honey - natural or artificial? - eurofins scientific · 2020. 7. 28. · honey directive...
Post on 24-Jan-2021
1 Views
Preview:
TRANSCRIPT
www.eurofins.de
CONFIDENTIAL AND PROPRIETARY - © Eurofins NDSC Food Testing Germany, 2019. All rights reserved. Any use of this material without specific permission of an authorised representative of Eurofins is strictly prohibited.
Authenticity Honey - natural or artificial?
08.10.2019
Dr Kurt-Peter Raezke
www.eurofins.de
CONFIDENTIAL AND PROPRIETARY - © Eurofins NDSC Food Testing Germany, 2019. All rights reserved. Any use of this material without specific permission of an authorised representative of Eurofins is strictly prohibited.
Honey Directive 2001/110/EC
Eurofins Firewall Seminar: Honey - natural or artificial? 2
Annex I - Composition Criteria for Honey “When placed on the market as honey or used in any product intended for human consumption, honey shall not have added to it any food ingredient, including food additives, nor shall any other additions be made other than honey. Honey must, as far as possible, be free from organic or inorganic matters foreign to its composition. … it must not have any foreign tastes, …, have begun to ferment, have an artificially changed acidity or have been heated in such a way that the natural enzymes have been either destroyed or significantly inactivated.”
Annex I – Definition Honey is the natural sweet substance produced by Apis mellifera bees from the nectar of plants or from secretions of living parts of plants or excretions of plant-sucking insects on the living parts of plants, which the bees collect, transform by combining with specific substances of their own, deposit, dehydrate, store and leave in honeycombs to ripen and mature.
www.eurofins.de
CONFIDENTIAL AND PROPRIETARY - © Eurofins NDSC Food Testing Germany, 2019. All rights reserved. Any use of this material without specific permission of an authorised representative of Eurofins is strictly prohibited.
Impact on Honey Authenticity
Responsible to ensure the Quality of Honey
The Beekeeper
good beekeeping practice no foreign smell or tase hive controls humidity colour
The Industry
ensuring safe food certification
supplier management monitoring plans
traceability quality controls
The Laboratory
experiences on products and methods accreditation
Legal Requirements
§ Food Law §
3 Eurofins Firewall Seminar: Honey - natural or artificial?
www.eurofins.de
CONFIDENTIAL AND PROPRIETARY - © Eurofins NDSC Food Testing Germany, 2019. All rights reserved. Any use of this material without specific permission of an authorised representative of Eurofins is strictly prohibited.
Honey Industry: Consumers‘ Awareness
Almost 20 per cent of Australian honey samples
found to not be pure NEWS 3, Oct 2018
‘Honeygate’ deepens as new tests reveal 27% of brands
are adulterated THE CONVERSATION, Oct 2018
Honeygate: How Europe is being flooded with fake
honey THE CAPITALS, Sep 2017
4
Supermarkets stung by funny honey adulterated
with sugar and E numbers The Sunday Times, March 2019
Eurofins Firewall Seminar: Honey - natural or artificial?
www.eurofins.de
CONFIDENTIAL AND PROPRIETARY - © Eurofins NDSC Food Testing Germany, 2019. All rights reserved. Any use of this material without specific permission of an authorised representative of Eurofins is strictly prohibited.
Honey Authenticity – Is it Reality?
Stiftung Warentest 30.01.2019
36 honeys were tested:
No adulteration was reported!
5 Eurofins Firewall Seminar: Honey - natural or artificial?
www.eurofins.de
CONFIDENTIAL AND PROPRIETARY - © Eurofins NDSC Food Testing Germany, 2019. All rights reserved. Any use of this material without specific permission of an authorised representative of Eurofins is strictly prohibited.
6
Driving forward analytical improvements & innovations • Improve, harmonise and simplify existing analytical methods • Close current gaps and increase confidence in authenticity testing results
Generation of Market Transparency
With the aim to: Exclude the fraudsters!
By: • Gather more sample information from one analytical test • Providing higher efficiency in terms of short response times, higher sample
throughput and more cost effective tests • Reduce the necessary analytical arsenal and thus simplify the current product
testing recommendations
Our Goals:
Eurofins Firewall Seminar: Honey - natural or artificial?
www.eurofins.de
CONFIDENTIAL AND PROPRIETARY - © Eurofins NDSC Food Testing Germany, 2019. All rights reserved. Any use of this material without specific permission of an authorised representative of Eurofins is strictly prohibited.
Honey Authenticity
Foresee the unforeseen !
2015: EU Commission Recommendation
ANNEX I Coordinated control plan for honey authenticity
Sampling Strategy (Honey)
Documentary Data
Identity Data Preliminary
Physical Checks
Price
Eurofins Firewall Seminar: Honey - natural or artificial? 7
www.eurofins.de
CONFIDENTIAL AND PROPRIETARY - © Eurofins NDSC Food Testing Germany, 2019. All rights reserved. Any use of this material without specific permission of an authorised representative of Eurofins is strictly prohibited.
Honey Authenticity – Documentary Data
THE MANUKA HONEY SCANDAL Simon Usborne, INDIPENDENT, Tuesday 1 July 2014
At the heart of the scandal: basic maths. According to New Zealand's leading manuka association, 1,800 tonnes a year of the honey are now consumed in the UK each year, out of an estimated 10,000 tonnes globally. Yet production of the genuine stuff is set at just 1,700 tonnes, or the equivalent to more than three million small jars. Unless Britain has somehow managed to secure all of it, there's a lot of fake manuka on our shelves.
8 Eurofins Firewall Seminar: Honey - natural or artificial?
www.eurofins.de
CONFIDENTIAL AND PROPRIETARY - © Eurofins NDSC Food Testing Germany, 2019. All rights reserved. Any use of this material without specific permission of an authorised representative of Eurofins is strictly prohibited.
Honey Authenticity – Pricing
Production of adulterated Honey
9
9
1000 kg Honey
2,50€ / kg =
2.500 €
1000 kg Adulterated
Honey =
2.300 €
Savings 200 € (8%)
100 kg Syrup
0,50€ / kg = 50,00 €
+
900 kg Honey
2,50€ / L =
2.250 €
Eurofins Firewall Seminar: Honey - natural or artificial?
www.eurofins.de
CONFIDENTIAL AND PROPRIETARY - © Eurofins NDSC Food Testing Germany, 2019. All rights reserved. Any use of this material without specific permission of an authorised representative of Eurofins is strictly prohibited.
Honey Authenticity – Is it Honey?
E-mail from a manufacturer of sugar syrup: We can offer you the following syrup:
10
Syrup passes the following tests NMR EA/LC-IRMS Foreign sugars Foreign enzymes (bFF) ß- and g-amylase SM-B / SM-R / TM-R / Mannose Foreign oligosaccharides Foreign a-amylases (FAmyP) Thermoresistant enzymes geographical origin confirmation
You can mix it 50% with your honey (at least)
40% admixture passes all available tests
Eurofins Firewall Seminar: Honey - natural or artificial?
www.eurofins.de
CONFIDENTIAL AND PROPRIETARY - © Eurofins NDSC Food Testing Germany, 2019. All rights reserved. Any use of this material without specific permission of an authorised representative of Eurofins is strictly prohibited.
Honey Authenticity – Where are we today?
Still some adulterations cannot be detected It is common to produce tailor-made syrups customised to the honey type and the
specification requirements NMR is good for non-target screening, but not the most sensitive method in all cases:
isotopic and specific marker methods still necessary, tailor-made syrups can pass with up to 40%!
With all the different methods, it is too expensive to always apply them all It is difficult to safely recommend risk-based testing schemes depending on the origin of
the honey (you cannot be sure about that!)
How can we reduce the number of necessary tests and ensure reasonable detection limits for known and perhaps yet unknown adulterations?
11
In 2017 Eurofins introduced LC-Orbitrap-HRMS
for honey adulteration detection
Accredited since
Oct/2018
Eurofins Firewall Seminar: Honey - natural or artificial?
www.eurofins.de
CONFIDENTIAL AND PROPRIETARY - © Eurofins NDSC Food Testing Germany, 2019. All rights reserved. Any use of this material without specific permission of an authorised representative of Eurofins is strictly prohibited.
12
Advantages of High Resolution MS
• High Resolution (HR) means of separating mass fragments at the fifth decimal place (exact mass) where previous instrumentation was limited to single-digit mass unit.
• HR measures the ability to distinguish two peaks of slightly different m/z ratios is necessary to separate signals of one compound from those of another.
• HR narrows down the possible chemical formulas of an unknown compound
342 4215
342.1 274
342.11 83
342.116 24
342.1162 8
342.11621 1
Possible chemical formulars for sucrose C12H22O11 m/z 342.11621
Increase in mass resolution
Decrease of possible chemical formulas
Eurofins Firewall Seminar: Honey - natural or artificial?
www.eurofins.de
CONFIDENTIAL AND PROPRIETARY - © Eurofins NDSC Food Testing Germany, 2019. All rights reserved. Any use of this material without specific permission of an authorised representative of Eurofins is strictly prohibited.
Fingerprint
of the syrups
-5 0 5 10
Log2 Fold Change
0
2
4
6
8
10
12
14
-Log
10 P
-val
ue
13
Non-target profiling of the syrup to identify suitable markers (untargeted)
Typical honey compounds
Cross-check with authentic honeys for absence of identified markers (targeted)
Targeted multiclass adulteration marker monitoring (targeted)
Honey-Profiling by LC-Orbitrap-HRMS Building up a syrup database
Typical sugar syrup compounds
Eurofins Firewall Seminar: Honey - natural or artificial?
www.eurofins.de
CONFIDENTIAL AND PROPRIETARY - © Eurofins NDSC Food Testing Germany, 2019. All rights reserved. Any use of this material without specific permission of an authorised representative of Eurofins is strictly prohibited.
14
• Ultimate tool, to detect tailor-made syrup addition to honey that cannot be detected by “traditional” methods.
• Future-proof - New syrups can easily be added to the syrup database, in case fraudsters produce “new syrups”.
• Retrospective evaluation of newly discovered adulteration markers in previously measured samples.
• Multiclass adulteration marker screening
Universal markers for all kinds of sugar syrups
Specific markers for individual syrups SM-B, DFA, SM-R, Hf-OS (DP9-18)
• Very sensitive / Threshold LOD for routine application: 5%
Pros of Honey-Profiling by LC-HRMS
Eurofins Firewall Seminar: Honey - natural or artificial?
www.eurofins.de
CONFIDENTIAL AND PROPRIETARY - © Eurofins NDSC Food Testing Germany, 2019. All rights reserved. Any use of this material without specific permission of an authorised representative of Eurofins is strictly prohibited.
FAQs about LC-HRMS
1. Is the method applicable for all honey from every region and variety? Yes! We do have a syrup database, we do not need a honey database of known geographical origins or botanical varieties. 2. Can you detect sugar syrup adulteration, when the syrups is not in the
database? Properly yes. We do have universal markers, and a lot of syrups share the same marker compounds. It is very unlikely, that a syrup will not contain any of the >400 already identified markers. However, when we include the syrups into our database, this will improve the LOQ.
3. Can you determine the source of the syrup which is in the honey? Not all syrups that we have in our database are of known source or origin. 4. Can you quantify the amount of syrup in the honey?
Not accurately, because the concentration of the marker compounds are different between the syrups. Therefore, we can only estimate the amount based on experiences.
15 Eurofins Firewall Seminar: Honey - natural or artificial?
www.eurofins.de
CONFIDENTIAL AND PROPRIETARY - © Eurofins NDSC Food Testing Germany, 2019. All rights reserved. Any use of this material without specific permission of an authorised representative of Eurofins is strictly prohibited.
Honey Authenticity – SOTA
State-Of-The-Art Approach 2019: 13C EA/LC-IRMS + NMR Profiling + LC-HRMS
+ Pollen/Sensory (Type/Origin)
Sources: https://www.eurofins.de/food-analysis/food-news/food-testing-news/lc-hrms-authenticity-analysis-of-honey/ https://ec.europa.eu/jrc/sites/jrcsh/files/ares181569074-1_technical_round_table_on_honey_adulteration_report.pdf
Capabilities: 13C EA/LC-IRMS NMR Profiling LC-HRMS Pollen Sensory
C4 Sugars C3 Sugars Tailor-made Syrups Illegal Processing R&D Moisture Reduction not in scope Type/Origin Verification R&D
Eurofins Firewall Seminar: Honey - natural or artificial? 16
www.eurofins.de
CONFIDENTIAL AND PROPRIETARY - © Eurofins NDSC Food Testing Germany, 2019. All rights reserved. Any use of this material without specific permission of an authorised representative of Eurofins is strictly prohibited.
Honey Authenticity – Recommendation
Future honey authenticity testing will include:
Eurofins Firewall Seminar: Honey - natural or artificial? 17
LC-HRMS (can be used as screening and conformation method, no separate confirmation necessary, less database requirements)
Stable Isotopes (EA/LC-IRMS, closest to standardisation)
NMR (fast screening, needs to be continuously improved by database extension and harmonisation; however, confirmation of non-conform results by other methods necessary)
And still: Microscopy (pollen, particles typical for adulteration) / Sensory
www.eurofins.de
CONFIDENTIAL AND PROPRIETARY - © Eurofins NDSC Food Testing Germany, 2019. All rights reserved. Any use of this material without specific permission of an authorised representative of Eurofins is strictly prohibited.
Honey Authenticity: Conclusion
Currently no single method is available ensure food authenticity and to detect adulterated food!
Prevention and fighting against prevalence of fraudulent practices will result in an increase on:
Fair Trade Authentic Food
Food Safety Consumer Confidence
18 Eurofins Firewall Seminar: Honey - natural or artificial?
www.eurofins.de
CONFIDENTIAL AND PROPRIETARY - © Eurofins NDSC Food Testing Germany, 2019. All rights reserved. Any use of this material without specific permission of an authorised representative of Eurofins is strictly prohibited.
Thank you for your attention
Eurofins Firewall Seminar: Honey - natural or artificial? 19
www.eurofins.de
CONFIDENTIAL AND PROPRIETARY - © Eurofins NDSC Food Testing Germany, 2019. All rights reserved. Any use of this material without specific permission of an authorised representative of Eurofins is strictly prohibited.
Contact
Eurofins Food Integrity Control Services Berliner Str. 2 27721 Ritterhude Germany T: +49 4292 4077 210 E: KurtPeterRaezke@eurofins.de
Dr Kurt-Peter Raezke
20 Eurofins Firewall Seminar: Honey - natural or artificial?
top related