history of the atomic theory
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History of the Atomic TheoryHistory of the Atomic Theory
Law of Definite ProportionsLaw of Definite Proportions
A given compound contains the same elements in exactly the same proportions by mass, regardless of the size of the sample or the source of the compound
e.g. NaCl always contains 39.34% by mass of sodium and 60.66% by mass of Chlorine
Law of Conservation of MassLaw of Conservation of Mass
The mass of the products of a reaction The mass of the products of a reaction equals the mass of the reactantsequals the mass of the reactants
e.g. 32 mass units of sulfur and 32 mass e.g. 32 mass units of sulfur and 32 mass units of oxygen react to form 64 mass units of oxygen react to form 64 mass units of sulfur dioxideunits of sulfur dioxide
Law of Multiple ProportionsLaw of Multiple Proportions The mass ratio for one of the elements that The mass ratio for one of the elements that
combines with a fixed mass of another element combines with a fixed mass of another element can be expressed in small whole numberscan be expressed in small whole numbers
e.g. 2 grams of hydrogen combine with 16 e.g. 2 grams of hydrogen combine with 16 grams of oxygen to form water, but 2 grams of grams of oxygen to form water, but 2 grams of hydrogen combine with 32 grams of oxygen to hydrogen combine with 32 grams of oxygen to form hydrogen peroxideform hydrogen peroxide
16:32 = 1:216:32 = 1:2
John DaltonJohn Dalton
http://www.slcc.edu/schools/hum_sci/physics/whatis/biography/dalton.html
John Dalton’s Billiard Ball ModelJohn Dalton’s Billiard Ball Model
http://www.poolndarts.com/index.cfm/fuseaction/Catalog.Category/categoryID/77.cfm?STLCMPID=1798&engine=adwords!1994&keyword=%28billiard+ball%29&match_type=
Dalton’s Atomic TheoryDalton’s Atomic Theory 1. All matter is made of indivisible and 1. All matter is made of indivisible and
indestructible atoms.indestructible atoms. 2. All atoms of a given element are identical in 2. All atoms of a given element are identical in
their physical and chemical properties.their physical and chemical properties. 3. Atoms of different elements differ in their 3. Atoms of different elements differ in their
physical and chemical properties.physical and chemical properties. 4. Atoms of different elements combine in 4. Atoms of different elements combine in
simple whole-number ratios to form compounds.simple whole-number ratios to form compounds. 5. Chemical reactions consist of the 5. Chemical reactions consist of the
combination, separation, or rearrangement of combination, separation, or rearrangement of atoms.atoms.
J. J. ThomsonJ. J. Thomson
http://www.aip.org/history/electron/jjhome.htm
Plum Pudding modelPlum Pudding model
http://www.nationmaster.com/encyclopedia/Plum-pudding-model
Ernest RutherfordErnest Rutherford
http://www.nationmaster.com/encyclopedia/Ernest-Rutherford
Rutherford’s Gold Foil ExperimentRutherford’s Gold Foil Experiment
Niels BohrNiels Bohr
http://nobelprize.org/physics/laureates/1922/
James ChadwickJames Chadwick
http://www.light-science.com/chadwick.html
Model of the Atom Model of the Atom
http://www.nationmaster.com/encyclopedia/Image:Atom-diagram.png
Louis deBroglie and Erwin SchrodingerLouis deBroglie and Erwin Schrodinger
http://www.britannica.com/nobel/micro/87_61.htmlhttp://www.britannica.com/nobel/micro/531_80.html
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