horse dentistry veterinary dental nursing procedures horse dentistry

HORSE DENTISTRY

Veterinary dental nursing procedures

HORSE DENTISTRY

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HORSE DENTISTRY

Horse dentistry

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HORSE DENTISTRY

Dental formula

• Deciduous 2 ( I 3/3, P 3/3 ) = 24

• Permanent 2 ( I 3/3, C 1/1 P 3-4/3 M 3/3) = 40 - 42

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HORSE DENTISTRY

Teeth change throughout life

• Crown erupts slowly – Hypsodont– Neither open rooted (Elodont) nor closed

rooted

• Roots close slowly

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HORSE DENTISTRY

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HORSE DENTISTRY

Crown erupts very slowly

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HORSE DENTISTRY

Canine & Wolf teeth

diastema

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HORSE DENTISTRY

Diastema

• A large gap between the teeth

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HORSE DENTISTRY

Incisor wear

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HORSE DENTISTRY

Aging

• Based largely on incisor wear– Have to consider other factors besides

groove and wear patterns– Diet etc

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HORSE DENTISTRY

Dental ‘star’ = Receding ‘pulp’

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HORSE DENTISTRY

Hook & Galvayne’s groove

• Upper I3

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HORSE DENTISTRY

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4 weeks

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4-6 weeks

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HORSE DENTISTRY

6-9 mths

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HORSE DENTISTRY

2 ½ years

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HORSE DENTISTRY

3 ½ years

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4 ½ years

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HORSE DENTISTRY

6 years

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HORSE DENTISTRY

7 years

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HORSE DENTISTRY

Foals

• Acquire teeth – first week• By 9 months full set of baby teeth• First adult molars – 9-12 months• Second molars – 2 years• Adult central incisors –erupt at 2.5 years• First PM ( wolf teeth) – erupts 2.5 years• Second PM – erupts 2.5 years• Third PM – 3 years• Lateral incisors and third molar – 3.5 years• Corner incisors and forth PM and Canines = 4.5

years• 5 years complete set of permanent teeth

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HORSE DENTISTRY

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HORSE DENTISTRY

Adults

• Galvaynes groove – on the surface of upper corner incisor

• 10 years – groove appears

• 15 years – half way down tooth

• 20 years – present entire length of tooth

• 25 years – groove begins to disappear from gum line first

• 30 years – groove gone

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HORSE DENTISTRY

Infundibulum

• The surface ( table ) of the incisor crown has a marked depression called the infundibulum

• Covered by enamel ( as is the crown and a part of the root )

• Hence when the tooth wears 2 rings of enamel are seen an outer and inner ring

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HORSE DENTISTRY

Wear and Growth

• The occlusal surface of the horses teeth are in constant wear and the tooth is continually erupting from the socket

• Thus at successive periods of time, at first the crown, then the neck and finally the root are in wear

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HORSE DENTISTRY

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HORSE DENTISTRY

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HORSE DENTISTRY

Horse molars

• Grinding• Large flat surface• Grinding causes the cementum and dentine

to wear faster than enamel causing enamel ridges which provide a self – sharpening surface

• Lower jaw narrower than upper – results in uneven wear

• Outside border of upper teeth and inside border of lower teeth can develop sharp spikes which need to be filed ( rasped ) called floating

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HORSE DENTISTRY

Malocclusions

• Parrot mouth, sow mouth

• Maxilla too wide

• All lead to sharp edges

• Require regular floating

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‘Parrot’ mouth

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Abnormal wear

• Cause hooks, points, sharp edges

• Wave mouth

• Step mouth – sudden change in height of a tooth, usually when a tooth is lost

• Treatment floating

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HORSE DENTISTRY

Wave Mouth

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Step Mouth

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Sharp Points

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Sharp Points

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Teething

• Dental caps – retained deciduous cheek teeth, sharp, cut, trap food, bacterial overgrowth, periodontal disease and excessive salivation

• Wolf ( first PM )- usually in maxilla, can be removed without GA, to prevent interferance with the bit, usually done at 18- 24 months old

• Canine teeth may be absent in mare, may grow and traumatize opposite arcade or interfere with bridle, rasp down

• Periodontal disease• Visible swellings occur along the mandible of young horses up

to 4 years of age, hard, painless,cause no problems. • Theses structures are enlarged dental alveoli, characterised by

periapical by periapical radiolucency, associated with pressure • Atrophy of the bone. They become smooth as the horse grows

older and require no treatment

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HORSE DENTISTRY

Wolf Teeth

• Small teeth located in front of the lower second premolar

– Short roots

– A horse may have one, two, or none

– Often removed by vets to prevent pain or interference from a bit (bit pulls lips onto tooth causing pain and ulceration)

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HORSE DENTISTRY

Pulling teeth

• Tongue pulled out to side

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HORSE DENTISTRY

Rasping = “Floating”

• Rasping sharp points off teeth– Mostly required in stabled horses

• Pasture grit helps grind teeth

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HORSE DENTISTRY

Floating requires Mouth Gag

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HORSE DENTISTRY

Horse dental gear

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HORSE DENTISTRY

‘Float’ & ‘Rasp’

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‘Floating’ teeth

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HORSE DENTISTRY

The End