how could open badges contribute to creating a more trustworthy world?

Trust & Open Badges workshop

How could Open Badges contribute to creating a more trustworthy world?

EURO

PORT

FOLIO

Serge RavetADPIOS, EUROPORTFOLIO, Badge Europe, Open Badge Passport, BadgeChain

@Szerge, learningfutures.eu, iosf.org, europortfolio.org , openbadgepassport.com, www.salava.org

Objectives of the workshop

What is trust about? What relationship between Open Badges & trust? Can Open Badges contribute to improving trust?

Explore

ContextWhere does this workshop come from?

1995 2000 2005 2010 2015

10 e

Port

folio

Cha

lleng

es

Trust

Ope

n Tr

ust

Box

ePortfolio Identity

ePIC 2016Pathways to educational andsocial innovation

BOLOGNA 27-29 OCTOBER

Open Badge

ePortfolio

Identity

Trust

Blockchain

http://openepic.eu

0101011

01100

ePortfolio

IdentityTrust

Open BadgesOpen Badge Passport

Personal Ledger

Portfolio

Competency Based EducationQuality

Blockchains

1985 1995 2000 2010 2015

Simulation

Self-studyeLearningComputer Based Training

BadgeChain

About trustTrust is based on symmetrical power relations

The Trust Paradox

Social changes and increased social complexity expand the need for trust, but erode its familiar basis

The Trust Paradox — An Inquiry into the Core of Social Life, May-Britt Ellingsen

Percentage of citizens who trust the government in Washington

always or most of the time

Source: Pew Research Centre

%

Percentage of citizens who trust the government in Washington always or most of the time — Pew Research Centre

Percentage of adults trusting others

source: Education at a Glance 2014 OECD Indicators

%

Percentage of adults trusting others70 7050 5030 3010 100 060 6040 4020 20% %

By literacy proficiency level By educational attainment

Slovak RepublicEstonia

ItalyCzech Republic

FranceKorea

GermanyJapan

IrelandPoland

England/N. Ireland (UK)Average

Flanders (Belgium)CanadaSpain

AustriaUnited States

AustraliaFinland

NetherlandsSwedenNorway

Denmark

Below upper secondary education

Upper secondary or post-secondary non-tertiary education

Tertiary educationLevel 4 or 5Level 3Level 2Level 1 or below

What do these statistics tell you about trust?

Percentage of citizens who trust the government in Washington always or most of the time — Pew Research CentrePercentage of adults reporting trusting others

70 7050 5030 3010 100 060 6040 4020 20% %

By literacy proficiency level By educational attainment

Slovak RepublicEstonia

ItalyCzech Republic

FranceKorea

GermanyJapan

IrelandPoland

England/N. Ireland (UK)Average

Flanders (Belgium)CanadaSpain

AustriaUnited States

AustraliaFinland

NetherlandsSwedenNorway

Denmark

Below upper secondary education

Upper secondary or post-secondary non-tertiary education

Tertiary educationLevel 4 or 5Level 3Level 2Level 1 or below

Trust and social capital

Trust and Social Capital

Social capital is defined by the OECD as: “networks together with shared norms, values and understandings that facilitate co-operation

within or among groups”.

Source: OECD Insights: Human Capital

Put together, these networks and understandings engender trust and so enable people to work together.

Trust, the necessary condition for empowerment

If we could measure trust, we could measure social capital

Can we measure trust?

Could Open Badges contribute to measuring trust?

About Open BadgesWhy Open Badges are more than credentials and not a

currency — and the dangers of believing they are?

Open Badges are more than credentials Open Badges are about

Recognition

Formal

Non-Formal

Traditional Non-TraditionalCompetency

Badges

Micro-Credentials Smart Badges

Conversational Badges

Self-Issued Badges

Peer Endorsement

Scout Badges

(Institution-centred)

Recognition

(Community-centred)

Nano-Diplomas

(Dynamic/Future)(Static/Past)

Badges as launchpads

Dream Badges

Collective Achievement Badges

Empowerment

Conformance

Inclusion

Enabling

Affiliation Badges

AchievementBadges

Open Badges are not a currency

currency |ˈkʌr(ə)nsi|noun (pl.currencies)1. a system of money in general use in a particular country: the

dollar was a strong currency | [ mass noun ] : travellers cheques in foreign currency.

2. [ mass noun ] the fact or quality of being generally accepted or in use: the term gained wider currency after the turn of the century.

Open Badges are not fungible. You cannot give a badge you own to someone

else in exchange for goods or services

You can create and give a badge to someone as a token of recognition or in exchange for goods, money or services, but that badge stays with that person

Badges are currencies

Badges have currency≠

Open Badges are based on relational trust

Currencies are based on structural trustdo not depend on individuals’ relationships

Open Badges are aboutTrust

Issuer EarnerTrust

TrustIssuer Earner

Issuer Earner

The dangers of mistaking Open Badges for

credentials and currencies

Formal

Non-Formal

Traditional Non-TraditionalCompetency

Badges

Micro-Credentials Smart Badges

Conversational Badges

Self-Issued Badges

Peer Endorsement

Scout Badges

(Institution-centred)

Recognition

(Community-centred)

Nano-Diplomas

(Dynamic/Future)(Static/Past)

Badges as launchpads

Dream Badges

Collective Achievement Badges

Empowerment

Conformance

Inclusion

Enabling

Affiliation Badges

AchievementBadges = cryptocurrency

Open Badges are about recognition and trust

More about trust

Sharing ideas

What is trust?

Why do we need trust?

What does trust allows us to do?

What can’t we do without trust?

What are the conditions for trust?

trust |trʌst|noun [ mass noun ]

1. firm belief in the reliability, truth, or ability of someone or something: relations have to be built on trust | they have been able to win the trust of the others.

• acceptance of the truth of a statement without evidence or investigation: I used only primary sources, taking nothing on trust.

“Trust, in short, is a form of “faith,” in which the confidence vested in probable outcomes expresses a commitment to something rather than just a cognitive understanding.’

—A. Giddens (1993)

Business

TrustBadge

Person

Institution

Issuer

Earner

Group

Technology

Predictability Leap of faith

Trust

Suspending doubt

Security

Security is intrinsic to trust

Trust Security

PredictabilityLeap of faith

Suspending doubt DoubtSuspicion

Contingency

Trust is future oriented

(extrinsic)

The more trust, the less extrinsic security measures are required, the more extrinsic security measures are taken, the less trustworthy the system becomes.

Trust Extrinsic Security

Trust and extrinsic security work in reverse proportions

Increasing security measures is about addressing the symptoms, not the causes of failing trust. There is no alternative to increasing trust than taking the necessary steps to… increasing trust!

Trust Extrinsic Security

Trust and extrinsic security work in reverse proportions

Nature Relation Stability Exit Rules Enforcement Trust space Who?

Micro Individual Inter-personal

Short, mid and

long termTermination Tacit Informal Familiarity,

proximityFamily, relatives,

friends, neighbours,…

Meso CommunalInter-

personal, Belonging

Mid and long term Exclusion Tacit &

explicitInformal and

formal (membership)

Proximity Peers, members,…

Macro Structural Belonging, Impersonal

Long term Sanction Explicit

Laws, contracts, obligations standards,

accreditations

Strangers, time and distance

Citizens, employees, partners,…

In a society without trust, social interaction will be troublesome and have enormous transactional costs

Sharing ideasDo you think Open Badges could contribute to

nurturing —and repairing— trust ?

How?

Future developments

Personal LedgersBits of Trust

What can we learn from blockchains? How can we improve Open Badges?

BadgeChain Trust

BlockChain Trust

trust / consensus?Transaction

Transaction

Open Badges and blockchains are

based on antipodal views on trust

@badgechain

Trust can heal!

A teenager had spent many months in a young peoples psychiatric hospital. When he was about to leave a therapist asked him what was the most significant thing which helped him in his recovery. He responded that it was the moment when in and art group the therapist asked him to fetch some art paper from a cupboard in another part of the building. The therapist handed him the keys to the cupboard which were on a key ring with many other keys to the rooms in the building.

They young man said he felt so good, not just because he had been chosen to do the small job when his esteem was very low but because the therapist had not hesitated but just handed him the keys. He knew he could have used those keys to get up to all sorts of mischief but he felt trust to act responsibly.

Julie Lunt <julie at newpaths.eu>

Trust, the Revolution! ePIC 2016Pathways to educational andsocial innovation

BOLOGNA 27-29 OCTOBER

Open Badge

ePortfolio

Identity

Trust

Blockchain

http://openepic.eu

0101011

01100

Serge RavetADPIOS, EUROPORTFOLIO, Badge Europe, Open Badge Passport, Badgechain@Szerge, learningfutures.eu, iosf.org openbadgepassport.com, europortfolio.org

Merci !SREU

ROPO

RTF

OLIO