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Forces in Earth’s Crust

Earthquakes & Seismic

Waves

Monitoring Earthquake

s

Earthquake Safety

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Row 1, Col 1

Synclines and anticlines are types of this

What are folds?

1,2

This type of seismic wave arrives second

at a seismograph

What are S waves?

1,3

This instrument is used to measure and

record ground movement during an earthquake

What is a seismograph?

1,4

This process occurs when an earthquake’s shaking turns

loose soil into mud

What is liquefaction?

2,1

This stress force stretches rock

What is tension?

2,2

This point is located on Earth’s surface directly above

an earthquake’s focus

What is an epicenter?

2,3

Tiltmeters, creep meters, laser-ranging devices, and GPS satellites are

instruments that do this

What are instruments uses to monitor movement along faults?

2,4

Undersea earthquakes displace water that may produce these

What are tsunamis?

3,1

This fault forms when the hanging wall moves

up past the footwall

What is a reverse fault?

3,2

This rating system estimates the total

energy released by an earthquake

What is the moment-magnitude scale?

3,3

This instrument uses a wire stretched across a fault to

measure horizontal movement

What is a creep meter?

3,4

This design reduces the amount of energy

that reaches the building during an earthquake

What is a base-isolated building design?

4,1

Shearing, compression, and tension are three

types of this

What is stress?

4,2

The Mercalli scale, the Richter scale, and the moment magnitude scale

are examples of this

What are instruments used to measure earthquakes?

4,3

The force that opposes the motion of

one surface as it moves across another surface

What is friction?

4,4

The best way to protect yourself during an

earthquake is to do this

What are drop, cover, and hold?

5,1

This type of stress pushes masses of rock sideways

in opposite directions

What is shearing?

5,2

The process by which geologists draw circles to show distances

from three seismographs is known as this

What is triangulation?

5,3

Pattern of lines that is the record of an

earthquake’s seismic waves

What is a seismogram?

5,4

Shaking, liquefaction, aftershocks, and tsunamis

are examples of this

What are the causes of earthquake damage?