how photocopier works

OFFICE TECHNOLOGIES

PHOTOCPIER

&

FASCIMILE

Lecture Mr JG Janaka rathna

Central Fax & photocopy workshop Sri Lanka Air Force

INTRODUCTION

PHOTOCOPIER

HISTORY

TYPES

PRINCIPLE OF ANALOG COPIER

TONER

MODERN COPIER

COPIER HAZARD

FASCIMILE

HISTORY

TYPES

PRINCIPLE OF FASCIMILE

PRINTING SYSTEM

MODERN TECHNOLOGIES

PRINTERS & SCANNERS

INTRODUCTION

ANALOG PHOTOCOPIER

• Electrostatic photocopying was invented in 1938 by Chester. F .Carlson.

• It was known as 'Xerography.(It is a Greek word Xerox –dry,graphic- writing)

Electrostatic technology

Direct electrostatic Indirect electrostatic

Analog copier

Digital copierSingle toner copierDual toner copier

How photocopier works?It is consist of 1. Electromechanical system2. Micro Electronic system

System coreIN PUT OUT PUT

Process

SYSTEM AS SINGLE UNIT (external view)

Toner

Paper

Image

Power

Paper with image

AS A CONNECTED GROUP (Internal View)

PAPERTRAY PAPER

PATH 1

DRUM UNIT

TONER DEVELOPPERUNIT

IMAGELENSEUNIT

PAPER PATH 2 FUSER

Main properties used for copier technology

1. OPC properties

2. Electrostatic field

3. Opposite charges attraction

OPCMaterial

LIGHT Electrons are emitted from OPC atoms

Due to the photons of light

1. OPC properties

e ee

ee

eee

Light 1/ResistivityLight is increasing then conductivity also increases

P+N

ee ee e

e e

ee

e

e

e

Atomic structure Si

Orbits

Nucleus

Outer most orbit electron

e

e

+ -Neutral

Charges Charges

2. Opposite charges attract to each other & become Neutral

3. Electrostatic field can be established

High voltage ConductorsElectrostatic field

Manual feeder

Front panel

LCTControl panelPaper trays (cassettes)

ADF

Out side of copier

++DRUM - -

IMAGE TRANSFERINGSECTION

IMAGE FIXINGSECTION

BASIC FUNCTIONS OF ANALOG COPIER

-IMAGE PROSESSIONSECTION

IMAGE TRANSFERINGSECTION

A,b,c,d,e,f - MirrorsLight with Original’s image

Light with enlarged image

Scanner moving direction

Copier glass

ORIGINAL DOCUMENT

Scanner lamp

Lenses unit

Image is projects to the drum

Ab

c

e

d

f

ADF

COPY GLASSSCANNER LAMP

CONTROLLER PANEL

+ +

DRUM - -

-

Drum charger

Opc drum

Developing unit

PaperTransfer corona assembly

Paper path

IMAGE FIXINGSECTION

Hot roller

Heater lamp

Pressure roller

Fixed image

Developed image

Small bead

Toner particles

TONER

1. Toner may be dry powder or suspended In Solvent such as hydrocarbon or halogenated

hydrocarbon. 2. Dry toner systems are monocomponent or dual component

TONER

Small bead1. It is called Developer or carrier 2. It is made of fine spheres of Sand, Glass or Steel

Toner particles1. Made of Thermoplastic ink powder

DIGITAL COPIER

BASIC PROCESS OF DIGITAL COPIER

SCANER HARDWARE

TASKalfa 181 / 221(Monochrome MFP(18/22 cpm/ppm)

TASKalfa 180 / 220(Monochrome GDI(18/22 cpm/ppm)

Technical Support & Training Section

Technical Planning & Support Division

March 13th, 2009

IndexIndex

1. Basic Specification

2. The life of each Unit

3. Specification on the operation/storage

environment

4. Specification of the power source

5. Product profile

6. Design concept

7. System configuration

8. Consumable items

RFID is supported

1.1.Basic specificationsBasic specifications(Change on the Specification compared with KM-16XX (Change on the Specification compared with KM-16XX

series)series)

TASKalfa 180 GDI TASKalfa 220 GDI TASKalfa 181 MFP TASKalfa 221 MFP

CPM(A4)

16cpm--> 18cpm

20cpm--> 22cpm

16cpm--> 18cpm

20cpm--> 22cpm

PPM16ppm

--> 18ppm20ppm

--> 22ppm(TBD)16ppm

--> 18ppm20ppm

--> 22ppm

First Copy Time(A4/Platen)

5.9 seconds--> Less than 5.9

seconds (TBD)

5.9 seconds--> Less than 5.9

seconds (TBD)

5.9 seconds--> Less than 5.9

seconds (TBD)

5.9 seconds--> Less than 5.9

seconds (TBD)

Warm up time19.8 seconds

--> Less than 17.2 seconds (TBD)

19.8 seconds--> Less than 17.2

seconds (TBD)

19.8 seconds--> Less than 17.2

seconds (TBD)

19.8 seconds--> Less than 17.2

seconds (TBD)

Dimension of the machine (W x D)

574mmx552mm-->

568mmx546mm

574mmx552mm-->

568mmx546mm

574mmx593mm-->

568mmx588mm

574mmx593mm-->

568mmx588mm

Bypass capacity50 sheets

--> 100 sheets50 sheets

--> 100 sheets50 sheets

--> 100 sheets50 sheets

--> 100 sheets

e-MPS Function N/A N/AMicrodrive -->

HDDMicrodrive --> HDD

ZOOM range(Platen)

25-400%--> Same as the

above

25-400%--> Same as the

above

50-200%--> 25-400%

50-200%--> 25-400%

* KMAUS specification: TASKalfa 220 GDI is not available

TASKalfa 180 GDI

TASKalfa 220 GDI

TASKalfa 181 MFP

TASKalfa 221 MFP

Drum OPC

Paper feeding

Standard 1 Cassette + Bypass2 Cassettes +

Bypass

Option (Max.) 4 Cassettes + Bypass

Max. paper feeding (sheets)

Cassette (300) x 4 + Bypass (100: 80g/m2)*1*1: In case of bigger than A4 (8.5x11): 25 sheets

SizeCassette A3 (11x17) to A5R (5.5x8.5R)

Bypass A3 (11x17) to A6R (8.5x5.5R)

WeightCassette 64 to 105g/m2, 17lb to 28lb

Bypass 45 to 160g/m2, 12lb to 60lb

Resolution (Reading/Writing)

600x600dpi

Copy Memory32MB (Max. 160MB: 32MB +

128MB)(100PIN DDR-DIMM 1 SLOT)

64MB (Max. 192MB: 64MB + 128MB)(100PIN DDR-DIMM 1 SLOT)

InterfaceFor the software download144PIN DDR2-DIMM 1SLOT

For the memory card: CF Card TYPE1 1 SLOT

For the software download: CF Card TYPE1 1 PORT

1. Basic Specifications1. Basic Specifications

TASKalfa 180 GDI

TASKalfa 220 GDITASKalfa 181

MFPTASKalfa 221 MFP

Printer Printing System (Z) (Option) Standard

PDL GDI PCL6, KPDL3

Printer Memory 32MB (No option)128MB (Max. 1152MB:

128MB+1024MB)T.B.D. (144PIN DDR2-DIMM: 1SLOT)

Interface

USB2.0: 1 PORT USB2.0: 1 PORT

10BASE-T/100BASE-TX: 1 PORT

KUIO-LV for HD-5A: 1 PORT

Scanner NONE Scan System (F) B (Option)

Scanner speed 22imp (600dpi)

The way of SEND Scan to PC, Scan to E-mail, TWAIN

File Format TIFF, PDF

FAX NONE FAX System (R) (Option)

Modem Speed 33.6kbps

FAX MemoryStandard 4MB (Max. 32MB) for the

image storage

Network FAX Possible for both TX and RX

1. Basic Specifications1. Basic Specifications

2. The life of each Unit2. The life of each Unit

[The life of each Unit]

1. PM Cycle: 150K (Replace Drum Unit)

2. Machine design life: 300K

3. The life of each unit: See the below table 1

Ｎｏ． Unit Name Life Item No.

1 Drum Unit MK-460 *1 150K 1702KH0UN0

2 Fuser Unit FK-460 (A,E) 300K 302KK930XX *1

3 Developing Unit DV-460 300K 302KK9302_

4 Transfer Roller ROLLER TRANSFER 300K 302C91701_

TABLE 1

*1: For KMA specification (302KK9304_)

For KME/KMAO specification (302KK9305_)

*1: Single part for the Drum unit is not available (DK-460 is not available)

3. Specification on the operation/storage 3. Specification on the operation/storage environmentenvironment

Item Specification Remarks

Design life of the machine

300,000 sheets or 5 years Continuous : Single = 2 : 8

Monthly Copy/Print volume

Max.: 20.000 sheetsAverage: 3,500 sheets

Reference (Continuous : Single = 2 : 8)

Duty Cycle Max. Copy/Print per day: 1,000 sheets

Standard usage time Hour of the operation: 8 hours/Day x 22 days/Month x 60 months

Specification on the storage/transportation

No direct sun light is exposed and no sudden temperature change(Storage) Temperature: -20 to 40ºC Humidity: 10 to 90% Storage period: 6 months after the production(Transportation) Temperature: -20 to 55ºC Humidity: 10 to 90% Transportation period: 1 month

Installation spaceBack side

Front side More than 100cm

More than 10cm

More than 30cmMore than 30cm

Item Specification Remarks

Guaranteed voltage/frequency

Power supply voltage (V): [+/- 10%]/Frequency (Hz): [+/- 2%]

Condition of the environment to operate

No direct sun light is exposed and no sudden temperature change

Temperature: 10 to 32.5ºC

Humidity: 15 to 80%

Altitude: Lower than 2,500m

Recommended paper

KME/KMAO: COPY PAPER (MONDI BP)

KMA: Spectrum Multi-use (Georgia Pacific)

In case to occur the problem, please check the phenomenon with recommended paper. And it is necessary to prevent the paper from the moisture.

3. Specification on the operation/storage 3. Specification on the operation/storage environmentenvironment

There might be the possibility that MFP/Printer might get affection from the power source condition at the location of the installation

<Guaranteed environment>

4. Specification of the power 4. Specification of the power sourcesource

Malfunction of the machine Noise of the static electricitySerege noise (noise of the thunder)

Noise from the outside Impulse noise (AC line noise)

Power source PCB damageNoise of the motor, etc. affects on the power souorce(Electrical driver, compressor, etc.)

Machine does not start up (C-Call) Power voltage is lowPCB damage (Electrolytic capacitor damage) Power voltage

Heater failure Power voltage is high

Fuse cut of the machine

120V 60Hz More than 12.0A220-240V 50Hz More than 6.5A

Power supply voltage (V) +/- 10%Frequency (Hz) +/- 2%

Power source

Guaranteed voltage/frequency

<Suspected cause when the problem occurs under the out of guaranteed environment>

　 Product profileJump up the S1b market

(Improve reliability furthermore and increase profit margin)

Cassette handle to help operation capability

Copy speed: 18/22 cpm

2 series (GDI (Option) and PCL (Standard)) are developed at same time

Bypass: 100 sheets

Change Zoom range: 25 to 400%

Adopt new design (TASKalfa Brand)

Improve paper set capability

Occupied space:

smallest size in the world

Support for the Energy Star 2009

Support for the recycle

Environment

Shape up the potential needs

Atlantis

5. Product profile5. Product profile

Evolving the KM-3060/2560 design (divert design technique) and KM-16XX series design (cost down design)

furthermore and increase reliabilityReading optical unit

(Change structure)

LSU unit

(Change the material of the frame)

Drum unit

(Change the material of the frame)

DLP unit

(Change the material of the frame)

Fixing unit (new)

Cassette feed

Platen Cover

6. Design concept6. Design concept

DRUM unit

DLP unit

LSU unit

Cassette Feed

Reading optical unit

Fixing unit

7. System Configuration7. System Configuration

DP-420Document Processor

DU-420Auto Duplex Unit

PLATEN COVER TYPE E

PF-420300 sheets Paper Feeder

Printing System (Z)Printer Board

IB-110External Network server

GDI Model: TASKalfa180/220

Expansion memory (1 Slot) (For copy)

* KMAUS specification: TASKalfa 220 GDI is not available

PLATEN COVER TYPE E

DP-420Document Processor

DU-420Auto Duplex Unit

DF-420Inner Finisher

PF-420300 sheets Paper Feeder

JS-420Job Separator

7. System Configuration7. System Configuration

Expansion memory(1 Slot)

(For copy)

FAX System (R)FAX Board

Scan System (F) BNetwork Scan Board

Expansion memory(1 slot)

(For printer)

HD-5AHard Disk

IB-23Support for IPv6Option Net Print

Work Server

MM-13-32FAX expansion

memory

MFP Model: TASKalfa181/221

8. Consumable items8. Consumable itemsSpecification Name Affected Model Remarks

Staple for the inner finisher

All Specification

Cartridge staple

DF-420

Bundled Toner Container

KMA TASKalfa180/220TASKalfa181/221

1k

KME/KMAUS/KMAO

TASKalfa180/220TASKalfa181/221

3k

Toner Container KME TK-435 TASKalfa180/220TASKalfa181/221

15k

KMA TK-437 TASKalfa180/220TASKalfa181/221

15k

KMAUS TK-439 TASKalfa180TASKalfa181/221

15k

KMAO TK-439 TASKalfa180/220TASKalfa181/221

15k

Maintenance Kit KME/ KMA/ KMAUS/KMAO

MK-460 TASKalfa180/220TASKalfa181/221

* KMAUS specification: TASKalfa 220 GDI is not available

Note when replacing the partsNote when replacing the parts

1.1. Fuser Unit ReplacementFuser Unit Replacement

2. Drum Unit/Developing Unit2. Drum Unit/Developing Unit

Replacement Replacement

3. Transfer Roller Replacement3. Transfer Roller Replacement

Fuser Unit ReplacementFuser Unit Replacement

Pull out

Drawing 2

2) Replace with new fuser unit and connect the

connector, fix by the screw then after that,

make a test copy to check the right angle by

U993 and adjust if necessary (Refer to the

information for the right angle adjustment)

Remove screw

Drawing 1

Disconnect the connector

1) Remove left front cover of the machine, remove the screw and disconnect the

connector of the fuser unit and pull out the fuser unit to the front side (Drawing 1

& 2)

Drum Unit/Developing Unit ReplacementDrum Unit/Developing Unit Replacement

Remove

Remove

Photo 2Photo 1

RemoveRemove

1) Open the front cover of the machine and remove the toner

container and waste toner box (Photo 1)

2) Disconnect the connector and remove the screw of the Drum Unit

(Photo 2)

3) Open the left cover and pull out the release lever of the Developing

Unit, and pull out the Drum Unit (Photo 3)

4) Release the lock of the Developing Unit and pull out the Developing

Unit (Photo 4)

Photo 3

Remove

Pull out

Photo 4

Remove

Release lock

Drum Unit/Developing Unit ReplacementDrum Unit/Developing Unit Replacement

5) Replace the Developing Unit and install to the machine (Photo 5)

6) Install the Drum Unit fix by the screw and connect the connector

(Photo 6)

7) Push in the release lever of the Developing Unit and install waste

toner box and the toner container

Photo 5

Lock

Set

Photo 6

Screw

Insert Photo 7

Push in

Drum Unit/Developing Unit ReplacementDrum Unit/Developing Unit Replacement

Transfer Roller ReplacementTransfer Roller Replacement

1) Open the left cover of the machine and remove the hook at the transfer roller bearing section and remove transfer roller unit (Photo

1)2) Release the lock of the stopper and the gear, and replace the transfer

roller (Drawing 1)

Drawing 1

Remove hookPhoto

1

3) Install the stopper and gear back to the original position and install

the transfer roller unit back to the conveying unit (Drawing 2)

The springs on the front & back are the same

Insert the spring in the convex section

Transfer Roller ReplacementTransfer Roller Replacement

COLOR COPIER TECHNOLOGY

?

Thank You

• janakgamage@yahoo.com