 2ARQ
Precursors (non-specified) 5 2ARQ
6Amphetamine (non-specified) 6 6 4 Precursors (non-specified)2ARQ
17Total laboratories specified by substance, Belgium-2014:
Belgium 12013 Benzylmethylketone 1 1 1ARQ
4MDMA 3 1 2 1 2 2 Ecstasy (non-specified), MDMA2ARQ
Unknown 14 2ARQ
2GHB 2 2 2ARQ
1Non-specified 1 1 10ARQ
7Amphetamine (non-specified) 7 1 7 3 Precursors (non-specified)4ARQ
1Dimethyltryptamine (DMT) 1 1 1ARQ
16Total laboratories specified by substance, Belgium-2013:
Page 20 of 29
Number of clandestine laboratories* detected, 2012-2016.
Czechia 2642017 Methamphetamine (non-specified) 264 182 63 19 0264ARQ
264Total laboratories specified by substance, Czechia-2017:
Czechia 12016 Amphetamine (non-specified) 1 1 1ARQ
261Methamphetamine (non-specified) 261 200 46 15 261ARQ
262Total laboratories specified by substance, Czechia-2016:
Czechia 2632015 Methamphetamine (non-specified) 263 263ARQ
1Heroin 1 1ARQ
1Codeine 1 1ARQ
265Total laboratories specified by substance, Czechia-2015:
Czechia 2722014 Methamphetamine (non-specified) 272 272ARQ
1Heroin 1 1ARQ
2Codeine 2 2ARQ
275Total laboratories specified by substance, Czechia-2014:
Czechia 2612013 Methamphetamine (non-specified) 261 261ARQ
261Total laboratories specified by substance, Czechia-2013:
Estonia 12013 Amphetamine (non-specified) 1 1 1 1 1ARQ
1Total laboratories specified by substance, Estonia-2013:
France 22013 Synthetic drugs 1 2 20ARQ
2Total laboratories specified by substance, France-2013:
Germany 112017 Amphetamine (non-specified) 11 9 1 1 11ARQ
1LSD 1 1 01ARQ
2Methamphetamine (crystal) 2 1 1 02ARQ
14Total laboratories specified by substance, Germany-2017:
Germany 112016 Methamphetamine (non-specified) 11 7 4 011ARQ
4Amphetamine (non-specified) 4 2 2 04ARQ
15Total laboratories specified by substance, Germany-2016:
Page 21 of 29
Number of clandestine laboratories* detected, 2012-2016.
Germany 22015 Amphetamine (non-specified) 2 2 2ARQ
9Methamphetamine (non-specified) 9 9 9ARQ
1Fentanyl 1 1 1ARQ
12Total laboratories specified by substance, Germany-2015:
Germany 112014 Amphetamine (non-specified) 11 9 2 11ARQ
3Methamphetamine (non-specified) 3 3 3ARQ
1GHB 1 1 1ARQ
1Dimethyltryptamine (DMT) 1 1 1ARQ
16Total laboratories specified by substance, Germany-2014:
Germany 92013 Methamphetamine (non-specified) 8 1 8 9ARQ
11Amphetamine (non-specified) 10 1 9 1 11ARQ
20Total laboratories specified by substance, Germany-2013:
Greece 22017 Marijuana (herb) 1 2ARQ
1MDMA 1ARQ
2Hashish 2ARQ
9Heroin 1 Cocaine (non-specified)9ARQ
1Cocaine (non-specified) 1ARQ
54Cannabis (non-specified) 54ARQ
1Captagon 1ARQ
70Total laboratories specified by substance, Greece-2017:
Greece 602016 Cannabis (non-specified) 60ARQ
2Marijuana (herb) 2ARQ
2Cocaine (non-specified) 2ARQ
3Heroin 3ARQ
67Total laboratories specified by substance, Greece-2016:
Greece 612015 Cannabis (non-specified) 61 61ARQ
3Heroin 3 3ARQ
2Marijuana (herb) 2 Hashish2ARQ
2Cocaine (non-specified) 2 2ARQ
68Total laboratories specified by substance, Greece-2015:
Page 22 of 29
Number of clandestine laboratories* detected, 2012-2016.
Greece 22014 Cocaine (non-specified) 2 2ARQ
3Heroin 3 Cocaine (non-specified)3ARQ
44Cannabis (non-specified) 44 44ARQ
3Heroin 3 3ARQ
52Total laboratories specified by substance, Greece-2014:
Greece 12013 Heroin 1 Cocaine (non-specified)0ARQ
4Heroin 4 4ARQ
22Cannabis (non-specified) 22 22ARQ
5Cocaine (non-specified) 5 5ARQ
32Total laboratories specified by substance, Greece-2013:
Hungary 22017 Amphetamine (non-specified) 2 0 0 0 0 1 1 0 02ARQ
2Total laboratories specified by substance, Hungary-2017:
Hungary 12016 Phenthylamin 2-PEA 1 0 0 0 1 0 0 0 1 Amphetamine (non-specified)0ARQ
1Amphetamine (non-specified) 1 0 0 0 1 0 0 0 1 Phenthylamin 2-PEA0ARQ
2Total laboratories specified by substance, Hungary-2016:
Hungary 22015 Amphetamine (non-specified) 2 2 1 Methamphetamine (non-specified)1ARQ
2Total laboratories specified by substance, Hungary-2015:
Hungary 12014 Amphetamine (non-specified) 1 1 1ARQ
1Total laboratories specified by substance, Hungary-2014:
Hungary 22013 Opium 2ARQ
1Amphetamine (non-specified) 1 1 01ARQ
3Total laboratories specified by substance, Hungary-2013:
Ireland 32017 Methamphetamine (non-specified) 3ARQ
3Total laboratories specified by substance, Ireland-2017:
Ireland 12016 Methamphetamine (non-specified) 01ARQ
1Total laboratories specified by substance, Ireland-2016:
Latvia 12017 Amphetamine (non-specified) 1 1ARQ
2Methadone 2 20ARQ
3Total laboratories specified by substance, Latvia-2017:
Page 23 of 29
Number of clandestine laboratories* detected, 2012-2016.
Latvia 12016 Amphetamine (non-specified) 1 1 1ARQ
1Total laboratories specified by substance, Latvia-2016:
Latvia 22015 Amphetamine (non-specified) 2 2 2ARQ
2Total laboratories specified by substance, Latvia-2015:
Lithuania 12017 Methamphetamine (non-specified) 1ARQ
1Total laboratories specified by substance, Lithuania-2017:
Lithuania 22015 Methamphetamine (non-specified) 1 1 2 2ARQ
2Total laboratories specified by substance, Lithuania-2015:
Lithuania 22013 Methamphetamine (non-specified) 2 2 2ARQ
2Total laboratories specified by substance, Lithuania-2013:
Netherlands 822017 Amphetamine hydrochloride Ecstasy (non-specified)82ARQ
4,670Cannabis (non-specified) 4,670ARQ
4,752Total laboratories specified by substance, Netherlands-2017:
Netherlands 592015 Amphetamine (non-specified), Ecstasy
(non-specified)
59ARQ
59Total laboratories specified by substance, Netherlands-2015:
Netherlands 312014 Synthetic drugs 31ARQ
2Psychotropic substances 2ARQ
18Precursors (non-specified) 18ARQ
51Total laboratories specified by substance, Netherlands-2014:
Norway 302015 Marijuana (herb) 30ARQ
30Total laboratories specified by substance, Norway-2015:
Poland 12017 Unknown 1ARQ
5Methamphetamine (non-specified) 5ARQ
12Amphetamine (non-specified) 12ARQ
1Ecstasy (non-specified) 1ARQ
19Total laboratories specified by substance, Poland-2017:
Page 24 of 29
Number of clandestine laboratories* detected, 2012-2016.
Poland 182016 Amphetamine (non-specified) 18 18 018ARQ
2Mephedrone 2 2 02ARQ
3Methamphetamine (non-specified) 2 2 03ARQ
23Total laboratories specified by substance, Poland-2016:
Poland 12015 MDMA 1 1 1ARQ
5Amphetamine (non-specified) 15 4 1 05ARQ
2Mephedrone 2 2 02ARQ
2Methamphetamine (non-specified) 2 2 02ARQ
10Total laboratories specified by substance, Poland-2015:
Poland 192013 Amphetamine (non-specified) 118ARQ
19Total laboratories specified by substance, Poland-2013:
Portugal 22017 Methamphetamine (non-specified) 2 2 02ARQ
2Total laboratories specified by substance, Portugal-2017:
Portugal 12015 Cocaine (non-specified) 1 1ARQ
1Total laboratories specified by substance, Portugal-2015:
Slovakia 272017 Cannabis (non-specified) 027ARQ
11Methamphetamine (non-specified) 11 11 8 3 011ARQ
38Total laboratories specified by substance, Slovakia-2017:
Slovakia 2016 Cannabis (non-specified) 11ARQ
Total laboratories specified by substance, Slovakia-2016:
Slovakia 72013 Methamphetamine (non-specified) 7 5 2 7ARQ
1Pentedrone 1 1 1ARQ
8Total laboratories specified by substance, Slovakia-2013:
Slovenia 72017 Cocaine (non-specified) 0 7 0 0 0 0 7 0 07ARQ
1Methamphetamine (non-specified) 0 1 0 0 0 0 1 0 10ARQ
1Amphetamine (non-specified) 0 1 0 0 0 0 1 0 01ARQ
9Total laboratories specified by substance, Slovenia-2017:
Page 25 of 29
Number of clandestine laboratories* detected, 2012-2016.
Spain 32016 Cocaine (non-specified) 3ARQ
2Amphetamine (non-specified) 2 2 0 2 0 0 0 Marijuana (herb)2ARQ
5Total laboratories specified by substance, Spain-2016:
Spain 12015 Amphetamine (non-specified) 1 1 1 1ARQ
2Cocaine (non-specified) 2ARQ
3Total laboratories specified by substance, Spain-2015:
Spain 12014 Heroin 1 1 1ARQ
2Cocaine (non-specified) 2 2 2ARQ
3Synthetic drugs 3 3 3ARQ
6Total laboratories specified by substance, Spain-2014:
Spain 12013 Heroin 1 1 Heroin1ARQ
2Amphetamine (non-specified) 2 1 2 1 ATS (excluding Ecstasy)1ARQ
2Cocaine (non-specified) 2 2 0 Unknown2ARQ
5Total laboratories specified by substance, Spain-2013:
Sweden 32017 Amphetamine (non-specified) 3 1 2 3ARQ
1Flunitrazolam 1 1 1ARQ
1Alprazolam 1 1ARQ
3MDMA 1 1 3ARQ
1Fentanyl 1 1 1ARQ
9Total laboratories specified by substance, Sweden-2017:
Sweden 22015 Amphetamine (non-specified) 2 2ARQ
2Total laboratories specified by substance, Sweden-2015:
Sweden 2014 Non-specified 1 1 2ARQ
Cocaine (non-specified) 2 2 2ARQ
Amphetamine (non-specified) 1 1 2ARQ
Total laboratories specified by substance, Sweden-2014:
Switzerland 32013 Methamphetamine (non-specified) 3 3 3ARQ
3Total laboratories specified by substance, Switzerland-2013:
Oceania
Page 26 of 29
Number of clandestine laboratories* detected, 2012-2016.
Australia and New Zealand
Country or Territory Year Main substances
Nu
mb
er o
f
Lab
ora
torie
s*
Syn
the
sis
Pro
cessin
g
Sto
rag
e
Du
mp
sites
Breakdown by phase Breakdown by scale
Kitch
en
Oth
er sm
all-
scale
Me
diu
m-to
-
larg
e
Ind
ustria
l
Lab
s with
ad
ditio
na
l
sub
stan
ces Additional substances
Lab
s with
ma
in
sub
stan
ces o
nly
Breakdown according to additional substances
Source 1 2 3 4 5 76 8
Australia 102017 Dimethyltryptamine (DMT), Mescaline,
Psilocybin
5 1 2 3 4 1 2 Cannabis oil, Methylamphetamine8ARQ
141-4 butanediol, GHB 5 1 1 11 2 14ARQ
110Unknown 3 12 10 9 5 110ARQ
13Cannabis (non-specified) 9 3 9 1 1 Psilocybin12ARQ
15Hypo, Methylamine, Phenylacetone, PSE 1 4 6 2 15ARQ
17MDA, MDMA 6 1 1 3 2 5 2 Methylamphetamine, Unknown15ARQ
206Methylamphetamine 128 7 16 3 51 51 18 34 13 Anabolic steroids, Cannabis oil, Cocaine (non-
specified), Dimethyltryptamine (DMT), Heroin,
MDMA, PMA, Pseudoephedrine,
Tetrohydrocannabinol
193ARQ
3Fentanyl, Heroin 1 2 1 2 1 Methylamphetamine2ARQ
388Total laboratories specified by substance, Australia-2017:
Australia 12014 Anabolic steroids 1ARQ
7MDA 7ARQ
2Synthetic cannabioids (non-specified) 2ARQ
241Non-specified 241ARQ
10GBL 10ARQ
1Dimethyltryptamine (DMT) 1ARQ
159Amphetamine (non-specified) GHB159ARQ
2Heroin homebake 2ARQ
423Total laboratories specified by substance, Australia-2014:
Page 27 of 29
Number of clandestine laboratories* detected, 2012-2016.
Australia 32013 GHB 3ARQ
11Methamphetamine (non-specified) 10 1 11 11ARQ
2Heroin homebake 2ARQ
5Cannabis oil 5 Methylamphetamine0ARQ
4Pseudoephedrine 4ARQ
3GHB Methylamphetamine3ARQ
5Phencyclidine (PCP) 5ARQ
1Heroin homebake Methylamphetamine1ARQ
270Methylamphetamine 270ARQ
304Total laboratories specified by substance, Australia-2013:
New Zealand 792017 Methamphetamine (non-specified) 45 0 35 0 14 18 13 0 79ARQ
79Total laboratories specified by substance, New Zealand-2017:
New Zealand 742016 Methamphetamine (non-specified) 17 0 57 0 6 0 11 0 074ARQ
74Total laboratories specified by substance, New Zealand-2016:
New Zealand 22015 Heroin homebake 2 2ARQ
45Methamphetamine (non-specified) 45 45ARQ
1Dimethyltryptamine (DMT) 1 1ARQ
21Unknown 21 21ARQ
69Total laboratories specified by substance, New Zealand-2015:
New Zealand 262014 Unknown 21 21 26ARQ
55Methamphetamine (non-specified) 13 0 42 0 55 055ARQ
81Total laboratories specified by substance, New Zealand-2014:
New Zealand 22013 MDMA 2 11ARQ
53Methamphetamine (non-specified) 53 53 53 0 47 6 0 53ARQ
21Unknown 21 0 21 21ARQ
1GBL 1 1 1 0 1 1 Mescaline0ARQ
77Total laboratories specified by substance, New Zealand-2013:
Page 28 of 29
Number of clandestine laboratories* detected, 2012-2016.
Sources: Annual Report Questionnaire (ARQ); Meeting of Heads of National Drug Law Enforcement Agencies, Africa (HONLAF); Government (Govt); Official Communication on WDR-2015 (OC2015); Official Communication on WDR-2016
(OC2016); UNODC SMART Programme (SMART); Drug Abuse Information Network for Asia and the Pacific (DAINAP); Counter Narcotics Police of Afghanistan (CNPA); Mini Dublin Group (MDG); Official Communication on WDR-2017 (OC2017)
1. At “synthesis laboratories” (also known as “powder laboratories”), synthetic drugs, drug intermediates and precursor chemicals in any form are manufactured from precursor and other chemicals. Such laboratories may or may not be operational at the time of discovery.
2. Laboratories dedicated to refining, tableting, cutting and packaging are where drugs are processed but where no evidence of synthesis exists. MDMA powder is pressed into tablets, powder or liquid methamphetamine is refined into the crystal form, drug powders are diluted
(“cut”) to increase bulk and maximize profits and materials temporarily disguised for trafficking purposes are recovered (e.g. for cocaine conversion). There is no evidence of drug synthesis at the location.
3. At sites where equipment or chemicals are stored there may be some or even all the components needed to manufacture drugs, but there is no evidence that drug synthesis or any other operation is taking place.
4. Dumping sites are locations where equipment, packaging or chemical waste from synthesis laboratories have been discarded. However, no evidence exists that drug synthesis is taking place at such locations.
5. In “kitchen laboratories” only basic equipment and simple procedures are used. Typically, those operating in such laboratories have a limited or non-existent knowledge of chemistry and simply follow instructions. Usually, there are no significant stores of precursors and the
amount of drugs or other substances manufactured is for personal use (a typical manufacture cycle for amphetamine-type stimulants would yield less than 50 grams of the substance).
6. People operating in other small-scale laboratories have advanced chemical knowledge. At such laboratories, more complex amphetamine-type stimulants may be manufactured. They may be of similar size to “kitchen laboratories” but frequently employ non-improvised
equipment. They may also include experimental laboratories. The amount manufactured is typically for personal use or for use by a limited number of close associates (a typical manufacture cycle for amphetamine-type stimulants would yield less than 500 grams of the substance.
7. Medium-to-large-scale laboratories use commercially available standard equipment and glassware (in some cases, custom-made equipment) and may operate for longer periods of time. They are not very mobile, making it possible to recover precursor chemicals and equipment
in many cases (it is these types of laboratories for which production estimates are the most viable and reliable). The amount manufactured at such sites is primarily for illicit economic gain (a typical manufacture cycle for amphetamine-type stimulants would yield between 0.5 kg
and 50 kg of the substance).
8. Industrial-scale laboratories use oversized equipment and glassware that is either custom-made or purchased from industrial processing sources. Such industrial operations produce significant amounts of amphetamine-type stimulants in very short periods of time, the amount
being limited only by access to precursors, reagents and consumables in adequate quantities and the logistics and manpower to handle large amounts of drugs or chemicals and process them into the next step (a typical manufacture cycle for amphetamine-type stimulants would
yield 50 kg or more).
* The terminology and the categorizations used in these data are based on the relevant question in the Annual Report Questionnaire (ARQ), specifically questions 49-53, Part 4 (Extent and patterns of and trends in drug crop cultivation and drug manufacture and trafficking). In
particular, the term “laboratory” is used in a broad sense consistent with its use in the ARQ, and includes, apart from synthesis laboratories, establishments dedicated to various forms of processing (such as cutting, tableting), storage and disposal of equipment or chemicals
(dumpsites). See footnotes for detailed explanations
Page 29 of 29
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