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Highland Science Department
Ionic Nomenclature
Highland Science Department
Ionic Nomenclature
the more metallic element always comes first
Highland Science Department
Ionic Nomenclature
Multivalent Ions: metals with more than one common valence
-the possible valences are indicated on your periodic table
Highland Science Department
Ionic Nomenclature
Multivalent Ions: metals with more than one common valence
-the possible valences are indicated on your periodic table
Polyatomic Ions: groups of atoms that behave as a single ion
Highland Science Department
Ionic Nomenclature
Polyatomic Ions:acetate CH3COO1-
ammonium NH41+
hydroxide OH1-
cyanide CN1-
permanganate MnO41-
thiocyanate SCN1-
hydrogen carbonateHCO31- (bicarbonate)
Highland Science Department
Polyatomic Ions from oxy-acids
One extra oxygen(per-ate)
Basic Ion(-ate)
One fewer oxygen(-ite)
Two fewer oxygen (hypo-ite)
ClO31-
chlorate
NO31-
nitrate
CO32-
carbonate
SO42-
sulfate
PO43-
phosphate
Highland Science Department
Polyatomic Ions from oxy-acids
One extra oxygen(per-ate)
Basic Ion(-ate)
One fewer oxygen(-ite)
Two fewer oxygen(hypo-ite)
ClO41-
perchlorateClO3
1-
chlorate
NO41-
pernitrateNO3
1-
nitrate
CO42-
percarbonateCO3
2-
carbonate
SO52-
persulfateSO4
2-
sulfate
PO53-
perphosphatePO4
3-
phosphate
Highland Science Department
Polyatomic Ions from oxy-acids
One extra oxygen(per-ate)
Basic Ion(-ate)
One fewer oxygen (ite)
Two fewer oxygen (hypo-ite)
ClO41-
perchlorateClO3
1-
chlorateClO2
1-
chlorite
NO41-
pernitrateNO3
1-
nitrateNO2
1-
nitrite
CO42-
percarbonateCO3
2-
carbonateCO2
2-
carbonite
SO52-
persulfateSO4
2-
sulfateSO3
2-
sulfite
PO53-
perphosphatePO4
3-
phosphatePO3
3-
phosphite
Highland Science Department
Polyatomic Ions from oxy-acids
One extra oxygen(per-ate)
Basic Ion(-ate)
One fewer oxygen (ite)
Two fewer oxygen (hypo-ite)
ClO41-
perchlorateClO3
1-
chlorateClO2
1-
chloriteClO1-
hypochlorite
NO41-
pernitrateNO3
1-
nitrateNO2
1-
nitriteNO1-
hyponitrite
CO42-
percarbonateCO3
2-
carbonateCO2
2-
carboniteCO2-
hypocarbonite
SO52-
persulfateSO4
2-
sulfateSO3
2-
sulfiteSO2
2-
hyposulfite
PO53-
perphosphatePO4
3-
phosphatePO3
3-
phosphitePO2
3-
hypophosphite
Highland Science Department
Polyatomic Ions from oxy-acids
NICK the CAMEL had a CLAM for SUPPER in PHOENIX
1. First letter(s) indicates name e.g. NICK = nitrate
Highland Science Department
Polyatomic Ions from oxy-acids
NICK the CAMEL had a CLAM for SUPPER in PHOENIX
1. First letter(s) indicates name e.g. NICK = nitrate
2. # of consonants indicates # of oxygene.g. NICK has 3 = NO3
Highland Science Department
Polyatomic Ions from oxy-acids
NICK the CAMEL had a CLAM for SUPPER in PHOENIX
1. First letter(s) indicates name e.g. NICK = nitrate
2. # of consonants indicates # of oxygene.g. NICK has 3 = NO3
3. # of vowels indicates valencee.g. NICK has 1 = NO3
1-
Highland Science Department
Polyatomic Ions from oxy-acids
NICK the CAMEL had a CLAM for SUPPER in PHOENIX
1. First letter(s) indicates name e.g. NICK = nitrate
2. # of consonants indicates # of oxygene.g. NICK has 3 = NO3
3. # of vowels indicates valencee.g. NICK has 1 = NO3
1-
-add an oxygen to any to get "per-ate"-subtract an oxygen to get "ite"-subtract two oxygens to get "hypo-ite"
Highland Science Department
Formula Writing: criss cross method kris kross
1. Write the valences (oxidation numbers) beside each ion as superscripts
e.g. magnesium oxideMg2+ O2-
Highland Science Department
Formula Writing: criss cross method
1. Write the valences (oxidation numbers) beside each ion as superscripts
e.g. magnesium oxideMg2+ O2-
2. Cross the valences (without charge) to the pairing atom and write as subscripts
Mg2 O2
Highland Science Department
Formula Writing: criss cross method
1. Write the valences beside each ion as subscripts
e.g. magnesium oxideMg2+ O2-
2. Cross the valences (without charge) to the pairing atom and write as subscripts
Mg2 O2
3. Reduce the subscripts to their lowest formsMg1 O1
Highland Science Department
Formula Writing: criss cross method
1. Write the valences beside each ion as subscripts
e.g. magnesium oxideMg2+ O2-
2. Cross the valences (without charge) to the pairing atom and write as subscripts
Mg2 O2
3. Reduce the subscripts to their lowest formsMg1 O1
4. Do not write ones; they are understoodMg O
Highland Science Department
Formula Writing: criss cross method
1. Write the valences beside each ion as subscripts
e.g. magnesium oxideMg2+ O2-
2. Cross the valences (without charge) to the pairing atom and write as subscripts
Mg2 O2
3. Reduce the subscripts to their lowest formsMg1 O1
4. Do not write ones; they are understoodMg O
* For polyatomic ions, place the ion in brackets before writing the subscript
Highland Science Department
Formula Writing: criss cross method
Try these:
1. sodium fluoride2. lithium oxide3. beryllium sulfide4. calcium chloride5. ammonium iodide6. magnesium carbonate
Highland Science Department
Formula Writing: criss cross method
Try these:
1. sodium fluoride NaF2. lithium oxide Li2O3. beryllium sulfide BeS4. calcium chloride CaCl25. ammonium iodide NH4I6. magnesium carbonate MgCO3
Highland Science Department
Naming: -metal is named first-non-metal is named second with its ending changed to "ide" for binary (2 element) molecules
Highland Science Department
Naming: -metal is named first-non-metal is named second with its ending changed to "ide" for binary (2 element) molecules-reverse criss cross sorts out the valence of a multi-valent ion
e.g. FeO vs. Fe2O3
Fe1+ O1- Fe3+ O2-
-oxygen can only be O2- so...Fe2+ O2- Fe3+ O2-
double them both
Highland Science Department
Naming: -metal is named first-non-metal is named second with its ending changed to "ide" for binary (2 element) molecules-reverse criss cross sorts out the valence of a multi-valent ion
e.g. FeO vs. Fe2O3
Fe1+ O1- Fe3+ O2-
-oxygen can only be O2- so...Fe2+ O2- Fe3+ O2-
double them both-the multi-valent ion valence is written in Roman numerals in brackets after the name
iron (II) oxide iron (III) oxide
Highland Science Department
Naming: Roman numeral FYI
I = 1II = 2III = 3IV = 4V = 5VI = 6VII = 7VIII = 8
*the pattern: I's placed after add to the value, I's placed before subtract
Highland Science Department
Naming:
the same pattern holds true for bigger numbersX = 10L = 50C = 100M = 1000
2013 MMXIII
1997 MCMXCVII
Highland Science Department
Naming:
the same pattern holds true for bigger numbersX = 10L = 50C = 100M = 1000
2013 MMXIII
1997 MCMXCVII
Imagine doing scientific notation......or just thank the Middle East for Arabic
numerals
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