history & development of table tennis

HISTORY &

DEVELOPMENT OF

TABLE TENNISPrepared by:

Mr. Heherson Pagulayan Ramos

Prof. Dolores V. Barroso

* adaptation of lawn tennis to the dining table

with improvised equipment by bored British

Officers who carved a ball from champagne

cork and used cigar box cover to bat it back

and forth across a barrier of books dividing a

table.

1880’s

Oldest form of indoor tennis

It is played only at parties and it is just for fun.

1880’s

Paddles were made like tennis

rackets with long handles and a

pear shaped

Played much by the Wealthy or

Royalty and by women as well.

EARLY 1900’s

Several patents registered in England and USA, manufactured sets produced under trade name such as GOSSIMA (John Jacques & Son) & INDOOR TENNIS with lawn tennis style rules;

WHIFF WHAFF by Slazenger & Sons then to Parker Brothers

1890’s

1st table tennis sets - English Sports Company manufactured by JOHN JACQUES AND SONS

1898

JAMES GIBBS an Englishman who visited

USA brought some hollow celluloid balls

and began playing with friends using

the new ball and apparently came up

with the name “PINGPONG” (Hamley

Brothers) representing the sounds

hitting the paddle and then the table.

1900

PINGPONG was promoted

extensively by the Sports

manufacturers.

1900

JOHN JACQUES & Son registered

PINGPONG as a trade name .

sold rights to Parker Brothers who

came out with new kit under that name

1901

2 rival organizations were set up in

England with the “TABLE TENNIS

ASSOCIATION” & the “PING PONG

ASSOCIATION” but it lasted less than 3

years mainly because Parker and

Brothers control of the name & made

equipment more expensive.

1901

Another English came with

another improvement in the

racket E.C. GOODE covered his

wooden PINGPONG paddle with

pebbled rubber which allowed him

to put a spin on the ball.

1902

The game fell out of favor but its

popularity continue in Eastern

Europe

1904

It was back in fashion in Europe

1920’s

An Englishman IVOR MONTAGU

was instrumental in reviving the

PING PONG ASSOCIATION

1921

It was reformed as the “TABLE ASSOCIATION”

1922

International Table Tennis

Federation was formed (I.T.T.F.)

IVOR MONTAGU was the 1st

President/Chairman until 1967

40 years

DECEMBER 7,1926

5 days after Rules of Table Tennis agreed:

AUSTRIA, CZECHOSLOVAKIA, ENGLAND, GERMANY, HUNGARY, INDIA, SWEDEN, & WALES

Original members of I T T F

Held at London, England

Dominated by HUNGARY & ENGLAND

(men’s singles) for 25 years

JAPANESE & CHINESE players taken the

majority titles from 1950’s onward.

ASIAN PLAYERS developed the “PENHOLD

GRIP”

FIRST WORLD CHAMPIONSHIP

*Classic Hard Bat Era

( European Dominance)

1920’s – 1950’s

Age of Sponge Bat and

Technology (beginning of Asian

Dominance)

1950’s – 1970’s

HIROJI SATOH of Japan become the first

player to win a World Championship when

using a racket covered with thick sponge,

first non-European.

1952

China’s entered World Championship for the first

time

1953

World championship changes to a 2 year cycle.

1957

International Table Tennis Federation

(ITTF) received formal declaration of

its recognition by the I.O.C.

(International Olympic Committee)

1977

First European

Championships for

“PARAPLEGIC” (wheelchair

players) held in England.

1979

Table Tennis admitted to

the Olympic Program

1981

First appearance of Table

Tennis in the Olympic Games,

Seoul, South Korea

1988

After the Sydney Olympics,

the ball size is increased to 40

mm for improved television

viewing.

2000

Game score changed from 21 to 11

points – WORLD CHAMPIONSHIP

held in Osaka, Japan

2001

Table tennis is part of the First

Youth Olympic Games in Singapore.

2010

TABLE :

2.74 meter long

1.525 meter wide

0.76 meter high

2cm white sideline

3cm white centerline

EQUIPMENT

NET

( Emma Barker) – January 21, 1891

American

Pat.No.454,700

15.25 cm long

EQUIPMENT

POST

15.25 cm high

EQUIPMENT

RACKET

Any size, shape and weight

EQUIPMENT

BALL

Spherical

40mm in diameter (Oct.1, 2000)

2.7 grams celluloid

white, orange, matt

EQUIPMENT

Fun or Novelty Balls – suitable for children &

recreational play.

Practice or Training Balls – best suited for a beginner.

One Star – suitable for use at schools and youth cubs.

Two Star – suitable for the improvers or in a robot or

for multi-ball practice

Three Star – the highest quality balls authorized by

the ITTF

STAR QUALITY OF BALLS

THE SERVICE

1. The ball shall be resting on the open palm of

the server’s free hand.

2. The server shall protect the ball near

vertically upward w/o imparting spin so that

it rises at least 16cm after leaving the palm

of the free hand.

RULES AND REGULATIONS

3. After the release for the service, the

ball shall touch first the server’s court,

passes the net and touch the

receiver’s court.

4. If the officials are doubtful of the

legality of a service, they may

interrupt the play and warn the server

5. Subsequent doubtful service (legality)

or his double’s partner, a point is to be

awarded to the receiver

6. Wherever there is a clear failure to

comply with the requirements for correct

service, NO WARNING shall be given, the

receiver scores a point

THE RETURN

1. The ball having been served shall be

struck so it passes over or around the

net the opponent’s court or after

touching the net assembly.

ORDER OF PLAY

1. SINGLES – server makes the first hit

for the service, receiver shall make a

return, thereafter server-receiver

alternately make each a return.

2. DOUBLES – the server make a

service, the receiver shall make a

return, the partner of the server shall

make a return, the partner of the

receiver shall make a return, thereafter

the sequence is followed by players.

L E T

1. to correct an error in the order of

serving/receiving.

2. to warn or penalize a player

3. due to disturbance, outside the

control of players.

4. if the service is delivered and

receiving player is not yet ready,

provided that the receiver nor his

partner attempts to strike the ball.

5. to introduce the expedite system

POINT – player shall score a point

1. If the server fails to make a correct

service

2. If opponent fails to make a correct return

3. If after a service/return, the ball touches

anything other than the net.

4. If the ball passes over his court

beyond his end line (outside).

5. If an opponent obstruct the ball.

6. If the player struck the ball in

succession; twice successively

7. If player strikes the ball with a side

of the racket blade

8. If an opponent, or anything an

opponent wears or carries, moves the

playing surface.

9. If an opponent touches the net

10. If an opponent’s free hand touches

the playing surface

11.If an opponent in doubles strikes the ball

out of sequence established by the first

server and receiver

12. As provided under the expedite system

best of any odd number of

games like 3/5 , 4/7, 5/9

GAME

A game is won by any player scoring

11 points first

If scores all 10 points won by gaining 2

point advantage

SCORING

If both players scored 9-all (expedite system is applied)

If a game is unfinished after 10 minutes or earlier at the request of players

Each player shall serve for 1 point in turn until the end of the game and if the receiving player makes 13 returns, receiver shall score a point.

EXPEDITE SYSTEM

Once the expedite system is introduced,

it shall remain until the end of the match.

If the ball is in play when the time limit is

reached, play shall be interrupted and

game shall continue/resume by the

player who served before the

interruption.

If the ball is not in play when the time

limit is reached, play shall resume

with the service by the player who

received in the preceding rally

1. Service is to be decided by lot at the

start of the game.

2. Change of service after 2 points (2

service), Rally point system unless

expedite system is in operation (1 point

in turn)

THE ORDER OF SERVICE

3. In Doubles, player may choose who

shall serve/receive first in their pair. In

the proceeding game/set, the first

(previous in the set), server of the pair

shall be the receiver and the receiver

in the preceding game shall serve.

4. In Doubles, at each change of service,

the previous receiver shall become the

server and the partner of the previous

server become the receiver.

5. The player or pair serving first in a

game shall receive first in the next game.

6. In the last possible game (set) of a doubles

match, the pair due to receive next shall

change their order of receiving when first one

pair scores 5 points.

7. Player/pairs starting at one end shall start

at the other end in the next game. In the last

game (set) change ends when first one player

or pair scores 5 points.

1. If a player serves or receives out of turn,

play shall be interrupted, corrected who

should be the server/receiver at the score

has been reached.

In Doubles – to the order of serving chosen

by the pair having the right to serve first in

the game which the error is discovered.

SERVING OUT OF ORDER

2. If the players have not changed ends –

game shall be interrupted and

(corrected) resume with the ends they

should be at the score that has been

reached, according to the sequence at the

start of the game.

3. All points scored before the discovery

of an error shall be reckoned.

1. Backhand push

2. Forehand push

3. Backhand drive

4. Forehand drive

TABLE TENNIS STROKES

> SHAKEHAND/WESTERN GRIP

- grip favored by most players in the Western

world

- V shape

> PENHOLD GRIP

- used predominantly by the Asian players

TABLE TENNIS GRIP

> controls the angle of the racket

> controls height of the ball

> controls the depth of the ball

> speed of the ball

> direction of the ball

> type of spin &

> amount of spin

TABLE TENNIS GRIP

TERMINOLOGIES

An alternative name for racket

BAT

The wooden part of the racket

BLADE

A topspin played close to the net

making contact with the ball just after

it bounces

BLOCK

A stroke that is hit diagonally from

corner to corner

CROSS-COURT

A stroke played which returns the ball

with very little spin or “no spin”

DEAD BALL

A shot which causes the ball to bounce

very near to the end table

DEEP/LONG

The ball bounces twice on the table

before a return is made.

DOUBLE BOUNCE

A stroke that’s played where the ball

travel parallel to the sidelines of the

table

DOWN THE LINE

A stroke played close to the table with

the racket arm moving forward &

slightly upwards in the direction that

the ball is going to travel

DRIVE

A shot drop very short near the net

played away from the table where

opponent is positioned

DROP SHOT / SHORT

Stroke that make contact with the ball

first before it bounces

EARLY

Rule is unfinished after 10 minutes (or earlier

time requested) serve for 1 point in turn

If receiving player makes 13 return, score a

point

EXPEDITE

Aggressive shot/hit with too much

speed from the opponent to return it.

KILL / SMASH

Excessive spin

LOADED

Defensive shot against high speed

returned very high in the air

LOB/LOOSE RETURN

Used to describe excessive speed

HEAVY / LOADED

Is a rally which the result is not scored;

Replay of service

LET

Stroke that makes contact with the

ball when the ball is descending rather

than rising

LATE

Where handle is held between thumb and forefinger

Asian players

PENHOLD GRIP

The portion of the racket (near center)

which produce the best response

SWEET SPOT

Type of spin imparted ball causing it

to “arc” over the net and down on the

table

TOP SPIN

Stroke with minimum topspin so that

the ball travels very low over the net.

FLAT

Hand not holding the racket

FREE HAND

Type of spin defensive shot.

Bottom of the ball will move away from you

BACK SPIN/UNDER SPIN

Turning the racket hand to use the

different sides with different rubber to

deceive the opponent

TWIDDLE

Hitting the ball before it bounces.

Loses point.

VOLLEY

The person appointed to control the match

UMPIRE

The player due to strike the ball first in rally

SERVER

Type of spin imparted causing it to

move left/right after it strikes the table

SIDESPIN

A smash stroke played in response to

a smash stroke

COUNTER SMASH

Serve where ball is thrown high to

increase amount of spin/speed

imparted onto the ball.

HIGH TOSS SERVE

Stroke played close to the table hit

over the back or top of ball using a

loose wrist action to impart topspin

FLICK

the period during which the ball is in play.

RALLY

The rally is scored

POINT

Hand carrying the racket

RACKET HAND

Not carrying the racket

FREE HAND

From the moment that the ball is on

the freehand for the service until a

rally is decided as a let or point

IN PLAY

The player hits the ball with his racket

held in the hand or with his racket

hand below the wrist.

STRIKES

The ball is touched by anything he

wears or carries when it is above the

playing surface not having touched

the court.

OBSTRUCT

The person who is to strike first in the rally.

SERVER

The person clue to strike the scored ball.

RECEIVER

The person appointed to control the match.

UMPIRE

Assist the umpire with certain decisions.

ASSISTANT UMPIRE

Ball passes anywhere other than

between the net and the playing

surface.

OVER OR AROUND