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504 Absolutely Essential words

A

abandon [a·ban·don || ə'bændən]

���� ������ �� � ��� ����� ������ ����������� �� � �������� �

abide [a·bide || ə'ba�d] �� �!�"#� ���$ � �� %&"#� �� ����� �'�#� �'�#� �$�(� �� )����$

abolish [a·bol·ish || ə'b�l�ʃ] �� *+�"#� �, ��#� � ��- �' �,

abroad .'�/�, 01�2#��+3� � 4��-� ���,� 5���� .� �$ 6����� �7(

absorb �� ��8� �� �� � � �� ��8� ��#�� �� ��3��� ��9#)�;(� �, @��A�� �,�� B#���

absurd 0AC#� D�E� %+��#�'� )"�# ),� F�-&#� G��$��"�(�'� H+(

abundant [a'bundant || -nt] � �� � � �����,

abuse �, ��I, �,�� %�2��� �, ��� 5$�J�� �� G�K�� +� �., L��' �� ���� ��, �N ., ���=� �

accurate O�PQ�AR �

acknowledge �� M' ��P�� F ��E ��� O$�S� ���� ���� � � .#�' %+R� �

addict vt): +- ���E ��� ��E ����# � �(.n): M/� �� +-Y�E ����E � � (.adj): .� �� +-���#�

adequate M ��G�""� + �I� �]��"# �O$^ �L�NBR � � (.n): +, �����#��-�� ����# �+, �_+# �+, .��$�� �

adolescent +8+'`1�, � +8 ����� �

alter �� +����� +��� �

amateur ������ a . �N��;��+��# ��"� � ����� a . �N��;

ambush 2� �� �� ��2�� .�2N a �, ��,�� G�� )Kb#� G�� G�"(��' .��3' ��2�� .� )' ��,��� c � G�/"��

amend �� ��#��� �� �$�=� � dBR � )'+'�P �$ G�#� �� �$ a+�7,� �� ��7,� �� dBR

annual .'��1��

anticipate �, ���8 L�����, �� �� e�(� ��- �' +�8� �� )���3�(� ��� ��!�' � �� )"�, e�(

apologize �� )� +- ��E� ��� +- Y���#� ��� +- 6�+(

appeal L� +-�f�2�1 �.,�8 ��)ON(.F�"���

appoint ��� �� ����2�� �� �+S"#� �� � �P�,� �� ��������� ., �� ]S'� �� �+#�#

approach M3#�� g$&' �

appropriate )C��#� ]��"#��+-�� �� h�J� ��� �, +- a �,� i�S�-

architect ��2�#

assemble � �/2��� � +� �

attract ��-�� ���=#� �� ��8� �� ]�8

audible M'��"�M�2� �

authority [au·thor·i·ty || ��'θ�rət�]

Y��PM$�' +� �G��8 �����- ��"� �$����# ���� � ��-�# �$ ���# �j+K' �����E �

avoid �� ����+�8 � �� L�'�2# � �� ��"�8

aware ]k +#� LK��#� lBm �,���-�,� G��

1/17

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Ali akbar Ataei
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Ali akbar Ataei
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G.Raminfar
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504 Absolutely Essential words

awesome �� f����� L3N�� ��, � )��'� f�� � )��N� ��, � f�� � �(� L#�N �$ L��� .$�#

awkward [awk·ward || '��kwəd] .' ��� ��;��", ����� )��'� L �n1 ),� L�����9#�-

B

bachelor [bach·e·lor || 'bætʃələ]

��+� ), �� � ), �#��=#� �&E� %��E ��,� e�� �$�8 �+# +'��=# �#

baffle [baf·fle || 'bæfl] �� G �2� �$ q���� 6+3?# ��� .r�s�� ��� .=��' M,�M'�3$�( �� �

baggage �K���,� �2r�� ��# p .", � ��,

bait .2�m � �+- ����, ���/���# �BP ., � .2�m �.' �."�r �5�2n� .$�# �c p.' �

ballot [bal·lot || 'bælət] � .E�P� a � .P�� �,� .��+' p � l+2=#� )Kb# a �� )3� .E�P � a � G�7#

ban ��K9� �$ �$�A� �9N� ��1� �� ��1� �� �$�A�� �� �;�P� �� t�P+�� t�P+� �$ t$�A� �9N

beau [bəʊ] � .8+� &, )��- .9$�#� 0�� +8� GB� q�

beckon [beck·on || 'bekən] �� G��� )L��$���,(� �R G��� �,�

beneficiary [,ben·e'fi·ci·ar·y || ‚ben�f�ʃər�]

OA$j �� �, G�7, �� +- .K�k� 5K"$j �G�K�� �

betray [be·tray || b�'tre�] �� 6� � ., �� L'��-� �� �2� ������ +1

bewildered [be'wil·dered || -əd] �� q���� ����� ��� �� �

bigamy ['big·a·my || 'b�gəm�] a��+� �� a� � �� Y�8�� ���

biography [bi'og·ra·phy || -f�] .#�"���'�� G����� )��'� .ub$���� ) ��+�,� .#�"��$�

blend )m+�b#� �� v'�2�� �� w+�b#� ��b�# � �� O�P���+' �� ���)# � �, � �+- x"8 �"r �

blunder [blun·der || 'bl(ndə] y�&, G���� Ms1 G���� �+7� ��� G���� ��� � .' �+�+���7, � �� .r�( L� �

brawl [br��l] %�="8� �� % �8� l &'� �� �R���� ��,�

brutal [bru·tal || 'bru�tl] )' +7�� �N� ),� )3N�� LKR +�N� a+- �+'�8

budget [budg·et || 'b(d)�t] 4�-� �# � ���N� .8+,

bulky  [bulk·y || 'b(lk�] ���8� y�&,� ��=N

burden [bur·den || b+�dn] �� ���,e$�="� ��N� � @Km �L�1+z�#��, �����, ��� @�2A� ���/"� �

C

calamity [ca·lam·i·ty || kə'læmət�]

.�8� � L��S#� )�b,�,� )���u�,�B,

calculate �� ���N�� �� �, �

campus q1�� .m+A#� G�I3' ��#�G&$�( ���, ��C �

cancel �� @m�,�� +?1 ��� {� �

candidate ]�m� �� +- �G +-� ��$�'�� �&#�' �

capacity e$�="�L� �k �

capsule 6+(��� ."��+(� .���� e�+(� %+�s�� )"��r

captive [cap·tive || 'kæpt�v] �",�� .�K�����/������ ������ � �� ��/��

2/17

G.Raminfar
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504 Absolutely Essential words

casual [cas·u·al || 'kæ)jʊəl] a�8 ��;� �7# ��;� )P�K�

cautious [cau·tious || 'k��ʃəs] ]k +#�w��A#�����+�

cease [si�s] ���$ �� F+P+# ���3� L� ��� �� �.KP� �L�$ �tP+��

censor [cen·sor || 'sensə] �73$�2' � Y�E+�n# f���,��+�'�� �+#�#

century cen·tu·ry || 'sentʃʊr�] a�K' �R ������ a�K' �R )#�!' G�E))2$�P(�P� G���

challenge ����m G����2,�� L,�P� ��� Mu�(�� ��� ���� ��� �7�#�ON ]�m �M3� �� �v"=, Y+E �

charity a���+9�'� Y ��-� .P�R� a��/��

chiropractic Y �� +�� �� �=,�8� |���# �

chiropractor

cinema �2"��

circulate �� 6���� � 6�� ., �

clergy [cler·gy || 'kl+�d)�] ��$ �$� +�'�N��� a�+���� )'�N���#

client @�+#���3# �l+8� ��,� �

coeducational .' ��-� .' ��(�h��b#

coincide [co·in·cide || ‚kəʊ�n'sa�d]

�� >�K� �#� 0$�� �� O�n"#� �$�� ���,� +, �#&2�

collapse ��b$��� �� M�B�# ��� %BA2J � w+�� ��r ��� e; �� � �

colleague [col·league || 'k�li�g] ��nP ������ ��

collide [col·lide || kə'la�d] �� c�S��+- �7, �

commence [com·mence || kə'mens]

�� l���� �� ��;

commend �� e$���� +��

commuter [com'mut·er || -tə] �� @$���� xI�1�,� �73, .#+N � ����� �� t�Kb� h��, �, �� Y� ��# �

compel [com·pel || kəm'pel] �� � �� ���+�=#

compete [com·pete || kəm'pi�t] �� M23r �� ��, �� L,�P� .�,��# �

complacent [com'pla·cent || -nt] +"�+- +-��� ��� ]�m Y�3E� )J � +- �

comprehend �� �� � � ��27 � �� }�� �� �$�

comprehensive 5#�8G�'��� � �5��� �h��, �h�A# �

conceal ��K7'� �� �7'� �� �7"(

conclude �� ���"#� �� 4��"�� � �� �� .=��'� �'��� �$�s,� ���,

confident � � �� ��( ),� c�/1� �z2n#

confine G��A# ��N�� ��A# ��� �SA"# ��� f+�A# �

confirm �� ��$���� O$�S� ��� L��~� �

conflict �� G����#� +, �������'��C�� a�������'��+-�,���'� e923�� e��3�� G&���

one who practices chiropractic (therapeutic treatment of disease through the manipulation of the spinal column)

3/17

G.Raminfar
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504 Absolutely Essential words

consent [con·sent || kən'sent] L$�J�L� +# ��� MJ � � L$�J� �

consider �� )�����).,(�� �9K�� �� .!NB#�

contagious [con'ta·gious || -d)əs ���# ����� ��� � �

corpse [k��ps] ��8� .�^� e�'

crafty [craft·y || 'krɑ�ft�] Y��7#�,��� .��N

culprit [cul·prit || 'k(lpr�t] �7�#c�=# �$ ����n- c ��S�# �

customary ['cus·tom·ar·y || 'k(stəmr�]

c+��#� a�E

D

data G �� G �

daze � )���-� �� q��)G��;� �$� �+' �$� �#�� �$ L,�J�_ � )

debate DA,M'�21��( Y �� �# �.E��"# ��� G�k�"# ��� .~N��#�

debtor ��9��, +��� +$�#� ����#� ����#� �$�#

decade .�G �E �.1�� G G�� �

deceive [de·ceive || d�'si�v] ��K$� ]$� �� %+� ��� %�K; ��� +�?# �

decrease e����� �$ �S�' ��� �$ �� �� ������ �

defect ��-�� �+��#� �����#� �� }��� ��'� ]�E�+� � )������n-

defiant [de'fi·ant || -nt] t1�b#��'��#�����#� +"!#��+�8� �2��,�p�"�E ),

defraud [de·fraud || d�'fr��d] �� a� ���B�� � %+�� ]$�

dejected �#�(G�� ��'�' �c+2?#� �&A# �

deliberate [de·lib·er·ate || d�'l�bərət]

�� �2�� c�=' �2E ���2E ��� O2�� � �2�� ���="� ��� .3$�' �

delinquent [de'lin·quent || -nt] t�b�#.A"8 �$ L$�"8 ]I��# ���� L�K; �

denounce [de·nounce || d�'naʊns]

�� Q����� �� ��/"' � a&�r �$ )��� �� a��7k )�� .��E� �� �7�#

dense �� ��#%�/r �

depart ���,�, L-�� �� L��N� �� .' ��� �� )� �

depict [de·pict || d�'p�kt] e$�2') �"'�# � .3�' .���+,(�� e�' ��� ��=#��� ��� �d�� �

deprive [de·prive || d�'pra�v] �� %�&�#� �� c��A#� �� G�7, ),

descend [de·scend || d�'send] �� %�&'� �# �� � �# ��$�(

despite [de·spite || d�'spa�t] �$��� ."��� .9"$ �,�+8� �,

detect �� �$�� t3� �

detest � +, � &�,�� ��� �K"�� �� Y�K'

detour [de·tour || 'di�‚tʊə] F �A' �� F�A"# � ��� h- �

devise [de·vise || d�'va�z �� � a�, �� � .#�' L�R�� �� .����� �� l ��- � �� L��� �� ��,��

4/17

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504 Absolutely Essential words

devour [de·vour || d�'vaʊə] �+- .'�S$�N� �, �� � ����,

dilemma � +� 5J�� @N @,�P ��; a�2�#� �#�; .�z�#

diminish [di·min·ish || d�'m�n�ʃ]

�� �$ @����� �� �$ �S�'� �� ��

disaster )�b,�, p G�����B,� L��S#��, ._�N� .�8�

discard ��- �' ����-�� ����# �� ��3� L� �

disclose [dis·close || d�s'kləʊz] �� ��9� � �� ��,� �� 6�

dismal [dis·mal || 'd�zməl] &�/' L1B#� G�""� �3$�(� G�""� v"�1

dispute G&���G�8�3# � �r� +r �l &' ��� % �8 ��� .~N��#�����I' �

disrupt ��b��� ���� �� 5n�"#� +P � �7,� ��b��� �� �

distress [dis·tress || d�'stres] M'�3$�(G��' �L"A# �M���/"� ��� ��nC# �� ��� G� L"A#�

document ���#�B# �&$���� ��"� � L$�"� �

doubt g�.7�� ��$�� ��2� �M1� �M#+��#�' ���� g� ��� �$���

drastic �$��� a���� t�"E� a�8� a+P��_+#

dread [dred] ������ L3N�� ��,� f��)� )

drench [drentʃ] � � ��'��+'� �'���-

drought [draʊt] (drouth) MI3-M1�� g3- �M/"� ��)�(. M/"3�

duplicate M"~21 � .b�' � ��� �I� �����~I� �

dwindle [dwin·dle || 'dw�ndl] �� � @��A�� �� ��� �� �$ e��� �=$���� �� 0r+� .� � .� �

E

economical ��S�P ��A1� ��S�P � �'� �

editor �/3$ �$� ����� �$�

elevate �� �"�,�,^�, � 5� �� ��� M1�E � �m�3' ���� � �

eliminate �� F�N�� +A# ��).1��# � (�� ���,�� 5 � ��� F�m�, �

embrace �� �� 6+; ��� �� �, � ��� @?, ��� �$�( �+, @#���

emerge �# ���,� �� � �$�(

employee c�b��# ��"#���

encourage �� O$+3��� c�/1 ��� Q�=3� ��� L$+�� ��, e�(����( �

endure �� � a&�r ���� ��� � a&�r LP�m��, �,� �� a��,�,� �� @2A�

enormous LK/"�� ��!E� y�&,

envy �+- .n�;� ., �, ��N� Y��N� 0��

epidemic )'�78���/21�E���� .2� a��2�,���� �� a��#���� .2�

essential ����JM��� �

5/17

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504 Absolutely Essential words

estimate ��2b�� ��2b� ��� �� �, �

evade [e·vade || �'ve�d] �� @��=�� ����,��� �� � &$���� � G�Km� �2� � &$��

event .�P �>�K� � �$�� �L����� ��#�3�( �

evidence G +����# �)�� �#(�B# �M� +� �Y�7� � Y�7� ��� L,�_ �

exaggerate [ex·ag·ger·ate || �g'zæd)əre�t]

�� )$+� . &��� �� .?1��#� d�� 5P � �N � e�,� �� &�# > �;

excel �, ���8 >+K� �� +,��7, ��, ��� ����,

excessive G� �' � e�, �w�K#

exempt �� F��#� )"~��#� � � G+3b,

exhaust 4��- ���&� )��b,(�� M7� ��K# ��� � ��� �� � �&�r ����' ��� .��- ��� � ��(� �c�2� �

exhibit �� � �, � .o � � � �P e$�2' ���#�� e$�2'

expand h�,�� �$ h�, ��� h��"# �

expensive 4�-�(� ��

explore �� 6���� �� F�3�� � �� LN���

expose ���#�� � �� ��KN ),� ��� �� G�"( ),� e�+( �� ��,��7N�"8 �� ��,� � �� ��,��� �'�$�2'

extract �� 4 �b��

F

famine )1��93-� ),�$�'� ),��2��B;� hAP� )nAP� )1�� v"�� )AnP

feeble [fee·ble || 'f��bl] t�A'� L���&8�E� +��'���� ��� t�?J

feminine [fem·i·nine || 'fem�n�n]

� x"8 � x"8 ., w+,�# �D'+# ��$�# ��'� �

fertile [fer·tile || 'f+rtl /'f+�ta�l]

L��,�(��"#��,�����,��2_�(�&�b�R�N

fiction [fic·tion || 'f�kʃn] .'�� .SP ���� �l ��- �@�8 �%��- ���� ���� �]$� �.'�7, �

fierce [f�rs /f�əs] +1 �3-�+-�"�� 5��� �$�N� G���� G�'�� �$|

final 5m�P� )�nP� )$�;� )$�7'� )'�$�(� �$�- � %�"� � )$�7�

finance .�1�#�� .�7� .$�#�� ��� �� .$�#�� �

flee [fl��] �� � LE��,� �� � � � ��b$�� �fly

flexible c�' �+��� �+� �-F�n�' @,�P ����?� @,�P �

forbid �' G��8 � ��� ��,� �� 5"#� �� �;�P

fortunate �+-� x'�� 6+-��E��#� Lb��+-

fragile [frag·ile || 'fræd)l/'fræd)a�l]

t��J� �9���� t�n1� }��'���� G�""9�

frank #� �+�E G��8 � ���(� ��'�sr� )'�=#��"#���'� Q$�R� G�( ),� }�� � F�N G�( ),�+� }�

frequent [fre·quent || 'fr��kwənt]

�� � �9��� �� �$� �# � L ����9#��� ��� G�'+� � �9�

frigid [frig·id || 'fr�d)�d] M�"8 @$�2� M��' � � ��2="# ��� ����,

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504 Absolutely Essential words

fugitive [fu·gi·tive || 'fju�d)�t�v]

�� � ������ �c � M, �M'� ������ �G�"��"( �

G

gallant [gal·lant || gə'lɑnt /'gælənt ,gə'lænt]

� �,� 6+-� F����#�� +' �� �2��"8� f��1 6+-� )1�E� l�=����1� ��7/'

glance [glæns /glɑ�ns] �� � �' �, �� �' �,G�/' �M1�28 �!'��S�b# G�/' ����S�b# G�/' ����# �!' �

gleam [gl��m] � )' +��(� t��J �+')q#.(� +�+�� �+'� )�P+# ���!�

glimpse [gl�mps] �P�K� � �$ �!' 0�,� �$ ^�28 � 5$�� G�/'� )1�28 �!'� )' G�/'� �� G�/'

gloomy ['gloom·y || 'glu�m�] & �;� G�� � G���� 0$���

grateful [grate·ful || 'gre�tfʊl] f�"� ON��93�#� +"2#�� &/��s�

guide ��� ��2"� ��� M$�2"� � �

H

hardship L�3#� L"A#� )�b�� �#�N� q'�

harmony a���2�� )/"� ��� � +�� O��n�� )'+#���

harsh L�� ��"��3- �G�"'� �� +��' ��$B#�' �

harvest ��� �,� �� ��� @R�N� .=��'� �#�- LP���� c�/"�� %+SA#

hasty f�����"�� .r�( L�� G� ����� %+=E� .'^+=E� )��=��� .�=E �,

hazy [ha·zy || 'he�z�] �� .#)q#(.�7�#c+��#�' �q�� �

heed [h��d] ���"�E � Y�E �#� L$�E�� .8+�� ��().,(�� .!NB#� ., ��� �� @A#�

heir [er /eə] �� ��3'�8� �, �� � @R�N��, � ��#� �� �

hesitate ['hes·i·tate || 'hez�te�t]

+, @�# ),� +, �#� �� @#��

hinder [hind·er || 'ha�ndə(r)] ���(M��E �5'�# �]�E � 5P � �M�3( ���- �' ]�E �������(��� G�'�#��, ��

homicide [hom·i·cide || 'hɑm�sa�d /'h�m-]

@�P� )3� c � e9# � )39#

horrid L���&�/' Y�K'� }�"27�� ]�7#� }�"���

humid [hu·mid || 'hju�m�d] � ��b,�� �, �� �2'� �+m�#� �'���� }�"2'

I

identify � ��2�� �� G���3#� ��b3�� �� �b3#� �� )$���"�� �� L$+� ������ �� �����

idle [i·dle || 'a�dl] LN ��� � ����� +9� %�N � �� ��, ),� �� ��9�,� ��3� � )�' ]�� .,

idol [i·dol || 'a�dl] L,�"R �M;�� � �- �.2�=# �� F^ �.n�K� ���, @; � �$ �- ., .��, � �

ignite [ig·nite || �g'na�t] � e� �� ���� ��' ��� ��� �� e� ��� @��3# �

ignore �� M�+( �3r

illegal M'+'�P ��;l��3# �' �c �N ���=#��; �

illustrate [il·lus·trate || '�ləstre�t]

d�� � ��3� �$+S� ., � �3'

indifference [in·dif·fer·ence || �n'd�frəns]

Y��K� M, � �o �

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504 Absolutely Essential words

ingenious [in·gen·ious || �n'd)��n�əs]

l��b#� )��$� � )��'� 6+� �,� a��9�, 6+� a � ��9��#���9�, G+P a �

inhabit �� ����)�(�� �, �� �$&� 6�,+,�� �� �� )"9�� �$&� �9�#�

innovative ME �, � &�#� LE�, � ���I�,

insist � �� )(�(� �$��� � �R )c.c.(�� a��3 �(��, �� .�9�� L8�2�

J

jagged ['jag·ged || 'd)æg�d] � +2��'�� .' �'

jealous [jeal·ous || 'd)eləs] �, 0��� 0���,��+�;���� 0����"# 0���+�N

jeopardize [jeop·ard·ize || 'd)epə(r)da�z]

��- �' �nb,

jest [d)est] �� �b�2�� � ."�m�� ��� @2E� .$�"�� .�+�� )��m 6+-� )$+� .1�,� .K�n1

jolly [jol·ly || 'd)ɑl� /'d)�l-]

)��-�+� .1�,� %�A�+-� t�� ��

journalist ['jour·nal·ist || 'd)+rnəl�st /'d)+�n-]

��/' .#�'���

justice a���� � )���� F�S' � L1 �E

juvenile [ju·ve·nile || 'd)u�vəna�l]

�' +8 +' G�$�� )' +8 �+- �� +8+'

K

keen [k��n] ��&��+,�$�� ����$�� ��� M$ �� .N+' ��$�� ��N ��"� �����(�&�� �

keg [keg] ��( � 0r+� 0��r

kneel [n��l] � +' �

L

lack ��� ��� +, �P�'� +, �P� � a���� �� � 4���N � ��� �'� +�'�+�2�� c�E

lecture �� On'� ��K� .,�n-� �� )' �"b�� f�� x' �K"�

legend [leg·end || 'led)ənd] E� L��7 � d��� e�'� % �#� .9� a�� .��+'� .'�� � Y ��S�- � �oBE d��

legible [leg·i·ble || 'led)əbl] ���� � �' +-

linger [lin·ger || 'l�ŋgə(r)] �' ��� � �- c� +, �#� �� � �$� �� ��-��� �� v'�

logical M�n"#M1^��� �

lottery [lot·ter·y || 'lɑtər�/'l�t-]

M3� .E�PM$�#� Lb, ����m^ ��)q#(.M�'�� �# M�b, � ��� �M�'�� �.E�P �

loyalty ['loy·al·ty || 'l��əlt�] c�P Y��_� )��"� .K�k�� LP �R� a� � �

lubricate [lu·bri·cate || 'lu�br�ke�t]

� �;�� �� �� �

lunatic [lu·na·tic || 'lu�nət�k] G� G�#� +"=#� .' +$

M

magnify [mag·ni·fy || 'mægn�fa�]

�� L�� �� y�&, ��,�j �$� ��� y�&, �

maim [me�m] �� �+��# ������ �+��# ��+CE M��� ���� �$ %B�- �.#�R �4�8 �

maintain [main·tain || me�n'te�n]

��� �7/' ��� � �P�, �

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504 Absolutely Essential words

majestic [ma·jes·tic || mə'd)est�k]

)' ���-� .'����� G+9��,� L2!E�,� y�&,

majority ma·jor·i·ty || mə'd)�rət� /-'d)�r-]

L$�~� ��3�, ��3�, �

manipulate [ma·nip·u·late || mə'n�pjəle�t /-jʊl-]

c�=' Y��7#��� @2E L��, �� G� ��� ���I�� �

masculine [mas·cu·line || 'mæskjʊl�n]

�3�� .' �#� ."$�'����#� �$�'

massive [mas·sive || 'mæs�v] y�&,��=N ���!E �G�"� �G�3 �B� �

matrimony [mat·ri·mo·ny || 'mætr�məʊn� /-mən�]

d�9'� 4 �� � )���E� )$+��'�

mature [ma·ture || mə'tjʊə(r)] `1�,�� ��� �@#�� �G�� G������ �

maximum ."�3�,�~� �N �

mediocre [me·di·o·cre || ‚m��d�'əʊkə(r)]

h��� %�A'��#�h�+�#�h�� �N

menace [men·ace || 'men�s] L� G�""� �$�7� .� �&�r ��$�7�G�m�b# ����$�7� ��� ��E� ��3r �

merit [mer·it || 'mer�t] ��� >��A�� � +, .��$��� LP��1� a� � &�� )/��$��

microscope �+9���9�#

migrate ��r+��� H+� ��� Y�8�7# �

miniature [min·i·a·ture || 'm�nətʃʊr /-tʃə]

]�����, M���' gr+� ��+���"�# �G��+� �

minimum ."�2�@P �N �

minority [mi·nor·i·ty || ma�'n�rət� /-'n�-]

L��P

miserly [mi·ser·ly || 'ma�zəl�] v"� �3rx��- �

misfortune [m�s'f�rtʃən /-'f��-] )�'���,� )���u�,� )�b,�,

molest [mo·lest || mə'lest] �� ���=�� �� ����#� �'��� � � � �� �N &#

monarch [mon·arch || 'mɑnərk /'m�nək]

��$�7�� .9�#� G���(� �n��

morality [mo·ral·i·ty || mə'rælə�t�]

>B- � Y��PB- � Y���

morgue [m�rg /m��g] .'�- G�#L��' c+��# �7' L$+� .� M'���# L'�# ��8 ��� � M'�/$�, �

morsel [mor·sel || 'm�rsl /'m��sl]

.2�1 .I� ��� � ��# � �; .2�1 g$ ��� .2�1 �

mortal mor·tal || 'm�rtl /'m��tl]

M'� G�'�� ��, � ��$�(�" �M'�# �g�7# ��� y�# �G�"3� ������# ���'+- �# �

mount [maʊnt] 5� �� � +�R � �� +�R � �, �� `1�, � ���$� � �� �"�, � �, �� � +�)

mourn [m�rn /m��n] �� .$��� �� �� ���#� �� a� +�+�

multitude [mul·ti·tude || 'm(lt�tju�d]

G��� �����, ���~� L��28 �����, G��� �

mumble [mum·ble || 'm(mbl] ��K� �b� ]1 �$��� �# �# �

municipal [mu·nic·i·pal || mju�'n�s�pl]

a�7�� a� �73, .��, �� a��,

mute [mju�t] �� .K-� �� ���� L#�R� �,� ),� �R ),� %^� v"�

mythology [my·thol·o·gy || m�'θɑləd)� /-'θ�-]

)��"� G�+n� ���m�� � )��"� .'��

N

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504 Absolutely Essential words

narcotic [nar·cot·ic || nɑr'kɑt�k /nɑ�'k�-]

�I�# ���b# G��b# +# ., w+,�# �

negative MK"#�� M~"- ��� MK"# �

neglect �� L�K;� .A#��#� %�2� � �� � ���� � a� ����

neutral [neu·tral || 'nu�trəl/'nju�-]

M~"- F�m M, �

nimble [nim·ble || 'n�mbl L���� v'��� }^�r� 0,�r��� ���8� L�r

nominate [nom·i·nate || 'nɑm�ne�t /'n�-]

�� &#�'� �� ) ��#� ��#�'� �� �$�'��

nourish [nour·ish || 'n+r�ʃ /'n(-]

.$�?�� } �+-� �;� Y+P

novel [nov·el || 'nɑvl /'n�vl] ��� ����� �#�� 5$�,��$�8�+'

numb [n(m] *��xA�, �L-�� ��� L-�� �$ xA�, �

numerous [nu·mer·ous || 'nu�mərəs /'nju-]

y�&, ��$� �����, ���23�, L��28�( ���~� �

O

oath [əʊθ; pl. əʊðz] �2�(�+- ��P ��"�+� �

obedient [o'be·di·ent || ə'b��d�ənt]

5�n# �� ��'�#� c � �+"� F�N �

obesity [əʊ'b��sət�] )7,� � )P�r ��#

observant [ob'serv·ant || əb's+rvnt /əb's+�-]

����+�� ]P �#� G�""� Y�E �#

obstacle [ob·sta·cle || 'ɑbstəkl /'�b-]

5'�# ���� l � �G � +�8 �� �����( ��+!A# �

obtain [ob·tain || əb'te�n] �� L��,�� �� � ��� �� �

obvious [ob·vi·ous || 'ɑbv�əs/'�b-]

+73#� )$�#� )7$�,� QJ �� c+��#� �$+����9�

occupant G�""� %�?� ��8���#� ����

opponent [op·po·nent || ə'pəʊnənt]

t1�b# ����# ��J �t$�N �F�m ��S- �

opt [ɑpt /�pt] �$&��,�� ��b�' �

oral �� G � � � )'��� )��K�� )'�,�

outlaw out·law || 'aʊtl��] ��-�� l+"2#� �� cBE )'+'�P��;� �2� );�$� 6+2r� �9� +'�P��2�#

P

pacify ['pac·i·fy || 'pæs�fa�] �� c � �'�3'�� � ��I�� �

panic [pan·ic || 'pæn�k] L3N�M'�7��' f�� � � �nJ �L3� �f �� ��� G� L3N� �� � ��, � �

parole [pa·role || pə'rəʊl] � %+P ���,� F�� %+P ���, �� � ��' �'� a � � .' �# %+P� c &�1 � �� �� c &�1

partial Mo&8� G��( �.' � � �m �.'�KS"# ��; �

patriotic [pa·tri·ot·ic || ‚pe�tr�'ɑt�k /‚pætr�'�-]

L�� �7�#

pauper [pau·per || 'p��pə(r)] � +' ),� ��� x�K#���� )ON.(L- �( � &8�E �$ ���#

pedestrian [pe·des·tri·an || p�'destr�ən]

G��( ��� G��( ., .��, � �%���# �d���, �

penalize ['pe·nal·ize || 'p��nəla�z]

�� .2$�8 ��� ��� .��"� �

10/17

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504 Absolutely Essential words

penetrate [pen·e·trate || 'pen�tre�t]

�� L$ �� @- �, �� �� j+K' �� ."-� �

pension [pen·sion || 'penʃən] M/��"���, >+�N����# �+��'�( �>+�N �&# ��� �� ��2��# ��� +��'�( �

peril [per·il || 'perəl] G�m�b# ��n-�$� ��, �L�1+z�# ���- �' �n-� �+, �n-� �

perish [per·ish || 'per�ʃ] �#�� �B� ��� t�� ��� +,�' �

persist [per·sist || pər's�st /pə's-]

)����$ � �� � �R � �� a��3 �(� �� L8�2�

persuade [per·suade || pər'swe�d /pə's-]

�� � � ��� �, ��� ]�;�� �

pierce [p�rs /p�əs] �� * �+�� ��-+s�� ���-� �� ."-�� �� j+K'� ���9�)+' &�r� G&�'�,

pioneer [pi·o·neer || ‚pa�ə'n�r/-'n�ə]

c�/3�( c��3�( ��� c��3�( �

placard �� @2N ����� BE ]S' �$ @2N� )2�� .�#BE � )2�� .' ��(

plea [pl��] L� +- .E��"# �G�8�3# �.� �# �.'�7, ���E �3# G�E� ��7"3�( ��E��� ��J����

pledge [pled)] ������.��_� ���� �L'�2J �.'���, �M�� M�#B�, M�+' G�, �M�#B�, �6+' �

pollute [pol·lute || pə'lu�t] �� x='+1 ��� �+�# �

ponder [pon·der || 'pɑndə(r) /'p�-]

��="� �� .3$�' ��� O2�� ��� �IK� �e="� �

popular [pop·u·lar || 'pɑpjələ(r) / 'p�pjʊl-]

)��-� c�# G+�, .��, �� �+�A#� F���#��"�( c�#� )�# .78� a � � )#+2E

population [pop·u·la·tion || 'pɑpjə'le�ʃn /‚p�pjʊ-]

L��28 f+K' �c�# ��� �c�# �."I� �

possible [pos·si·ble || 'pɑsəbl /'p�-]

M'�� �I2# ��I# �����# ����# ��$�( �I# �

postpone[post·pone || ‚pəʊst'pəʊn/ pəʊ'spəʊn ə ]

��- �' ]�E��- �' O$+��, ��� %+�+# ����' �� L�( ��� c� .8� � �

potential [po·ten·tial || pəʊ'tenʃl]

G+�1�, @#�E @#�E �@�K1�, �� G��-j �M'�7' �M'�7"( �M'�7' ���� � � �@��'��( �

precaution [pre·cau·tion || pr�'k��ʃn]

.' ��/3�( Mm���N �

precede [pre·cede || ‚pr��'s��d] M3�(L$+1� �c��� ON �.�,�� �����# �

predict �� M$+/3�(�� M"�, e�( B�P �

prejudice [prej·u·dice || 'pred)ʊd�s]

�����]S�� ���; ����� ��; ������ ���J� Y���-�&�# ����� Y��CP �

preoccupied [,pre'oc·cu·pied || ‚pr�'ɑkjəpa�d /-�kjʊ-]

f +N �3$�( .�K�� �.�?3#�( ���� �� �

preserve [pre·serve || pr�'z+rv /-'z+�v]

���� �7/' )P�,� �� �KN� ��� ���/'� G+�#���"���,�#

prior [pri·or || 'pra�ə(r)] ��3�(M��P ��+�8 �c��# �O�� �.�#+R x�o� �

probe [prəʊb] �� 6����� �AK� ��/���� �

proceed �� � e�(�� c �P �

prohibit �� 5"#�� l+"2# ��� �$�A� �M7' �

prominent .��8�,^ � �

promote �� q$���� )P��� 5� ��� �, ^�,� .��+�� �� x����

prompt v'���,�� 5$�� ���� � L�1��K, ���b�/' �, �5$���@8�E �G�# ��^�r ��� ��+� +� �

prosecute �� �/�( �� %��'� �� )'+'�P ]����

11/17

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504 Absolutely Essential words

prosper �� �/�( �� %��'� �� )'+'�P ]����

pursue �� ]������ ]P��� � � �P M'+'�P ]���� LA� ��� %��' ���j�b� ��� ���/�( ��/�( �

Q

qualify [qual·i·fy || 'kwɑl�fa�/'kw�-]

t�R+� � Y��P� �� ������ �� ��A#� Y��7# ]��� �� ��( )/��$��

quantity [quan·ti·ty || 'kwɑntət� /'kw�-]

L�2� ��"r �

quarter [quar·ter || 'kw�rtə(r) /'kw��tə]

c��7r g$���r g$ ����7r �5,� �G�# .� Y�# ���, �G�/�#�P �.�A# �eb, �

quench [kwentʃ] �'�3' �� �� 5 ��� 6+#�- ��Km �

quota [quo·ta || 'kwəʊtə] .�27��7� �.u�", �

quote [kwəʊt] +P @�' �3'� �� ��, @�'� ."!#� �� �$ � �� %+P @�'� L2�P

R

radical [rad·i·cal || 'ræd�kl] )��� Y�NBR � � �m� )m � � �# L����� @R � )�R L2�P� .3$�� a��",

rage [re�d)] ��� �� ]C;� �� }�"23-�w�K# @�#� �����-� �3-� )/' +$� ��?m

rapid 5$�� ��"�@2�1 5$�� ����"� �g,�r �

rarely G�$� a��� �,� G��1 >+ �+n,� Y��",

rash [ræʃ] %+=E ��"�L�+( ��� g$�A� �$ 6��- @A# �w���N M, � ��( M, �6+8 �.' �

rave [re�v] �;+;� )/' +$� � F�N )/�R+A�, �,� ��- �' G � %�="8 � ��8� �� .' +$

recede [re·cede || r�'s��d] x(� ���$� �� ]��,� �� ���� �� a� +-� ��3� ]�E� ��3� ��"�

recent G���x����1 �$�8 ��-��# ���- ��$�8 �

reckless [reck·less || 'rekl�s] �"�E ),� .!NB# ),� }��, ),� ��( ),

recline [re·cline || r�'kla�n] ��, +- �$ �� �- L3(�,�� �$� �� ��� �- ��� .�I� ���21 �

redeem [re·deem || r�'d��m] Mo��� � ��� � ��� � � �$�- ��,

refer �� .�8 �#���� � L3���, �., �� l+8� ��� ]��"#���� �+�"# �., �� tnE �

reform �#��� �$�=�� Y�NBR � �� ��#��� �� a���7,� L-����,��!' �$�=�

refrain ���,�� �� +- ��� 5"# ���� G�/' �

rehabilitate �� +�+'�� M3b�' +� ��� .�1� Y ����# � � ��� �I� �$�=� ��� L�~�N G�E �#�� �

reject �� ��� �$�s' �

relate �� +� ��, 6� &� � d�� ��� @�' ���K� �

relieve �� iB-� )'��7/' �$+��� �$�, � � �� LN �)� �E � q'� � � � (L'���#� �� 02��

reluctant [re'luc·tant || r�'l(ktənt]

@�# M,

repetition [rep·e·ti·tion || ‚rep�'t�ʃn]

c�=' ��, M$+� ��, �G�E ��$�=� �� �I� �+� ��, �

reptile ['rep·tile || 'reptl /-ta�l]

G�'�� %�# ."��� L�( c � G�'&- +�N

resent [re·sent || r�'zent] � e='� ��7k �� �� �K"���7k �� �� ��/23- �� ��='� �� �� �8&"#

12/17

G.Raminfar
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G.Raminfar
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G.Raminfar
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G.Raminfar
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G.Raminfar
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504 Absolutely Essential words

resign [re·sign || r�'za�n] ��3� L��� �K��� � �� �$+K�� �� �� G��"�� �� )K���#� �����

resist �� �$�(�� �� �$�( ��� M����$ ��� L#���� ��� 5'�# ��, �� LK1�b# �

respond {��( �3' e"� � �{��( �

resume [re·sume || r�'zu�m / -'zju�m]

�� �� �� � Y��,�=� .RB- �

retain ��� G�/' �' L� � ��� �KN �

reveal �� c+��#� �� 6� � �� ��9�

revise �� �!' �$�=��� dBR �+2' dBR ��� ��r G��,� ��� dBR � gN �

revive [re·vive || r�'va�v] �� ��N � G��� a���'� �� ��( 4 �� G��,�� �� �$ G��,�� �� G�'�

rival [ri·val || 'ra�vl] L,�P�� )23r ��� .������!'� G�""� )23r ��� �3r ��� t$�N� ]�P���� ��

roam [rəʊm] )' ����� �$��� �� ���� ��3��+(�9�� � .��(

rural [ru·ral || 'rʊrəl/'rʊərəl]

)��E�� )$������ )o�����

S

sacred [sa·cred || 'se�kr�d] G�� tP�� F+P+#� i�-� )'�N��� f��#

scald [sk��ld] 6+8 � �_ � %���� �� G� %���� a�� ��b$� 6+8 � � �' �+� c�� � �,

scarce [skers /skeəs] ���2��� ���' ���' �v"� �@��P �����' �

scorch [sk�rtʃ /sk��tʃ] ��-+� MAn� �+n,� %��� ��' �+� � +, �M/�-+��%��� �

scowl [skaʊl] M3� ��� ��, �- �M$����� ��� �- �

security L�"# ��#�� �

sensitive f��NL����N � � ��$�( j+K' �

severity L'+3-� LP� a��� Lb�� Y��� )�b�

shriek [ʃr��k] � `�8)���'�( � )C�, @~#(�$� � `�8� � 6 �b1 �$� �

shrill [ʃr�l] ��3� `�8���KR .�����$� )��- a �R� .' �S#� �����&��

signify [sig·ni·fy || 's�gn�fa�] ��3b, )"�#� )"�#� �'�27 G����,�� +, )��N��, �� L1^

sinister [sin·is·ter || 's�n�stə(r)]

G�""� G �2�G +-�, �q� �L���' ��2$�, ���� ��n- �+/��, �+2�#�' �n�� �

site @A#��# �

skim [sk�m] �� @R�N �S�b# f�2� � �P .8+� �+# MAn� �+n,�+- MAn� �+n, �

slender [slen·der || 'slendə(r)] t$�k� t��J� L��� ��� )2�P� 0$��,� 0$��,� �"�,

sneer [sn�r /sn�ə] �� ��, �b�2��,� � �"-�+(��"b3�'�p &7��

snub [sn(b] ��r � )�� }+'� �� e'���� a���+�8� 5"#� G��+�� LK��� G��+�� �7()

soar [s�r /s��] a��^�,� �� +�R��, �� `1�,� �� � ^�,� �� � ��( �"�,� �� a� ��( �"�,

solitary [sol·i·tar·y || 'sɑl�tər�/'s�l�tr�]

Y�( � ��&"# � ��3' .�+� � �=# � �7"�

soothe [su�ð] �� L1�2�� � �� )$+=1� �� L��, %� ��9��� �� c �

13/17

G.Raminfar
Underline

504 Absolutely Essential words

source [s�rs /s��s] 5�"#p�3"# �

spontaneous [spon·ta·ne·ous || spɑn'te�n�əs /sp�n-]

��+ �����- M, �&�/' +- �+b, +-

spouse [spaʊz ,-s] �� ��2�� .8��� 4�����+� �$ �

squander [squan·der || 'skwɑndə(r) /'skw�n-]

F �� � )8�b1�� �� t��� �,�,

stationary [sta·tion·ar·y || 'ste�ʃnər� ,-nr�]

���� L��N M, ���?�$^ �

subsequent ['sub·se·quent || 's(bs�kwənt]

]P���#����$���,�#� ON^� ���(� a��,��"$ x(� a���(

subside [sub·side || səb'sa�d] ( G��;� �(�� e��� � ���3' �� � �� L�3'� ��� �� �

summit [sum·mit || 's(m�t] .�P�+' �4� �G��j �.8� M�E �

surpass [sur·pass || sər'pæs /sə'pɑ�s]

���8 >+K��� +, ��7,�� �� e�(

surplus [sur·plus || 's+rpl(s/'s+�pləs]

a�$�� . �J � G�'�# )P�,��o �� ��#� )��$�� a�S�P a��^�� ��#

survive [sur·vive || sər'va�v/sə'-]

�'�# G�'�+, MP�, ��' ����� +, G�'� ��3�, ��� ��s� ���, �� Mm �

swarm [sw�rm /sw��m] G��� �+�'� G��� ��$� .�� �c�N� ��� c�N� ��� c+=� �

symbol �3'L#BE �G��� �&#� ��2' ��P� ��� � @�2� Y�+S, �

sympathetic [sym·pa·thet·ic || ‚s�mpə'θet�k]

O�K� ��+�1 ���2� O +# �� +b2; �

T

tact [tækt] @�E.!NB# �L� &' �M' ��� �Y��7# �.���� �L$ � �

temperate [tem·per·ate || 'tempərət]

%���# �$B# ��� .'��# �

tempest [tem·pest || 'temp�st] � +���"� ��,�"� �6��-� 6+8 ��=�� ��� �=$ � +� ��� M'� +� �

tempt �� +; ��K$� ��� .�+�� ��r �

tendency [tend·en·cy || 'tendəns�]

e$ �� @$�2� �

theory [the·o·ry || 'θ��r�/'θ�ər�]

.$�!' G�/' �.�J� �

thorough thor·ough || 'θ+rəʊ /'θ(rə]

c�2�� @#��� @#�� �+n,��- �� %� �

threat [θret] �� �$�7� ��$�7��'���� �

thrifty ['thrift·y || 'θr�ft�] �S��#�+8 . �R�� .'�-

thrust [θr(st] �� �� ��- �' ��� ����( ��'�sr ��� * �+� �, ��&, �� �� ."-��

toil [t��l] q'� %+SA#� %�8� DA,� .1�=#���9�(�&���� e923�� L2N� �( ���� L"A#

topic l+J+#DA�# � +"E �@S �� �.n,�J �

torment [tor·ment || t�r'ment /t��-]

�8�� � �E� L2N��� � � .="9�

torrent [tor·rent || 'tɑrənt ,'t�-/'t�rənt]

@�� � � @�� ��$�� �$�8 ��� @�� �

tradition [tra·di·tion || trə'd�ʃn]

��� L"� �M_��+# G���E �F�E �%� ��# L$ �� �q$ � G���E �M�# �"� �

tragedy L��S#.�8� �e$�2' y+� �&�/' &N e$�2' �

traitor [trai·tor || 'tre�tə(r)] �o�-��I�'��- �

14/17

G.Raminfar
Underline

504 Absolutely Essential words

transmit [trans·mit || trænz'm�t ,-s-]

�� G�,�b# ���� �

transparent[trans'par·ent || træns'perənt /træns'pærənt]

F�K� ��(�' �

trifle [tri·fle || 'tra�fl] �� �� a����� � �P .u$��,��7, ��� @,�P�'�&�r�'� )$&8 &�r

tumult [tu·mult || 'tu�m(lt /'tju-]

��- �' G � %�="8� �� 6�3�; � ��7�1 � �+� � �+����;+;� .272�� .#�/"�

typical ME+'

tyrant [ty·rant || 'ta�ərənt] �1�k �n�� �����# �$ �/2�� ���N ��/2��

U

unaccustomed a�E��;

unanimous � � ��%+�1 OK�# ��,� g$ � %�I$ ��E�28 �

undeniable �$�(�' ��9'

underdog G�+- L�I� v��+- ���+� �

underestimate �� ��2b�� �� �� �� L�� ��� �"( &�r�'undernourished

.$�?� p+� .$�?� p+���� �� �

undoubtedly [un'doubt·ed·ly || (n'daʊt�dl�]

g� ��, �$��B,��2��#�

unearth �� � ��-�$� � �� M,�� ��� ���, .'^ � ��� ��$� � ��� ���KN �

uneasy c � ),� %��- �3$�(� ��nC#� LN ��'

uneventful �7# �$�� ��,� ._�N ),

unforeseen G�3' )"�, e�(

unify ��-�� 0�� �� )9$� �� )9$� �� �A�#

unique .'�/$ ���I$� ., �SA"# �

unite [u·nite || ju�'na�t] L�+�( �7,�� �A�# ��� MI$ ��� OK�# � L�R� ��� ]���� ��

unruly [un·ru·ly || (n'ru�l�] �mB�#� ��nC#��2�#� );�$� e���

unstable � �$�(�' ��$�(�'

untidy ]��#�'� ���, � ���

upholstery [up'hol·ster·y || (p'həʊlstər�]

)�- c� +1 �$ ._�_ � )��� G�( ) %�~# � G�( @~# )

urban [ur·ban || '+rbən/'+�bən]

��7� M'�# ���3' �7� ��7� @� �

urgent ['ur·gent || '+rd)ənt /'+�d-]

��+ ����J �c��# �G�""� � �R �

utensil [u·ten·sil || ju�'tensl] .'�-&s� c� +1@$��� ����� �F��k �

utilize [u·ti·lize || 'ju�tla� /-t�l-]

� �P G�K�� �+# �� �� G�K�� �'��� F�S2, �� ��I, �

utter ut·ter || '(tə(r)] O�n#.8� M�E�, ��~� �A, �M�E �N ���28 �B#�� ���E ��;��� ���K� ��

V

vacant ['va·cant || 've�kənt] ��9�,� a�S�B,� a�S�# ),� G�3' %�?� � )1�-

15/17

504 Absolutely Essential words

vaccinate [vac·ci·nate || 'væks�ne�t]

., � ��� � �� Q���� ���2�, �J�, �

vague [ve�g] �7�#c+��# ��; �� c�7, � .��, �� �

vain [ve�n] G+7�,D�E �G�$�K�, �@m�, �H+( �M$&8 �&�r�' �M7� ���,+- ����?# �.' ���?# ��

valiant l�=� ���^.' ��1 ���7, ��"#���' ���27��

valid Q�AR �����#

valor L�2� � a�# 6�� � )E�2�8 � )Sb� 6�� � a��^� LE�=�� a��1

vandal [Van·dal || 'vændl] �/, �-)I�# � �- � M'�/2��$ ��"� ���&�r M�"8�,�$ LP�2N ��� � .I��� )

vanish [van·ish || 'væn�ʃ] �� �$�(�'�� ]�; ��)M��"� � ( �R ��7 �N � MC�, M$�7'� t��J eb,

vapor .# ���b,.# ��� �$ �� ��b�� � �+b, ��� �-�r �

variety [va·ri·e·ty || və'ra�ət�]

.�$� � �+8 � .�nP �"r � ]��# .� M3$�2' �

vast [væst /vɑ�st] �9�,� ��!E��$�� y�&,� 5�������"7(

vein [ve�n] y����� ��$��.�� �L1�N �@$�2� �6�� ��� � y� ��� � .���

ventilate [ven·ti·late || 'ventle�t /-t�l-]

�� �+-�, �� .$+7� �., +� ��� ��( �

venture [ven·ture || 'ventʃə(r)]2P .�#��#� Y���8� Y �8� a�S�� a�� +����9�, � a�S�P L�1�� � L���3#

verdict [ver·dict || 'v+rd�kt /'v+�-]

� � .KS"# Lz�� � � ��+� �Y��CP ��!' �

verify [ver·i·fy || 'ver�fa�] �� M������� c+��# � ��# ��� � LAR ��� �&�2# ��� O��A� �

vermin [ver·min || 'v+rm�n/'v+�-]

�j+# �+'�8 L �+'�8 ��j+# Y �3N �

verse [v+rs / v+�s-] �!' ������ �!", ���K� ��� �

vertical �+2E

vessel M�3� ��'� y� � �=# ����3, �F�k �.1+1�$ �=# l+' �� �

vicinity [vi·cin·i·ty || v�'s�nət�]

Y���=# M/$��2� �

vicious [vi·cious || 'v�ʃəs] L���' � L"$ w�, � ��� � ��I���� � �$�� � ����, � %�/��,

victorious [vic·to·ri·ous || v�k't��r�əs]

&�# �Kk� �3'�Kk��K!#� Q�� �����(

vigor Y��P��"#���' ��|�' ����' ���� � +� �

villain [vil·lain || 'v�lən] x��'L�( c �Y j�, ��$�� ���� .�� �L�( �

violent 'vi·o·lent || 'va�ələnt] Lb� ��"��$�� � �

visible M'�� 6G�$ � L$�� @,�P� �$�2' � Mo�# � � �$�( � ��(

vision G���$

vital M���N]8 � �

vocation [vo·ca·tion || vəʊ'ke�ʃn]

)'����"�� a . �N� a .3�(���CN � �R� ]��� @?�����

volunteer [vol·un·teer || ‚vɑlən't�r /‚v�lən't�ə]

]�m� �� ]�m� ����� +- �

vulnerable [vul·ner·a·ble || 'v(lnərəbl]

�$�( ]��

16/17

504 Absolutely Essential words

W

wad [wɑd /w�d] M$^."7� ����� ��2' �G�� G+� �G+� ��� .s� ���� �� M$^��3 �

wager [wa·ger || 'we�d)ə(r)] G�""� ��", w��

wail [we�l] �� +���� .1�' ��� �� ���# �.1�' �

warden [ward·en || 'w�rdn /'w��dn]

f���,��k�'� %� �P� ��7/'� x�o�� )1�� L��(��

wary [war·y || 'wer�/'weər�]

���3�� .!NB# �,�w��A# ����,

wasp [wɑsp ,w�- /w�-] @�E M, �+�'�

weary �� @��� �� � &�,� G�'�#� .��-

weird �+#�# � ��E ��; �+n,

wharf [hw�rf /w��f] #�� +$ �$ .�9� �, .'�-�� @N�� G�� �/"1�� �' ��,� )�8� G���/"1� ��- �' �/"1

whirling [hw+rl /w+�l /w+�l] ��'�-�re-�r ���-�r �5$�� 6�� �M, �� L��N �

wholesale M��� G�2E�� M��� G�2E ��=I$ �+n, �

witty [wit·ty || 'w�t�] � .$�"��� .K�n1� *+��+� .K�n1�+� .1�,

wobble [wob·ble || 'w�bl] *�r �(+, v"1���"8 ��+- +��+�� ��+- %�� �+,�# �g' ��1 @~# �

wrath [ræθ /r�θ] �7P��$� )b�� Y�P� ���;� ]C;� �3-

wretched [wretch·ed || 'retʃ�d] Lb,�, ��+='�G��u�, �%�A1 t��J �L�( ��� t��� �

X

Z

17/17

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