how biotechnology came about

HOW BIOTECHNOLOGY CAME ABOUTThe cell and DNA

Objectives: Describe Prokaryotic and Eukaryotic

cells. Describe the location and shape of DNA

in these two types of cells. Describe a phage (a kind of virus). Describe the Hershey-Chase experiment Describe the Four Nucleotides that make

up DNA Describe the structure of a DNA

molecule.

Types of CellsTwo General types of cells:

1) Prokaryotic cell – Bacterial2) Eukaryotic cell – All other organisms

(plant, fungi, protista and animals)

The Bacterium Prokaryotic = before the kernel (nucleus)

Note the lack of a nucleus and circular strands of DNA – plasmids.

Plasmids – circles of DNA

Example of a Eukaryotic Cell Eukaryote =

True kernel (nucleus)

Large number of internal structures.

DNA is contained within a nucleus

Viral Particles

Not cellular. Composed of

Protein And Genetic

Material only (DNA or RNA).

The Hershey-Chase Experiment

Structure of DNA DNA (Deoxyribonucleic acid) is a Nucleic

Acid, it consist of long chains of chemical units called Nucleotides

Nucleotides has three parts:

1) Phosphate2) Sugar3) Base

The Four Nucleotides Two

Pyrimidines: Thymine (T) Cytosine (C)

Two Purines: Adenine (A) Guanine (B)

How do Nucleotides combine to form a strand of DNA?

Phosphate and Sugar groups bond.

A bonds with T C bonds with G

Visioning the DNA Molecule

Another View

Activity: Examine prokaryotic and Eukaryotic cells

using the light microscope and models. Create a DNA molecule. Examine DNA molecule.