hidden local symmetry and correlations of nucleons in nuclear matter

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Hidden Local Symmetry and Correlations of Nucleons in Nuclear Matter

Ji-sheng Chen

Phys. Dep. & Institue Of Particle Phys. , CCNU, Wuhan 430079

With P.-F Zhuang (Tsinghua Univ.) ,J.-R Li(CCNU) and M. Jin (Tsinghua Univ.)

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Contents1. Motivation2. Correlations:a. Superfluidity with screening effectsb. Novel EM interactions on the correlations o

f nucleons in nuclear matter with Proca Lagrangrian

3. Conclusions and prospects

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1. Motivation• Phase transtion

~ changes of symmetry is the central topic of physics (nuclear physics, condensed physics, high energy etc.)

“Vacuum ” physics attracts much attention.

Heavy ion collisions’ goal:High T/ρ Physics,

• Medium effects? Many-body Physics?

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EOS and pairing correlation:a hot topic in temporary physics Full description of Nuclear Matter

Phase diagram Astrophysics Heavy ion collisions

Widely discussed in the literature and attract much attention.

Conclusion can not be made up to now!

2a, Screening effects on 1S0 correlation

J.-S Chen, P.-F Zhuang and J.-R Li, Nucl-th/0309033, Phys. Lett.B 585, 85 (2004), Crucial: interaction potential medium dependent induced by polarization

Inspired by Phys.Lett. B445 (1999) 254, with the proposal by R. Rapp et al., “in-medium bonn potential…”, Phys.Rev.Lett. 82 (1999) 1827.

Polarization effects are discussed within the original version of quantum hadrodynamics(QHD).

Superfluidity in nuclear matter:a longstanding issue Bohr, B.R. Mottelson, and D. Pines, Phys. Rev. 110, 936

(1958) to interpret some puzzles in nuclear theory.Qualitatively or quantitatively, not unique yet! Various approaches tried and gave quite different results “standard” but non-relativistic, J. Decharge and D. Gogny, Phys. Rev. C 21, 1568 (1980). Relativistic continuous field theory, H. Kucharek and P. Ring, Z. Phys. A 339, 23 (1991).Attention: A,Quite unacceptable numerical results of superfluidity with froze

n meson propagators. B,Screening effects widely discussed within the frame of nonrelati

vistic frame!

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2b, Broken U(1) EM symmetry related with LG phase transition and breached pairing(NN, NP) strengths

nucl-th/0402022,J.-S Chen, J.-R Li and M. Jin,An improved version will be accessible soon.

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Motivation

The unrealistic and very uncomfortable non-zero gaps at zero baryon density with QHD existed in the literature

Anderson-Higgs mechanism and electric-weak theory, super-symmetry theory

The quite different negative scattering lengths of nucleons!

NPPPNN aaa ,,

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Framework: relativistic nuclear field theory (QHD), a good one to discuss symmetry physics

QHD hidden Chiral symmetry (QCD characteristic? the parametric description of residual strong interaction between nucleons):

G.-E Brown et al., NPA596(1996) 503; G. Gelmini et al., PLB 357 (1995) 431.

How about “weak” EM symmetry?Important non-saturating coulomb interaction role on the EOS? Multi-canonical formalism Phys.Rev.Lett. 91 (2003) 202701, argu

ed the theoretical background needs to be explored.

Why? Not-empty of realistic ground state with mean field t

heory approach! Nonzero electric charge of protons and charged clusters

Infrared singularity of photon propagator even with Fock exchange term

~point-like interaction model(s) ; Furry theorem’s limit: direct Hartree contribution can not be included, theoretically!

Empirically, quite different negative scattering lengths with Charge Breaking Symmetry (CSB) between various nucleons

(Phys.Rev. C69 (2004) 054317)

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How?Constructed a Proca-like model Lagrangian (not Maxwell EM formalism?)

with a parametric photon mass

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Effective potential, EOS:mean field theory approximation

EOS for charged nuclear matter in Heavy Ion Collision

Coulomb Compression Modulus & The fraction ratio

For charge neutralizedsystemePN e ,

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Solid limit for photon parameter mass

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Physical understanding for “photon mass”? Just for the parametric description of EM

interaction? EM interaction is mixed with other residual strong ones.

Deep reasoning: responsible for the nucleon structure. EM field is mixed with gluon etc. and obtains virtual mass?

Infrared singularity~ gluon condensation, confinement. In deed, how to “appropriately” dispose proton is a puzzle to some extent even in standard model.

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Powerful if done like so EM breaking (U(1) electric charge symmetry Breaki

ng CSB) ~ SU(2) isospin breaking. They should be taken into account simultaneously.

There is some kind competition between them for phase space distribution function deformation- (corresponding to supercharge)!

The former dominates over the latter!

“Weak” interaction is “strong” in many-body environment.

Not important for bulk EOS property, but important for transport coefficients and affects the relevant flows!

Relevant topics Strongly coupling electrons correlations. Not Trivial screening effects!

QGP, How to solve the Puzzle?hep-ph/0307267:Edward V. Shuryak, Ismail Zahed, Rethinking the Properties of the Quark-Gluon Plasma at $T\sim T_c$? (q

uasiparticles into pair “mesons” or color electric clusters: attractive Color Coulomb Yukawa force);

hep-th/0310031:Edward V. Shuryak, Ismail Zahed Spin-Spin and Spin-Orbit Interactions in Strongly Coupled Gauge Theori

es

… G.E. Brown et al.’sNon-perturbative characteristic as well as many-body physics

Compact star as Type-I superconductor, PRL 92, 151102 (2004).

Rule completely the magnetic field out of the star!Locally electric charged stars? Vortex phenomena?

(Hottest topic in astroparticle physics and condensed matter physics)

J. Ekman et al., “The hitherto overlooked electromagnetic spin-orbit term is shown to play a major role ”

Phys. Rev. Lett. 92, 132502 (2004) (experimentally)(Very difficult to analyze with nonrelativistic nuclear t

heory.)

Lasting and interesting• 1S0 Proton and Neutron Superfluidity in beta-sta

ble Neutron Star Matter W. Zuo et al., nucl-th/0403026,

“The three-body force has only a small effect on the neutron 1S0 pairing gap, but it suppresses strongly the proton 1S0 superfluidity in $\beta$-stable neutron star matter”. The CSB effects.

3.Conclusions and Prospects1.Superfluidity with screening effects

Improving the description for the nuclear matter propertySignificantly at ρ=0?“polarization~fluctuation effects suppress the pairing gaps by a fact of 3~4 ” :A. Schwenk, B. Friman and G.E. Brown with other approaches PRL92,082501(2004), NPA 713, 191(2003),703, 745 (2003) etc.2. Proca-like QHDApply into finite nuclei structure or neutron star structure esp. the mirror-nuclei would give many interesting results (tensor or spin-orbit force).3. liquid-gas phase transition and different gaps can be seen as the fingerprint of the spontaneously U(1) gauge symmetry within the framework?

Highlights:many-body physics

a, CSB should be taken into account properly (models or approaches) within the frame of continuous field theory

b,fluctuations and correlations: weak interactions may lead to richful phase structure for hot and dense system~quantum Hall effects, Landau levels...

c, For QGP, if really produced as argued, how about the “phase structure” in this special phase near the critical temperature regime. Viscosity coefficients?

(multi-components system)?

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Comments welcome to

Chenjs@iopp.ccnu.edu.cn

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Thank You!