how do you read
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How Do You Read
The Periodic Table of the Elements?
Protons + Neutrons
Rows are called PeriodsThe physical and chemical
properties of elements in a row follow a repeating, or periodic, pattern as you move across the
period.
Columns are called GroupsElements in the same group often have similar chemical and physical properties. For this reason, a group is also
called a family.
What is Group 1?• Group 1 = Alkalai
Metals• Group contains -
Metals• Electrons in outer level -
1• Reactivity? - Very
Reactive• Other shared properties
- softness; color of silver; shininess; low density
What is Group 2?• Group 2 =
Alkalaline-Earth Metals
• Group contains - Metals
• Electrons in outer level - 2
• Reactivity? - Reactive, but not as much as Group 1
• Other shared properties - color of silver; higher densities than alkali metals
What are Groups 3 - 12?• Groups 3-12 =
Transition Metals• Group contains - Metals• Electrons in outer level -
1 or 2• Reactivity? - less
reactive than group 2 metals
• Other shared properties - shininess; good conductors of thermal energy and electric current; higher densities and melting points than elements in Groups 1 and 2 (except for mercury)
What are the Lanthanides & Actinides?
• Transition metals from Periods 6 & 7• Appear as two rows below the table• 1st row are the Lanthanides (named after
Lanthanum #57)• 2nd row are Actinides (named after Actinium #89) • Placed here so that the Periodic table wouldn’t
be so wide.
What is Group 13: Boron group?
• Group 13 = Boron Group
• Group contains - 1 metalloid & 5 metals
• Electrons in outer level - 3
• Reactivity? - Reactive
• Other shared properties - solids at room temperature
What is Group 14: Carbon group?
• Group 14 = Carbon group
• Group contains - 1 nonmetal, 2 metalloids & 3 metals
• Electrons in outer level - 4
• Reactivity? - varies among the elements
• Other shared properties - solids at room temperature
What is Group 15: Nitrogen group?• Group 15 = Nitrogen
group• Group contains - 2
nonmentals, 2 metalloids & 2 metals
• Electrons in outer level - 5
• Reactivity? - varies among the elements
• Other shared properties - solids at room temperature (except for Nitrogen - gas)
What is Group 16: Oxygen group?
• Group 16 = Oxygen group
• Group contains - 3 nonmetals, 1 metalloid & 1 metal
• Electrons in outer level - 6
• Reactivity? - varies among the elements
• Other shared properties - all but Oxygen are solid at room temperature
What is Group 17: Halogens?
• Group 17 = Halogens• Group contains -
nonmetals• Electrons in outer level
- 7• Reactivity? - Very
Reactive• Other shared properties
- poor conductors of electric current, violent reactions with alkalai metals to form salts, never pure in nature
What is Group 18: Noble Gases?
• Group 18 - Noble Gases
• Group contains - nonmetals
• Electrons in outer level - 8
• Reactivity? - unreactive
• Other shared properties - colorless, oderless gases at room temperature
Why is Hydrogen all alone on the Periodic Table?
• Electrons in outer level - 1
• Reactivity? - Reactive
• Other properties - colorless, oderless gas at room temperature; low density; explosive reactions with oxygen
• Properties do not match any other group
Next up - Unit 4 on Chemical Bonding!
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