highlight results from the magic telescopes e lisa p randini * padova university & infn from...
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Highlight results from the MAGIC telescopes
ELISA PRANDINI*
Padova University & INFN
From neutrino to multimessenger astronomy : status and perspectives
Marseilles 4th April 2011 *Mail to: prandini@pd.infn.it
OUTLINE
2
MAGIC: A LOW ENERGY THRESHOLD IACT
RECENT RESULTS
oGALACTIC
oEXTRAGALACTIC
FINAL REMARKS
MAIN IACT OBSERVATORIESIN THE WORLD
MAGIC
H.E.S.S.VERITAS
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THE TEV SKY
H.E.S.S.
MAGIC & VERITAS
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From: TeVCat http://tevcat.uchicago.edu/
• 46 extragalactic objects• 61 galactic objects
THE MAGIC TELESCOPES Energy threshold ~50 GeV (~ 25 GeV with a special
trigger) FOV 3.5o
Energy Resolution ~16% (E>300 GeV) Angular Resolution ~0.07o (E>300 GeV) Sensitivity (5 s in 50 hours) ~0.8% Crab Nebula flux (>
250 GeV)
MAGIC I (2004) MAGIC II (2009)
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MAGIC: THE INSTRUMENT
SIGNAL TRANSPORT
IPEIPEIPECE
NET
ACQUISITION SYSTEM
MIRRORSSTRUCTURE
CAMERA
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Cosmology and fundamental physics
Source detection and monitoring
MAGIC ASTROPHYSICS
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THE STEREO IMPROVEMENT (2009)
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THE SENSITIVITY:
required observation time for DETECTION greatly reduced!
a factor of two more sensitive above 250 GeV,up to factor 3 at 100 GeV
ACHIEVEMENTS…
New discoveries
ToO program
MWL campaigns
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6 new sources in 1 year!
Optical triggersHE g-rays triggers
Characterization of the SEDCombined information
… AND OPEN SEARCH FIELDSDark matter emitters
GRBs…
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pulsar
SupernovaRemnants
X-ray binaries
MAGICSOURCES
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pulsar
SupernovaRemnants
X-ray binaries
blazars
FSRQs
radiogalaxies
MAGICSOURCES
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pulsar
SupernovaRemnants
X-ray binaries
blazars
FSRQs
radiogalaxies
MAGICSOURCES
Galaxy Clusters
GRBs
Dwarf Galaxies
Unidentified objects
LATEST STEREO DISCOVERIES
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NGC 1275 IC 310
1ES 1215+303 4C +21.35
B3 2247+381
MAGIC J2001+435
6 new extragalactic objects in12 months!
ACHIEVEMENTS…
New discoveries
ToO program
MWL campaigns
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6 new sources in 1 year!
Optical triggersHE g-ray triggersNeutrino triggers
Characterization of the SEDCombined information
… AND OPEN SEARCH FIELDSDark matter emitters
GRBs…
TARGET OF OPPORTUNITY OBSERVATIONS
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1. Discovery of new sources
2. Study of eventual correlations
Optical ToOs: very successfulFermi ToOs: promisingNeutrino ToOs
TARGET OF OPPORTUNITY OBSERVATIONS
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1. Discovery of new sources
2. Study of eventual correlations
Optical ToOs: very successfulFermi ToOs: promisingNeutrino ToOs
MAGIC 13.1hS=5.8 σ
ApJ 704 (2009) L129
Example - the discovery of S5 0716+714:
ACHIEVEMENTS…
New discoveries
ToO program
MWL campaigns
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Optical triggersHE g-ray triggersNeutino triggers
Combined informationCharacterization of the SED
… AND OPEN SEARCH FIELDSDark matter emitters
GRBs…
6 new sources in 1 year!
JOINT HESS-MAGIC-VERITAS CAMPAIGN OF M87 (SCIENCE 2009)
VHE
nucleus
Peak flux
knot HST-1
nucleus
X-ray
Radio
HST-1Core
Knot DKnot A
Colours: 0.2 - 6 keV (Chandra)Contours: 8 GHz radio (VLA)
The M87 radio-galaxy Jet
• Shared monitoring HESS, MAGIC VERITAS• Confirmation of day-scale variability at VHE• Evidence of central origin of the VHE emission (60 Rs to the BH)
Chandra
jet18
ACHIEVEMENTS…
New discoveries
ToO program
MWL campaigns
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Characterization of the SEDCombined information
… AND OPEN SEARCH FIELDSDark matter emitters
GRBs…
6 new sources in 1 year!
Optical triggersHE g-ray triggersNeutino triggers
OUTLINE
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MAGIC: A LOW ENERGY THRESHOLD IACT
RECENT RESULTS
oGALACTIC
oEXTRAGALACTIC
FINAL REMARKS
Criterion: Recent/incoming
publications!
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OUR STANDARD CANDLE: THE CRAB NEBULA
• 3.2 hours of Crab Nebula data• stereoscopic system• November 2009
Complete coverage!
preliminary
OUR STANDARD CANDLE: THE CRAB NEBULA
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• 3.2 hours of Crab Nebula data• stereoscopic system• November 2009
Low energy!
OUR STANDARD CANDLE: THE CRAB NEBULA
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Low energy range overlap with Fermi!
VHE g-RAY EMISSION FROM BINARY SYSTEMS
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LSI +61 303 Discovered by MAGIC in 2006
Correlation between X and VHE g emission
Suggests leptonic processes are at work.
MAGIC Coll.ApJ Lett 706 (2009)
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VHE g-RAY EMISSION FROM BINARY SYSTEMS
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LSI +61 303 Discovered by MAGIC in 2006
Correlation between X and VHE g emission
Suggests leptonic processes are at work.
MAGIC Coll.ApJ Lett 706 (2009)
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MAGIC Coll.
ApJ 721 (2010) 843
Cyg X-3
Large MWL efforts! MAGIC measured upper limits
HESS J0632+057
January & February 2011:
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Discovered by H.E.S.S
VARIABLE (non detection by VERITAS)
Possible binary system (compatible with VHE and X-ray sources)
INCREASED X-RAY ACTIVITY (Swift-XRT Atel) from Jan 23th 2011 on till at least Feb 6th
ToO observations:
o VERITAS (Atel #3153): 7&8 February Flux 4% Crab > 400 GeV
o MAGIC (Atel #3161): 7-9 February Flux 3.4% Crab > 200
GeV
Magic signal detection
PULSAR OBSERVATIONS: THE CRAB NEBULA
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MAGIC is the only Cherenkov telescope that has detected a pulsar:o Special LOW-ENERGY “Sum-
Trigger” system
o Lower threshold (but higher systematics)
Pulsars: Energy cutoffs at few GeV ➙ very difficult for IACTs
Crab Nebula pulsar phaseogram (Oct 2007 – Jan 2009)
Clear signal
Determinant to CONSTRAIN MODEL: discards production mechanisms close to the pulsar surface, where the B-field is too high
LONG TERM STUDY OF BRIGHT EXTRAGALACTICSOURCES
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Mkn 421, Mkn 501, 1ES 1959+650, 1ES 2344+514, PG1553+113
Strategies: MWL campaigns, ToOs
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preliminary
Correlation with X-ray
Jan 20th – April 30th 2009 SED
LONG TERM STUDY OF BRIGHT EXTRAGALACTICSOURCES
Mkn 421, Mkn 501, 1ES 1959+650, 1ES 2344+514, PG1553+113
Strategies: MWL campaigns, ToOs
MKN 421 MWL VIEW
FERMI MAGIC
Both peaks are resolved!
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A RECENT DISCOVERY: IC 310 (MONO & STEREO)
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Fermi (10-100 GeV)
MAGIC Coll.,ApJ Lett.
723 (2010) L207-212
E > 400 GeV
Head tail radio galaxy Observation triggered by
Fermi (hard spectra) Complex FoV Variable emission (since
2008) Inner jet emission
location favored
A RECENT DISCOVERY: IC 310 (MONO & STEREO)
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Head tail radio galaxy Observation triggered by
Fermi (hard spectra) Complex FoV Variable emission (since
2008) Inner jet emission
location favored
Fermi (10-100 GeV)
MAGIC Coll.,ApJ Lett.
723 (2010) L207-212
MAGIC discovery (E<400 GeV)!! ATel October 2010
E > 400 GeV
Dominguez et al. (2011)
xx
x
VHE PHOTONS ABSORPTION BY THE EXTRAGALACTIC BACKGROUND LIGHT
Absorption:
dF/dEOBS= (dF/dEEM) e-t
VHE photon + diffuse light electron-positron pair production
VHEEBL e+e-
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g-g opacity Absorption:
dF/dEOBS= (dF/dEEM) e-t
EBL Model Dominguez et al. (2011)
The ENERGY THRESHOLD plays a key role!
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3C 279 (JAN-APR 2006)
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- The farthest TeV object (z=0.54)
- Modeling of 3C 279 non-trivial
6.2σ2.2σ
MAGIC: E>100 GeV
MAGIC Coll.,Science 320 (2008)
1752
Index 4.1+-0.68
3C 279 (FOLLOW-UP OBSERVATIONS)
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16th of January 2007: another flare detected (during a high optical state!)
MAGIC Coll., accepted to
A&A
Confirms 2006 signal and short
timescale variations
MAGIC: E>150 GeV
Optical state (KVA)
PKS 1222+21:MAGIC DISCOVERY!
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The second most distant TeV emitter (z ~ 0.432)
FSRQ
One night of detection:
o 17th June 2010
Rapid variations!
No cut-off observed:
o Emitting region constrained to lie outside the BLR
MAGIC Coll.,ApJ Letters 2011, 730
L8
PKS 1222+21:MAGIC DISCOVERY!
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The second most distant TeV emitter (z ~ 0.432)
FSRQ
One night of detection:
o 17th June 2010
Rapid variations!
No cut-off observed:
o Emitting region contrained to lie outside the BLR
Challenge for blazar emission models
DARK MATTER SEARCH WITH MAGIC
Dwarf Galaxies (High mass-to-light ratio)
Galaxy clusters (~80% is DM)
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MAGIC ULs from good candidates:o Segue Io Willman Io Draco
Perseus (z = 0.018)Constraints on emission:
o from Cosmic Rayso through Dark Matter annihilationo from NGC 1275 (Now detected at VHE)MAGIC Coll, ApJ 710 (2010)
634
Peresus ClusterMAGIC-1 only Nov-Dec 2008
g-RAYS FROM DM SELF-ANNIHILATION
MAGIC Coll, submitted to JCAP
MAGIC Coll, ApJ 697,1299 (2009)
MAGIC Coll, ApJ, 679, 428 (2008)
MANY NEW DISCOVERIES…1 YEAR OF A-TELS:
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1. 25 February 2011: MAGIC OBSERVES A VERY HIGH ENERGY GAMMA-RAY FLARE FROM 1ES 0806+524
2. 11 February 2011: MAGIC CONFIRMS VHE GAMMA-RAY EMISSION FROM HESS J0632+057 BETWEEN 7-9 FEB 2011
3. 6 JANUARY 2011: DISCOVERY OF VERY HIGH ENERGY GAMMA-RAY EMISSION FROM 1ES 1215+303 BY MAGIC
4. 23 OCTOBER 2010: NO SIGNIFICANT ENHANCEMENT IN THE VHE GAMMA-RAY FLUX OF THE CRAB NEBULA MEASURED BY MAGIC IN SEPTEMBER 2010
5. 10 OCTOBER 2010: DISCOVERY OF VERY HIGH ENERGY GAMMA-RAY EMISSION FROM NGC 1275 BY MAGIC
6. 7 October 2010: DISCOVERY OF VERY HIGH ENERGY GAMMA-RAY EMISSION FROM B3 2247+381 BY MAGIC
7. 22 July 2010: Discovery of Very High Energy gamma-ray emission from 1FGL J2001.1+4351 by MAGIC
8. 19 June 2010: MAGIC DETECTS A VHE FLARE FROM 4C +21.35 (PKS 1222+21)
9. 9 April 2010: VERITAS AND MAGIC REPORT FLARING IN VERY HIGH ENERGY GAMMA RAYS FROM M 87
10. 25 MARCH 2010: MAGIC DETECTS VHE GAMMA-RAY EMISSION FROM IC 310
Strong points of MAGIC Future plans
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Low energy threshold
o Overlapping with Fermi
o Deep universe
New stereoscopic system
Fast repositioning (sensitivity to transients: GRB)
Moon observations
MAGIC upgrade (IMPROVE LOW ENERGY SENSITIVITY):
o M1 Camera
o Trigger
o Readout electronics
… many new discoveries!!
CONCLUSIONS
Improved trigger acceptance and energy threshold
Less noise
Strong points of MAGIC Future plans
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Low energy threshold
o Overlapping with Fermi
o Deep universe
New stereoscopic system
Fast repositioning (sensitivity to transients: GRB)
Moon observations
MAGIC upgrade (IMPROVE LOW ENERGY SENSITIVITY):
o M1 Camera
o Trigger
o Readout electronics
… many new discoveries!!
CONCLUSIONS
Thanks
!
Improved trigger acceptance and energy threshold
Less noise
Backup Slides
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THE VHE g-RAY SKY: A NEW FIELD
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BLAZARS SED: BEAMING EFFECTS
Collimation (sinq=1/g)
Time: DtOBS= DtEM/d
Energy: nOBS = d nEM
Luminosity: LOBS = dp LEM
Rs < cDtVAR / (1+z)45
log(E)
nF n
eV keV MeV GeV TeV
Simplified SED
d= Doppler factor, ~10p ~ 4
DETECTION TECHNIQUE
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MAGIC CAMERAM1: 377 0.1o PMTs, 180 0.2o
M2: 1039 0.1o PMTs
QE ~ 30%
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MAGIC TRIGGER Multi-level:
o L0: threshold
o L1: temporal and spatial coincidence (topology)
o L2: topological constraints to the images (flag mode)
o L3: stereo coincidence
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