hybrid electric vehicle

SEMINAR ON HYBRID VEHICLES

PRESENTED BY: Swaraj Kumar Behera

Reg.1101298357

Guided byAshutosh Swain

High fuel efficiency.

Decreased emissions.

No need of fossil fuels.

Less overall vehicle weight.

Regenerative braking can be used.

Toyota Prius Honda Insight Honda Civic(hybrid

ThermalManagement

systemHybridPower

unit Tractionmotor

EnergyStorage

unit

Accessories

Fuel tank Body chassisEnergy management

& system control

HEVs will contain a mix of aluminum,

steel, plastic, magnesium, and

composites (typically a strong, lightweight material composed of

fibers in a binding matrix, such as

fiberglass).

Ultra capacitors are higher

specific energy and power versions of electrolytic capacitors

devices that store energy as an electrostatic

charge.

Lead acid batteries, used currently in

many electric vehicles, are

potentially usable in hybrid

applications. Lead acid batteries can be designed to be

high power and are inexpensive, safe,

and reliable.

Flywheels store kinetic energy within a rapidly

spinning wheel-like rotor or disk. Ultimately,

flywheels could store amounts of energy

comparable to batteries. They contain no acids or

other potentially hazardous materials.

Flywheels are not affected by temperature

extremes, as most batteries are.

Fuel cells offer highly efficient and fuel-

flexible power systems with low to zero emissions for

future HEV designs. There are a variety of thermal issues to be addressed in the development and application of fuel

cells for hybrid vehicles.

Spark ignition engine mixes fuel and air in a pre-

chamber. Throttle and heat losses, which occur as

the fuel mixture travels from pre-chamber into the

combustion chamber.

A Compression Ignition engine

achieves combustion through compression

without use of sparkplug. It becomes CIDI engine when it is enhanced with direct

injection.

Motors are the "work horses" of HEV drive systems. In an HEV, an electric

traction motor converts electrical energy from the energy storage unit to

mechanical energy that drives the wheels of the vehicle. Unlike a

traditional vehicle, where the engine must "ramp up" before full torque can

be provided, an electric motor provides full torque at low speeds. This characteristic gives the vehicle excellent "off the line" acceleration.

As emissions standards tighten

and exhaust control technologies

improve, the issue of evaporative

emissions becomes increasingly

important. Thermal management of fuel

tanks is one approach to

reducing these emissions.

60% to 80% of amiss ions in an autos

typical driving cycle comes from cold start

emissions, that is, pollutants that are emitted before the

catalytic converter is hot enough to begin

catalyzing combustion products.

Heat recovered from any of the above

sources can be used in a variety of ways. For winter driving, heat recovery from HEV sources such as the power unit exhaust, propulsion motors,

batteries, and power inverter can

significantly improve cabin warm-up.

HEVs are now at the forefront of transportation technology development. Hybrids have

the potential to allow continued growth in the

automotive sector, while also reducing critical resource

consumption, dependence on foreign oil, air pollution, and

traffic congestion.