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Hybrid Heat Pump Solutions for Industrial Energy Savings
Jensen, Jonas Kjær
Publication date:2013
Link back to DTU Orbit
Citation (APA):Jensen, J. K. (Author). (2013). Hybrid Heat Pump Solutions for Industrial Energy Savings. Sound/Visualproduction (digital) http://www.natlab.dtu.dk/Energikonferencer/DTU_International_Energy_Conference_2013
Hybrid Heat Pump Solutions for Industrial EnergySavingsDTU International Energy ConferenceSeptember 10th-12th 2013
Jonas Kjær JensenPhD StudentThermal Energy Section
Agenda
• Introduction to the hybrid absorption compression heat pump• Advantages of zeotropic mixtures specifically NH3/H2O• Evaluation of important design parameters.• Prospect for high temperature development Tsupply <110◦C.• Conclusion & future work
2 DTU Mechanical Engineering, Technical University of Denmark DTU International Energy Conference 11.9.2013
The Hybrid Heat Pump
[1]
[2]
[3] [5]
[6]
[7]
[8]
[9]
[10]
[4]
Absorber
Desorber
IHEX
Liquid/vapour separator
Mixer
𝑚 𝑣𝑎𝑝𝑜𝑢𝑟 𝑚 𝑙𝑒𝑎𝑛
𝑚 𝑟𝑖𝑐ℎ
𝑄 𝑎𝑏𝑠
𝑄 𝑑𝑒𝑠
𝑄 𝐼𝐻𝐸𝑋 𝑊 𝑐𝑜𝑚𝑝 𝑊 𝑝𝑢𝑚𝑝
[11] [12]
[13] [14]
3 DTU Mechanical Engineering, Technical University of Denmark DTU International Energy Conference 11.9.2013
Advantages of Zeotropic MixturesReduction of Vapor Pressure
0 50 100 150 200 250 300 350 4000
20
40
60
80
100
120
140
160
180
200
220
R717→ ←R718
Temperature [◦C]
Vap
orPressure
[bar]
x=0.0x=0.1x=0.2x=0.3x=0.4x=0.5x=0.6x=0.7x=0.8x=0.9x=1.0Critical
4 DTU Mechanical Engineering, Technical University of Denmark DTU International Energy Conference 11.9.2013
Advantages of Zeotropic MixturesReduction of Vapor Pressure
0 50 100 150 200 250 300 350 4000
20
40
60
80
100
120
140
160
180
200
220
R717→ ←R718
Temperature [◦C]
Vap
orPressure
[bar]
28[bar]
Temp. Range 63-230◦C
x=0.0x=0.1x=0.2x=0.3x=0.4x=0.5x=0.6x=0.7x=0.8x=0.9x=1.0Critical
5 DTU Mechanical Engineering, Technical University of Denmark DTU International Energy Conference 11.9.2013
Advantages of Zeotropic MixturesReduction of Vapor Pressure
0 50 100 150 200 250 300 350 4000
20
40
60
80
100
120
140
160
180
200
220
R717→ ←R718
Temperature [◦C]
Vap
orPressure
[bar]
28[bar]
Temp. Range 63-230◦C
130[bar]
Temp. Range 155-330◦C
x=0.0x=0.1x=0.2x=0.3x=0.4x=0.5x=0.6x=0.7x=0.8x=0.9x=1.0Critical
6 DTU Mechanical Engineering, Technical University of Denmark DTU International Energy Conference 11.9.2013
Advantages of Zeotropic MixturesReduction of Entropy Generation
Sink
Source
Tem
pera
ture
[°C
]
Heat Load [kW]
7 DTU Mechanical Engineering, Technical University of Denmark DTU International Energy Conference 11.9.2013
Advantages of Zeotropic MixturesReduction of Entropy Generation
Sink
Source
Tem
pera
ture
[°C
]
Heat Load [kW]
Pure Refrigerant
Pure Refrigerant
8 DTU Mechanical Engineering, Technical University of Denmark DTU International Energy Conference 11.9.2013
Advantages of Zeotropic MixturesReduction of Entropy Generation
Sink
Source
Tem
pera
ture
[°C
]
Heat Load [kW]
Pure Refrigerant
Zeotropic Mixture
Zeotropic Mixture
Pure Refrigerant
9 DTU Mechanical Engineering, Technical University of Denmark DTU International Energy Conference 11.9.2013
Advantages of Zeotropic MixturesReduction of Entropy Generation
Sink
Source
Tem
pera
ture
[°C
]
Heat Load [kW]
Pure Refrigerant
Zeotropic Mixture
Zeotropic Mixture
Pure Refrigerant
Reduced ΔT => Reduced Entropy Generation
10 DTU Mechanical Engineering, Technical University of Denmark DTU International Energy Conference 11.9.2013
Advantages of Zeotropic MixturesReduction of Entropy Generation
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11 DTU Mechanical Engineering, Technical University of Denmark DTU International Energy Conference 11.9.2013
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Absorber
Q [kW]
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Co]
Absorber
x=0.8
12 DTU Mechanical Engineering, Technical University of Denmark DTU International Energy Conference 11.9.2013
Advantages of Zeotropic MixturesReduction of Entropy Generation
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Q [kW]
T [
Co]
Absorber
Q [kW]
T [
Co]
Absorber
x=0.7
13 DTU Mechanical Engineering, Technical University of Denmark DTU International Energy Conference 11.9.2013
Advantages of Zeotropic MixturesReduction of Entropy Generation
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Absorber
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T [
Co]
Absorber
Q [kW]
T [
Co]
Absorber
x=0.6
14 DTU Mechanical Engineering, Technical University of Denmark DTU International Energy Conference 11.9.2013
Advantages of Zeotropic MixturesReduction of Entropy Generation
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Co]
Absorber
Q [kW]
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Co]
Absorber
x=0.5
15 DTU Mechanical Engineering, Technical University of Denmark DTU International Energy Conference 11.9.2013
Advantages of Zeotropic MixturesReduction of Entropy Generation
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Absorber
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Absorber
x=0.3
16 DTU Mechanical Engineering, Technical University of Denmark DTU International Energy Conference 11.9.2013
Advantages of Zeotropic MixturesReduction of Entropy Generation
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Co]
Absorber
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Absorber
x=0.3
17 DTU Mechanical Engineering, Technical University of Denmark DTU International Energy Conference 11.9.2013
Advantages of Zeotropic MixturesReduction of Entropy Generation
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18 DTU Mechanical Engineering, Technical University of Denmark DTU International Energy Conference 11.9.2013
Advantages of Zeotropic MixturesReduction of Entropy Generation
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Co]
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Q [kW]
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Co]
Absorber
Q [kW]
T [
Co]
Absorber
Q [kW]
T [
Co]
Absorber
x=0.1
19 DTU Mechanical Engineering, Technical University of Denmark DTU International Energy Conference 11.9.2013
The Hybrid Heat Pump: Design parameters xr & f
[1]
[2]
[3] [5]
[6]
[7]
[8]
[9]
[10]
[4]
Absorber
Desorber
IHEX
Liquid/vapour separator
Mixer
𝑚 𝑣𝑎𝑝𝑜𝑢𝑟 𝑚 𝑙𝑒𝑎𝑛
𝑚 𝑟𝑖𝑐ℎ
𝑄 𝑎𝑏𝑠
𝑄 𝑑𝑒𝑠
𝑄 𝐼𝐻𝐸𝑋 𝑊 𝑐𝑜𝑚𝑝 𝑊 𝑝𝑢𝑚𝑝
[11] [12]
[13] [14]
20 DTU Mechanical Engineering, Technical University of Denmark DTU International Energy Conference 11.9.2013
Influence of xr & f : Tsink,out = 110◦C, ∆Tlift = 30◦C
Inputs and Assumptions
External InputsTsink,in = 80◦CTsink,out = 110◦CTsource,in = 80◦Cmsink = 1kg/smsource = 10kg/s
Internal Inputs∆Tpinch,abs = 5◦C∆Tpinch,des = 5◦Cηis,comp = 0.7
ηis,pump = 0.7
εIHEX 0.8
Pressure drops are neglected.
21 DTU Mechanical Engineering, Technical University of Denmark DTU International Energy Conference 11.9.2013
Influence of xr & f : Tsink,out = 110◦C, ∆Tlift = 30◦C
0.1 0.2 0.3 0.4 0.5 0.6 0.7 0.8 0.90.1
0.2
0.3
0.4
0.5
0.6
0.7
0.8
0.9
xr [kg/kg]
f [−
]
COP
←R718 Cycle R717 Cycle→
Liquid
Cycle→
←VapourComp.
1
1.5
2
2.5
3
3.5
4
4.5
5
5.5
6
22 DTU Mechanical Engineering, Technical University of Denmark DTU International Energy Conference 11.9.2013
Influence of xr & f : Tsink,out = 110◦C, ∆Tlift = 30◦C
0.1 0.3 0.5 0.7 0.90.1
0.3
0.5
0.7
0.9
xr [kg/kg]
f [−
]
PR [bar/bar]
0
10
20
0.1 0.2 0.3 0.4 0.5 0.6 0.7 0.8 0.90.1
0.2
0.3
0.4
0.5
0.6
0.7
0.8
0.9
xr [kg/kg]
f [−
]
COP
A 1
1.5
2
2.5
3
3.5
4
4.5
5
5.5
6
0.1 0.3 0.5 0.7 0.90.1
0.3
0.5
0.7
0.9
xr [kg/kg]
f [−
]P
H [bar]
0
20
40
60
80
23 DTU Mechanical Engineering, Technical University of Denmark DTU International Energy Conference 11.9.2013
Influence of xr & f : Tsink,out = 110◦C, ∆Tlift = 30◦C
0.1 0.2 0.3 0.4 0.5 0.6 0.7 0.8 0.90.1
0.2
0.3
0.4
0.5
0.6
0.7
0.8
0.9
xr [kg/kg]
f [−
]
COP
1
1.5
2
2.5
3
3.5
4
4.5
5
5.5
6
0.1 0.3 0.5 0.7 0.90.1
0.3
0.5
0.7
0.9
xr [kg/kg]
f [−
]
PL [bar]
0
10
20
30
0.1 0.3 0.5 0.7 0.90.1
0.3
0.5
0.7
0.9
xr [kg/kg]
f [−
]P
H [bar]
0
20
40
60
80
24 DTU Mechanical Engineering, Technical University of Denmark DTU International Energy Conference 11.9.2013
Influence of xr & f : Tsink,out = 110◦C, ∆Tlift = 30◦C
0.1 0.2 0.3 0.4 0.5 0.6 0.7 0.8 0.90.1
0.2
0.3
0.4
0.5
0.6
0.7
0.8
0.9
xr [kg/kg]
f [−
]
COP
1
1.5
2
2.5
3
3.5
4
4.5
5
5.5
6
0.1 0.3 0.5 0.7 0.90.1
0.3
0.5
0.7
0.9
xr [kg/kg]
f [−
]P
H [bar]
0
20
40
60
80
0.1 0.3 0.5 0.7 0.90.1
0.3
0.5
0.7
0.9
xr [kg/kg]
f [−
]
PL [bar]
0
10
20
30
0.1 0.3 0.5 0.7 0.90.1
0.3
0.5
0.7
0.9
xr [kg/kg]
f [−
]
PR [bar/bar]
10
20
30
25 DTU Mechanical Engineering, Technical University of Denmark DTU International Energy Conference 11.9.2013
Influence of xr & f : Tsink,out = 110◦C, ∆Tlift = 30◦C
0.1 0.2 0.3 0.4 0.5 0.6 0.7 0.8 0.90.1
0.2
0.3
0.4
0.5
0.6
0.7
0.8
0.9
xr [kg/kg]
f [−
]
COP
1
1.5
2
2.5
3
3.5
4
4.5
5
5.5
6
0.1 0.3 0.5 0.7 0.90.1
0.3
0.5
0.7
0.9
xr [kg/kg]
f [−
]P
H [bar]
0
20
40
60
80
0.1 0.3 0.5 0.7 0.90.1
0.3
0.5
0.7
0.9
xr [kg/kg]
f [−
]
PL [bar]
0
10
20
30
0.1 0.3 0.5 0.7 0.90.1
0.3
0.5
0.7
0.9
xr [kg/kg]
f [−
]
PR [bar/bar]
10
20
30
0.1 0.3 0.5 0.7 0.90.1
0.3
0.5
0.7
0.9
xr [kg/kg]
f [−
]
TH
[C]
200
400
600
26 DTU Mechanical Engineering, Technical University of Denmark DTU International Energy Conference 11.9.2013
Influence of xr & f : Tsink,out = 110◦C, ∆Tlift = 30◦C
0.1 0.2 0.3 0.4 0.5 0.6 0.7 0.8 0.90.1
0.2
0.3
0.4
0.5
0.6
0.7
0.8
0.9
xr [kg/kg]
f [−
]
COP
1
1.5
2
2.5
3
3.5
4
4.5
5
5.5
6
0.1 0.3 0.5 0.7 0.90.1
0.3
0.5
0.7
0.9
xr [kg/kg]
f [−
]P
H [bar]
0
20
40
60
80
0.1 0.3 0.5 0.7 0.90.1
0.3
0.5
0.7
0.9
xr [kg/kg]
f [−
]
PL [bar]
0
10
20
30
0.1 0.3 0.5 0.7 0.90.1
0.3
0.5
0.7
0.9
xr [kg/kg]
f [−
]
TH
[C]
200
400
600
0.1 0.3 0.5 0.7 0.90.1
0.3
0.5
0.7
0.9
xr [kg/kg]
f [−
]
PR [bar/bar]
10
20
30
0.1 0.3 0.5 0.7 0.90.1
0.3
0.5
0.7
0.9
xr [kg/kg]
f [−
]
VHC [kJ/m3]
0
0.5
1
1.5
x 104
27 DTU Mechanical Engineering, Technical University of Denmark DTU International Energy Conference 11.9.2013
Influence of xr & f : Tsink,out = 110◦C, ∆Tlift = 40◦C
0.1 0.2 0.3 0.4 0.5 0.6 0.7 0.8 0.90.1
0.2
0.3
0.4
0.5
0.6
0.7
0.8
0.9
xr [kg/kg]
f [−
]
COP
1
1.5
2
2.5
3
3.5
4
4.5
5
5.5
6
0.1 0.3 0.5 0.7 0.90.1
0.3
0.5
0.7
0.9
xr [kg/kg]
f [−
]P
H [bar]
0
20
40
60
80
0.1 0.3 0.5 0.7 0.90.1
0.3
0.5
0.7
0.9
xr [kg/kg]
f [−
]
PL [bar]
0
10
20
30
0.1 0.3 0.5 0.7 0.90.1
0.3
0.5
0.7
0.9
xr [kg/kg]
f [−
]
TH
[C]
200
400
600
0.1 0.3 0.5 0.7 0.90.1
0.3
0.5
0.7
0.9
xr [kg/kg]
f [−
]
PR [bar/bar]
10
20
30
0.1 0.3 0.5 0.7 0.90.1
0.3
0.5
0.7
0.9
xr [kg/kg]
f [−
]
VHC [kJ/m3]
0
0.5
1
1.5
x 104
28 DTU Mechanical Engineering, Technical University of Denmark DTU International Energy Conference 11.9.2013
Influence of xr & f : Tsink,out = 110◦C, ∆Tlift = 50◦C
0.1 0.2 0.3 0.4 0.5 0.6 0.7 0.8 0.90.1
0.2
0.3
0.4
0.5
0.6
0.7
0.8
0.9
xr [kg/kg]
f [−
]
COP
1
1.5
2
2.5
3
3.5
4
4.5
5
5.5
6
0.1 0.3 0.5 0.7 0.90.1
0.3
0.5
0.7
0.9
xr [kg/kg]
f [−
]P
H [bar]
0
20
40
60
80
0.1 0.3 0.5 0.7 0.90.1
0.3
0.5
0.7
0.9
xr [kg/kg]
f [−
]
PL [bar]
0
10
20
30
0.1 0.3 0.5 0.7 0.90.1
0.3
0.5
0.7
0.9
xr [kg/kg]
f [−
]
TH
[C]
200
400
600
0.1 0.3 0.5 0.7 0.90.1
0.3
0.5
0.7
0.9
xr [kg/kg]
f [−
]
PR [bar/bar]
10
20
30
0.1 0.3 0.5 0.7 0.90.1
0.3
0.5
0.7
0.9
xr [kg/kg]
f [−
]
VHC [kJ/m3]
0
0.5
1
1.5
x 104
29 DTU Mechanical Engineering, Technical University of Denmark DTU International Energy Conference 11.9.2013
Working domain hybrid heat pumps
Constraints corresponding to standard refrigeration components
Design ConstraintsCOP > 4[−] EconomicPH < 25[bar] Standard refrigeration equipmentPL > 1[bar] No entrainment of air from ambientV HC > 2[MJ/m3] Economic (Qabs/Vsuc,comp)TH < 160[◦C] Thermal stability of oil
30 DTU Mechanical Engineering, Technical University of Denmark DTU International Energy Conference 11.9.2013
Working domain hybrid heat pumps
0.1 0.2 0.3 0.4 0.5 0.6 0.7 0.8 0.90.1
0.2
0.3
0.4
0.5
0.6
0.7
0.8
0.9Tout=110[◦C] Tlift=30[◦C]
xr [kg/kg]
f [−
]
Possible design optionsCOP<4[−]
31 DTU Mechanical Engineering, Technical University of Denmark DTU International Energy Conference 11.9.2013
Working domain hybrid heat pumps
0.1 0.2 0.3 0.4 0.5 0.6 0.7 0.8 0.90.1
0.2
0.3
0.4
0.5
0.6
0.7
0.8
0.9Tout=110[◦C] Tlift=30[◦C]
xr [kg/kg]
f [−
]
Possible design optionsCOP<4[−]P
H>25[bar]
32 DTU Mechanical Engineering, Technical University of Denmark DTU International Energy Conference 11.9.2013
Working domain hybrid heat pumps
0.1 0.2 0.3 0.4 0.5 0.6 0.7 0.8 0.90.1
0.2
0.3
0.4
0.5
0.6
0.7
0.8
0.9Tout=110[◦C] Tlift=30[◦C]
xr [kg/kg]
f [−
]
Possible design optionsCOP<4[−]P
H>25[bar]
PL<1[bar]
33 DTU Mechanical Engineering, Technical University of Denmark DTU International Energy Conference 11.9.2013
Working domain hybrid heat pumps
0.1 0.2 0.3 0.4 0.5 0.6 0.7 0.8 0.90.1
0.2
0.3
0.4
0.5
0.6
0.7
0.8
0.9Tout=110[◦C] Tlift=30[◦C]
xr [kg/kg]
f [−
]
Possible design optionsCOP<4[−]P
H>25[bar]
PL<1[bar]
VHC<2[MJ/m3]
34 DTU Mechanical Engineering, Technical University of Denmark DTU International Energy Conference 11.9.2013
Working domain hybrid heat pumps
0.1 0.2 0.3 0.4 0.5 0.6 0.7 0.8 0.90.1
0.2
0.3
0.4
0.5
0.6
0.7
0.8
0.9Tout=110[◦C] Tlift=30[◦C]
xr [kg/kg]
f [−
]
Possible design optionsCOP<4[−]P
H>25[bar]
PL<1[bar]
VHC<2[MJ/m3]
T>160[°C]
35 DTU Mechanical Engineering, Technical University of Denmark DTU International Energy Conference 11.9.2013
Working domain hybrid heat pumps
Constraints corresponding to supercritical CO2 refrigeration components and newsynthetic oils
Design ConstraintsCOP > 4[−] EconomicPH < 130[bar] Standard refrigeration equipmentPL > 1[bar] No entrainment of air from ambientV HC > 4[MJ/m3] Economic (Qabs/Vsuc,comp)TH < 250[◦C] Thermal stability of oil
36 DTU Mechanical Engineering, Technical University of Denmark DTU International Energy Conference 11.9.2013
Working domain hybrid heat pumps
0.1 0.2 0.3 0.4 0.5 0.6 0.7 0.8 0.90.1
0.2
0.3
0.4
0.5
0.6
0.7
0.8
0.9Tout=110[◦C] Tlift=30[◦C]
xr [kg/kg]
f [−
]
Possible design optionsCOP<4[−]
37 DTU Mechanical Engineering, Technical University of Denmark DTU International Energy Conference 11.9.2013
Working domain hybrid heat pumps
0.1 0.2 0.3 0.4 0.5 0.6 0.7 0.8 0.90.1
0.2
0.3
0.4
0.5
0.6
0.7
0.8
0.9Tout=110[◦C] Tlift=30[◦C]
xr [kg/kg]
f [−
]
Possible design optionsCOP<4[−]P
H>130[bar]
38 DTU Mechanical Engineering, Technical University of Denmark DTU International Energy Conference 11.9.2013
Working domain hybrid heat pumps
0.1 0.2 0.3 0.4 0.5 0.6 0.7 0.8 0.90.1
0.2
0.3
0.4
0.5
0.6
0.7
0.8
0.9Tout=110[◦C] Tlift=30[◦C]
xr [kg/kg]
f [−
]
Possible design optionsCOP<4[−]P
H>130[bar]
PL<1[bar]
39 DTU Mechanical Engineering, Technical University of Denmark DTU International Energy Conference 11.9.2013
Working domain hybrid heat pumps
0.1 0.2 0.3 0.4 0.5 0.6 0.7 0.8 0.90.1
0.2
0.3
0.4
0.5
0.6
0.7
0.8
0.9Tout=110[◦C] Tlift=30[◦C]
xr [kg/kg]
f [−
]
Possible design optionsCOP<4[−]P
H>130[bar]
PL<1[bar]
VHC<4[MJ/m3]
40 DTU Mechanical Engineering, Technical University of Denmark DTU International Energy Conference 11.9.2013
Working domain hybrid heat pumps
0.1 0.2 0.3 0.4 0.5 0.6 0.7 0.8 0.90.1
0.2
0.3
0.4
0.5
0.6
0.7
0.8
0.9Tout=110[◦C] Tlift=30[◦C]
xr [kg/kg]
f [−
]
Possible design optionsCOP<4[−]P
H>130[bar]
PL<1[bar]
VHC<4[MJ/m3]
T>250[°C]
41 DTU Mechanical Engineering, Technical University of Denmark DTU International Energy Conference 11.9.2013
Working domain hybrid heat pumps: Tsink,out
0.1 0.2 0.3 0.4 0.5 0.6 0.7 0.8 0.90.1
0.2
0.3
0.4
0.5
0.6
0.7
0.8
0.9Tout=120[◦C] Tlift=30[◦C]
xr [kg/kg]
f [−
]
Possible design optionsCOP<4[−]P
H>130[bar]
PL<1[bar]
VHC<4[MJ/m3]
T>250[°C]
42 DTU Mechanical Engineering, Technical University of Denmark DTU International Energy Conference 11.9.2013
Working domain hybrid heat pumps: Tsink,out
0.1 0.2 0.3 0.4 0.5 0.6 0.7 0.8 0.90.1
0.2
0.3
0.4
0.5
0.6
0.7
0.8
0.9Tout=130[◦C] Tlift=30[◦C]
xr [kg/kg]
f [−
]
Possible design optionsCOP<4[−]P
H>130[bar]
PL<1[bar]
VHC<4[MJ/m3]
T>250[°C]
43 DTU Mechanical Engineering, Technical University of Denmark DTU International Energy Conference 11.9.2013
Working domain hybrid heat pumps: Tsink,out
0.1 0.2 0.3 0.4 0.5 0.6 0.7 0.8 0.90.1
0.2
0.3
0.4
0.5
0.6
0.7
0.8
0.9Tout=140[◦C] Tlift=30[◦C]
xr [kg/kg]
f [−
]
Possible design optionsCOP<4[−]P
H>130[bar]
PL<1[bar]
VHC<4[MJ/m3]
T>250[°C]
44 DTU Mechanical Engineering, Technical University of Denmark DTU International Energy Conference 11.9.2013
Working domain hybrid heat pumps: Tsink,out
0.1 0.2 0.3 0.4 0.5 0.6 0.7 0.8 0.90.1
0.2
0.3
0.4
0.5
0.6
0.7
0.8
0.9Tout=150[◦C] Tlift=30[◦C]
xr [kg/kg]
f [−
]
Possible design optionsCOP<4[−]P
H>130[bar]
PL<1[bar]
VHC<4[MJ/m3]
T>250[°C]
45 DTU Mechanical Engineering, Technical University of Denmark DTU International Energy Conference 11.9.2013
Working domain hybrid heat pumps: Tsink,out
0.1 0.2 0.3 0.4 0.5 0.6 0.7 0.8 0.90.1
0.2
0.3
0.4
0.5
0.6
0.7
0.8
0.9Tout=160[◦C] Tlift=30[◦C]
xr [kg/kg]
f [−
]
Possible design optionsCOP<4[−]P
H>130[bar]
PL<1[bar]
VHC<4[MJ/m3]
T>250[°C]
46 DTU Mechanical Engineering, Technical University of Denmark DTU International Energy Conference 11.9.2013
Working domain hybrid heat pumps: Tsink,out
0.1 0.2 0.3 0.4 0.5 0.6 0.7 0.8 0.90.1
0.2
0.3
0.4
0.5
0.6
0.7
0.8
0.9
xr [kg/kg]
f [−
]Tout=170[◦C] Tlift=30[◦C]
Possible design optionsCOP<4[−]P
H>130[bar]
PL<1[bar]
VHC<4[MJ/m3]
T>250[°C]
47 DTU Mechanical Engineering, Technical University of Denmark DTU International Energy Conference 11.9.2013
Working domain hybrid heat pumps: Tsink,out
0.1 0.2 0.3 0.4 0.5 0.6 0.7 0.8 0.90.1
0.2
0.3
0.4
0.5
0.6
0.7
0.8
0.9Tout=180[◦C] Tlift=30[◦C]
xr [kg/kg]
f [−
]
Possible design optionsCOP<4[−]P
H>130[bar]
PL<1[bar]
VHC<4[MJ/m3]
T>250[°C]
48 DTU Mechanical Engineering, Technical University of Denmark DTU International Energy Conference 11.9.2013
Working domain hybrid heat pumps: Tsink,out
0.1 0.2 0.3 0.4 0.5 0.6 0.7 0.8 0.90.1
0.2
0.3
0.4
0.5
0.6
0.7
0.8
0.9Tout=190[◦C] Tlift=30[◦C]
xr [kg/kg]
f [−
]
Possible design optionsCOP<4[−]P
H>130[bar]
PL<1[bar]
VHC<4[MJ/m3]
T>250[°C]
49 DTU Mechanical Engineering, Technical University of Denmark DTU International Energy Conference 11.9.2013
Working domain hybrid heat pumps: Tsink,out
0.1 0.2 0.3 0.4 0.5 0.6 0.7 0.8 0.90.1
0.2
0.3
0.4
0.5
0.6
0.7
0.8
0.9Tout=200[◦C] Tlift=30[◦C]
xr [kg/kg]
f [−
]
Possible design optionsCOP<4[−]P
H>130[bar]
PL<1[bar]
VHC<4[MJ/m3]
T>250[°C]
50 DTU Mechanical Engineering, Technical University of Denmark DTU International Energy Conference 11.9.2013
Working domain hybrid heat pumps: ∆Tlift
0.1 0.2 0.3 0.4 0.5 0.6 0.7 0.8 0.90.1
0.2
0.3
0.4
0.5
0.6
0.7
0.8
0.9Tout=180[◦C] Tlift=30[◦C]
xr [kg/kg]
f [−
]
Possible design optionsCOP<4[−]P
H>130[bar]
PL<1[bar]
VHC<4[MJ/m3]
T>250[°C]
51 DTU Mechanical Engineering, Technical University of Denmark DTU International Energy Conference 11.9.2013
Working domain hybrid heat pumps: ∆Tlift
0.1 0.2 0.3 0.4 0.5 0.6 0.7 0.8 0.90.1
0.2
0.3
0.4
0.5
0.6
0.7
0.8
0.9Tout=180[◦C] Tlift=35[◦C]
xr [kg/kg]
f [−
]
Possible design optionsCOP<4[−]P
H>130[bar]
PL<1[bar]
VHC<4[MJ/m3]
T>250[°C]
52 DTU Mechanical Engineering, Technical University of Denmark DTU International Energy Conference 11.9.2013
Working domain hybrid heat pumps: ∆Tlift
0.1 0.2 0.3 0.4 0.5 0.6 0.7 0.8 0.90.1
0.2
0.3
0.4
0.5
0.6
0.7
0.8
0.9Tout=180[◦C] Tlift=40[◦C]
xr [kg/kg]
f [−
]
Possible design optionsCOP<4[−]P
H>130[bar]
PL<1[bar]
VHC<4[MJ/m3]
T>250[°C]
53 DTU Mechanical Engineering, Technical University of Denmark DTU International Energy Conference 11.9.2013
Working domain hybrid heat pumps: ∆Tlift
0.1 0.2 0.3 0.4 0.5 0.6 0.7 0.8 0.90.1
0.2
0.3
0.4
0.5
0.6
0.7
0.8
0.9Tout=180[◦C] Tlift=45[◦C]
xr [kg/kg]
f [−
]
Possible design optionsCOP<4[−]P
H>130[bar]
PL<1[bar]
VHC<4[MJ/m3]
T>250[°C]
54 DTU Mechanical Engineering, Technical University of Denmark DTU International Energy Conference 11.9.2013
Working domain hybrid heat pumps: ∆Tlift
0.1 0.2 0.3 0.4 0.5 0.6 0.7 0.8 0.90.1
0.2
0.3
0.4
0.5
0.6
0.7
0.8
0.9Tout=180[◦C] Tlift=50[◦C]
xr [kg/kg]
f [−
]
Possible design optionsCOP<4[−]P
H>130[bar]
PL<1[bar]
VHC<4[MJ/m3]
T>250[°C]
55 DTU Mechanical Engineering, Technical University of Denmark DTU International Energy Conference 11.9.2013
Future work• Heat transfer characteristics, influence of xr .• Identification of suitable oils.• Material compatibility with NH3/H2O should be investigated• Two-stage concepts should be evaluated, this could reduce compressor discharge
temperature and increase COP.• Thermoeconomic analysis and optimization should be applied to find cost efficient
designs.
0.1 0.2 0.3 0.4 0.5 0.6 0.7 0.8 0.90.1
0.2
0.3
0.4
0.5
0.6
0.7
0.8
0.9Tout=180[◦C] Tlift=30[◦C]
xr [kg/kg]
f [−
]
Possible design optionsCOP<4[−]P
H>130[bar]
PL<1[bar]
VHC<4[MJ/m3]
T>250[°C]
56 DTU Mechanical Engineering, Technical University of Denmark DTU International Energy Conference 11.9.2013
Conclusion
• COP and design parameters are highly dependent on xr and f .• Standard refrigeration components can be used upto 110[◦C].• Supercritical CO2 components can be used upto 200[◦C].• ∆Tlift upto 45[◦C] can be attained.• Dominating constraint is the compressor discharge temperature.• Hence thermal stability of oil should be tested.• Case studies should be performed to show the feasibility of the hybrid heat pump
implementation.
57 DTU Mechanical Engineering, Technical University of Denmark DTU International Energy Conference 11.9.2013
Thank you for your attention.Questions?
58 DTU Mechanical Engineering, Technical University of Denmark DTU International Energy Conference 11.9.2013
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