hull design and limitations for container ships singapore...

Hull Design and Limitations for Container ShipsSingapore, 16th May 2007

Dipl.-Ing. Holger Jefferies, Head of Approval Services East Asia – ShanghaiDipl.-Ing. Jan-Olaf Probst, Head of Competence Centres Hull & Ship Safety

Development of Post-Panamax Container Ships

SeaAsia No. 32007-04-03

Typical 8000TEU Post-Panamax Shipfor Conti / NSB with L = 335 m, B = 42,8 m

SeaAsia No. 42007-04-03

Principal Dimensions of 8200 / 9500TEU Vessels

Size LBP Breadth Depth T scantling8200 TEU 319,00 m 42,8 m 24,6 m 14,5 m

15,0 m9500 TEU 335,00 m 42,8 m 27,2 m

8200TEU 9500TEU

15 rows 15 rows

9 tiers 10 tiers

SeaAsia No. 52007-04-03

9500TEU Post-Panamax Shipfor Costamare with L = 350,6 m, B = 42,8 m

SeaAsia No. 62007-04-03

Principal Dimensions of 8200 / 9500TEU Vessels

Size LBP Breadth Depth T scantling8200 TEU 319,00 m 42,8 m 24,6 m 14,5 m

15,0 m9500 TEU 321,00 m 45,6 m 27,2 m

8200TEU 9500TEU

15 rows 16 rows

9 tiers 10 tiers

SeaAsia No. 72007-04-03

9500TEU Post-Panamax Shipfor C.P. Offen with L = 338 m, B = 45,6 m

SeaAsia No. 82007-04-03

HHI / GL Design: 13.440 TEU Container ShipLoa = 382,20 m, B = 54,20 m, H = 27,7 m

SeaAsia No. 92007-04-03

Midship Section of13.400 TEU Post-Panamax Container Ship

Principal Dimensions

Length o.a. abt. 382 mLength b.p. 366 mBreadth 54.2 mDepth 27.7 mDraught (design) 13.5 mDraught (scantling) 15.0 m

SeaAsia No. 102007-04-03

TEU Panmax 6500 7500 8500 9500 12.500 14.500

366,0 m 395,0 m

57,0 m

27,2

15,0 m

54,2 m

27,2

15,0 m

321,0 m

45,6 m

27,2 m

15,0 m

LBP 283,0 m 289,0 m 304,0 m 319,0 m

B 32,3 m 40,0 m 42,8 m 42,8 m

H 21,8 m 24,2 m 24,5 m 24,5 m

Ts 13,5 m 14,5 m 14,5 m 14,5 m

Development of Container ShipsPanmax to 14.500TEU Post-Panmax

change 100 % 130 % 150 % 170 % 190 % 260 % 290 %

SeaAsia No. 112007-04-03

TEU Panmax 6500 7500 8500 9500 12.500 14.500

366,0 m 395,0 m

57,0 m

27,2

15,0 m

54,2 m

27,2

15,0 m

321,0 m

45,6 m

27,2 m

15,0 m

LBP 283,0 m 289,0 m 304,0 m 319,0 m

B 32,3 m 40,0 m 42,8 m 42,8 m

H 21,8 m 24,2 m 24,5 m 24,5 m

Ts 13,5 m 14,5 m 14,5 m 14,5 m

Development of Container ShipsPanmax to 14.500TEU Post-Panmax

change 100 % 102 % 107 % 113 % 113 % 130 % 140 %

SeaAsia No. 122007-04-03

TEU Panmax 6500 7500 8500 9500 12.500 14.500

366,0 m 395,0 m

57,0 m

27,2

15,0 m

54,2 m

27,2

15,0 m

321,0 m

45,6 m

27,2 m

15,0 m

LBP 283,0 m 289,0 m 304,0 m 319,0 m

B 32,3 m 40,0 m 42,8 m 42,8 m

H 21,8 m 24,2 m 24,5 m 24,5 m

Ts 13,5 m 14,5 m 14,5 m 14,5 m

Development of Container ShipsPanmax to 14.500TEU Post-Panmax

change 100 % 124 % 133 % 133 % 141 % 168 % 177 %

SeaAsia No. 132007-04-03

TEU Panmax 6500 7500 8500 9500 12.500 14.500

366,0 m 395,0 m

57,0 m

27,2

15,0 m

54,2 m

27,2

15,0 m

321,0 m

45,6 m

27,2 m

15,0 m

LBP 283,0 m 289,0 m 304,0 m 319,0 m

B 32,3 m 40,0 m 42,8 m 42,8 m

H 21,8 m 24,2 m 24,5 m 24,5 m

Ts 13,5 m 14,5 m 14,5 m 14,5 m

Development of Container ShipsPanmax to 14.500TEU Post-Panmax

change 100 % 111 % 112 % 112 % 125 % 125 % 125 %

SeaAsia No. 142007-04-03

TEU Panmax 6500 7500 8500 9500 12.500 14.500

366,0 m 395,0 m

57,0 m

27,2

15,0 m

54,2 m

27,2

15,0 m

321,0 m

45,6 m

27,2 m

15,0 m

LBP 283,0 m 289,0 m 304,0 m 319,0 m

B 32,3 m 40,0 m 42,8 m 42,8 m

H 21,8 m 24,2 m 24,5 m 24,5 m

Ts 13,5 m 14,5 m 14,5 m 14,5 m

Development of Container ShipsPanmax to 14.500TEU Post-Panmax

change 100 % 107 % 107 % 107 % 111 % 111 % 111 %

SeaAsia No. 152007-04-03

Development of Scantling Draught

10

11

12

13

14

15

1625

00

3500

4500

5500

6500

7500

8500

9500

1050

0

1150

0

1250

0

1350

0

1450

0

Ship Size in TEU

Drau

ght

Principal Dimension H and Air Draught

SeaAsia No. 172007-04-03

8’6’’or 9’6’’ Height Container?

SeaAsia No. 182007-04-03

Possible Number of Container below Deck

GL Rules Chapter 3, Section 2:up to 10 tiers of 20’ container in 40’ cell guides.

SeaAsia No. 192007-04-03

ISO stacking test:20‘ and 40‘ corner column is tested subject to a pressure force of 86 t (since 2005, 96 t).

ISO Strength Requirements of ContainersISO standard:the lowest container could be overstowed with 192 t consideringan acceleration factor of 1,8

this would be for shippinga. 32 t per 40‘ container for 10 tierb. 29 t per 40‘ container for 11 tierc. 26 t per 40‘ container for 12 tier

SeaAsia No. 202007-04-03

Height up to Hatch Cover Top PlateDe

pth

Dept

h

Top

of h

atch

cove

r

Top

of co

ntain

er

9 x 2,591 m + 1 x 2,896 m +2,20 m + 0,4 m + 0,9 mTotal = 29,715 m

9x2,5

91 +

1x2,8

96

2,20 m 0,4

m +

0,9m

(Opt

ion

10x2

,896)

(Opt. 32,46m)

SeaAsia No. 212007-04-03

Forces on Container Stack during Rolling

SeaAsia No. 222007-04-03

Overloaded Container Columns

SeaAsia No. 232007-04-03

Possible Height above Hatch Cover

8 x 2,986 m +0,50 m +2,90 m +7,00 mTotal = 34,288 m

8 x 2,

896m

= 23

,168m

0,5 + 2,9m = 3,4 m appr

. 7,0

m

SeaAsia No. 242007-04-03

64 to

67 m

from

keel

to fu

nnel

Possible max. Air Draught of Container Ships

Ship draughtAir draught

from water levelDesign draught

13,0 m 51,0 to 54,0 m

Scantling draught15,0 m 49,0 to 52,0 m

Actual draught11,0 to 12,5 m 53,0 to 56,0 m

34,28

8 m29

,715 m

(32,4

6 m)

Principal Dimension B

SeaAsia No. 262007-04-03

Gantry Crane Outreach of Major TerminalOut Reach (m) 45 50 55 60 65 70On Deck (Row) 16 18 20 22AMSTERDAM

BARCELONA

BREMEN HAVEN

BUSAN

HAMBURG

HONGKONG

KAOSHIUNG

KWANGYANG

LONGBEACH

OAKLAND

ROTTERDAM

SHANGHAI

SHEKOU CT

SHENZEN

SINGAPORE

TACOMA

VANCOUBER

YOKOHAMA

Year

Of

2005

SeaAsia No. 272007-04-03

Gantry Crane Lifting Capacity of Major TerminalS.W.L.(ton) 45 50 55 60 65 70

AMSTERDAM

BARCELONA

BREMEN HAVEN

BUSAN

HAMBURG

HONGKONG

KAOSHIUNG

KWANGYANG

LONGBEACH

OAKLAND

ROTTERDAM

SHANGHAI

SHEKOU CT

SHENZEN

SINGAPORE

TACOMA

VANCOUBER

YOKOHAMA

Year

Of

2005

Deck House and Funnel location

SeaAsia No. 292007-04-03

11000

11500

12000

12500

13000

13500

14000

E/RM 8A 8F 7A 7F 6A 6F 5A 5F 4A 4F 3A 3F 2A

Position of Deckhouse

TEU

Cap

asity

+5.5 %700 TEU

1271

3

1274

3

1344

5

Effect of Re-Locating Deckhouse

1243

3 1307

7

SeaAsia No. 302007-04-03

Protection of Fuel Tanks

Application dates:

Building contract 1st August 2007

Keel laying 1st February 2008

Delivery 1st August 2010

SeaAsia No. 312007-04-03

Different Arrangements for FTP RequirementFuel oil in deep tanks heavy weight

Fuel oil tank in cargo hold area loss of container

Fuel oil below deck house optimum design concept

SeaAsia No. 322007-04-03

To Check Possible Soot Contamination Around Funnel

Flow Analysis Around Twin Funnels

Twin funnel Deckhouse

SeaAsia No. 332007-04-03

• Funnel Height Incl. Stack : H0 ( 53.6 m ), H1 ( 51.6 m )• Transverse Location from Center : W1 ( 6.2 m ), W2 ( 10.7 m )

W3 ( 15.2 m ), W4 ( 18.0 m )

(a) W1 (6.2m) (b) W2 (10.7 m) (c) W3 (15.2 m) (d) W4 (18.0 m)

Location of Twin Funnels

Analysis Cases

SeaAsia No. 342007-04-03

(a) Case: W3, H0, ψ=135o, and DS=220μm (b) Case: W4, H1, ψ= 135o, and DS=20μm

Particle trace of soot

New Panama Canal Dimensions

SeaAsia No. 362007-04-03

Present Panama Canal (1/2)

About 14,000 ships per yearcarry 193,813 mio tons cargo

SeaAsia No. 372007-04-03

„Panmax-Size-Vessel“maximum dimensions:length: 294.13 mbeam: 32.31 mdraught: approx. 12 mair draught: 62.5 m at LW

Present Panama Canal (2/2)

Dimensions of each lock chamber:length: 305.0 mwidth: 33.5 mwater level: 12.3 m (minimum)

SeaAsia No. 382007-04-03

Modified Panama Canal - The Future

The current plan for two new sets of locks: The new lock chambers will feature sliding gates, doubled for safety, and will have a

length of 427,0 m (1,400 ft)width of 55,0 m (180 ft)depth of 18,3 m (60 ft)

extension for ships with a beam of up to 49 m (160 ft), l.o.a. of up to 366 m (1,200 ft) and a draught of up to 15 m (50 ft), (equivalent to a container ship of around 12,000 TEU)

SeaAsia No. 392007-04-03

Location of proposednew locks• The new locks will be located

next to the existing locks• The new locks are a

complement to the existing Canal

• The new locks will use existingnavigation channels

• During the construction periodthe Canal will continue to operate uninterrupted

• The new locks will use the excavation area carried out in 1939

SeaAsia No. 402007-04-03

Panama Canal - the Project Timeline

SeaAsia No. 412007-04-03

New „Panamax Vessel“ with 12.500 TEUL = 364,0 m, B = 48,8 m, H = 29,8 m

SeaAsia No. 422007-04-03

Conclusions

• Container Ships have been stepwise enlarged but at present larger vessels are planned

• The strength of the container is the limiting factor for the principal dimensions

• At new designs the traditional deck house location will be modified due to visibility and fuel tank protection

• The location of the funnel is important to avoid soot problems

• The planned new dimensions of the Panama Canal will have an influence on container ship design

SeaAsia No. 432007-04-03

The End ?

Thank you for your attention