hazmat ch07
Post on 25-May-2015
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Mission-Specific Competencies:
Personal Protective Equipment
7
Objectives (1 of 3)
• Describe personal protective equipment (PPE) for hazardous materials incidents
• Describe the capabilities of the PPE provided by the authority having jurisdiction (AHJ) so as to perform any mission-specific tasks assigned
7
Objectives (2 of 3)
• Describe how to don, work in, and doff the PPE provided by the AHJ
• Describe PPE performance requirements
• Describe ways to ensure that personnel do not go beyond their level of training and equipment
7
Objectives (3 of 3)
• Describe cooling technologies
• Terminate the incident by completing the reports and documentation pertaining to PPE
7
Selecting Personal Protective Equipment
• Use risk-based approach in selecting
• Disposable, single, or limited use
• Reusable– Need testing at regular intervals– Store in cool, dry place
7
TRACEMP (1 of 2)
• Acronym for potential responder hazards– Thermal– Radiological– Asphyxiating– Chemical
7
TRACEMP (2 of 2)
– Etiological/biological–Mechanical– Psychogenic
7
Street Clothing and Work Uniforms(1 of 2)
• Least protection
• Nomex flame-resistant jumpsuit
7
Street Clothing and Work Uniforms(2 of 2)
A Nomex jumpsuit.
7
Structural Firefighting Protective Equipment (1 of 3)
• Includes:– Helmet– Bunker coat– Bunker pants– Boots– Gloves
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Structural Firefighting Protective Equipment (2 of 3)
• Includes:– Hood– SCBA– Personal alert safety system (PASS) device
7
Structural Firefighting Protective Equipment (3 of 3)
Standard turnout gear or structural firefighting gear.
7
High Temperature–Protective Equipment (1 of 2)
• Protects for short exposure
• Does not protect from hazardous materials
7
High Temperature–Protective Equipment (2 of 2)
High temperature–protective equipment protects the wearer from high temperatures during a short exposure.
7
Chemical-Protective Clothing(1 of 2)
• Compatibility charts– Help choose right clothing for incident
• Chemical-resistant materials resist:– Penetration– Permeation– Degradation
7
Chemical-Protective Clothing(2 of 2)
• May be single- or multi-piece garment
• Two main kinds:– Vapor-protective clothing– Liquid splash–protective clothing
7
Vapor-Protective Clothing (1 of 2)
• Full body protection
• Used for highly contaminated environments
• Requires SCBA
7
Vapor-Protective Clothing (2 of 2)
Vapor-protective clothing retains body heat, so it also increases the possibility of heat-related emergencies among responders.
7
Liquid Splash–Protective Clothing
(1 of 2)
• Protects wearer from chemical splashes
• Does not protect from gases and vapors
7
Liquid Splash–Protective Clothing
(2 of 2)
Liquid splash–protective clothing must be worn whenever there is the danger of chemical splashes.
7
Respiratory Protection
• SCBA– 30-minute units– 60-minute units
• Required by law in contaminated environments
7
Level A Ensemble (1 of 2)
• Fully encapsulating garment
• Encloses wearer and the respiratory protection
• Protects against only brief flash fire
• Affords alpha radiation protection
7
Level A Ensemble (2 of 2)
A Level A ensemble envelops the wearer in a totally encapsulating suit.
7
Level B Ensemble (1 of 3)
• Common level of protection, often chosen for its versatility
• Chemical protective:– Clothing– Boots– Gloves– SCBA
7
Level B Ensemble (2 of 3)
• High level of respiratory protection
• Less skin protection
• Little or no flash fire protection
7
Level B Ensemble (3 of 3)
A Level B protective ensemble provides a high level of respiratory protection but less skin protection.
7
Level C Ensemble (1 of 3)
• Appropriate when airborne contaminant is known
• Worn in long-duration, low-hazard situations
7
Level C Ensemble (2 of 3)
• Consists of:– Standard work clothing– Chemical-protective clothing– Chemical-resistant gloves– Respiratory protection other than SCBA/SAR
7
Level C Ensemble (3 of 3)
Level C protective ensemble includes chemical-protective clothing and gloves as well as respiratory protection.
7
Level D Ensemble (1 of 2)
• Work uniform that includes coveralls
• Provides minimal protection
7
Level D Ensemble (2 of 2)
A Level D protective ensemble is primarily a work uniform that includes coveralls and provides minimal protection.
7
Equipment Performance
• Garments will withstand reasonable insults
• Not “bulletproof”
• Read manufacturer’s specifications
7
Responder Safety (1 of 3)
• Issues can arise from wearing PPE– Heat exhaustion– Heat cramps– Heat stroke
• All are preceded by dehydration
7
Responder Safety (2 of 3)
• Field of vision is compromised – Can result in slips and falls– Face piece fogs up
• Bulky PPE inhibits mobility
• Gloves become slippery
7
Responder Safety (3 of 3)
• Safety procedures include:– Pre-entry medical monitoring– Use of buddy system– Radio communication– Hand signals
7
Heat Exchange Units
• Forced-air cooling systems
• Ice-cooled or gel-packed vests
• Fluid-chilled systems
• Phase-change cooling technology
7
Forced-Air Cooling Systems
• Force prechilled air through a system of hoses worn close to the body
• Lightweight, provide long-term cooling benefits
• Inhibit mobility (attached to external, fixed compressor)
7
Ice-Cooled or Gel-Packed Vests
(1 of 2)
• Low cost
• Portable
• Packs can be “recharged” (refrozen)
• Bulky
• May fool body into retaining heat
7
Ice-Cooled or Gel-Packed Vests
(2 of 2)
Ice-cooled system.
7
Fluid-Chilled Systems (1 of 2)
• Pump ice-chilled liquid through tubes
• May limit mobility
• Additional weight can increase workload and generate more heat
7
Fluid-Chilled Systems (2 of 2)
A fluid-chilled or water-cooled system.
7
Phase-Change Cooling Technology
(1 of 2)• Temperature of material is chilled to 60°F
• Fabric wicks away perspiration
• “Recharges” more quickly than gel-packed vest
7
Phase-Change Cooling Technology
(2 of 2)
Phase-change cooling technology.
7
Reporting and Documenting Incidents
• Important part of response
• Correlated with how well organized response was
• Formal accounts of event
• Exposure records
7
Summary (1 of 3)
• Use risk-based approach in selecting PPE
• Follow policies of local jurisdiction
• Chemical-protective clothing includes vapor-protective and liquid splash−protective clothing
7
Summary (2 of 3)
• NFPA 1994 covers garment and respiratory protection
• Levels A is required when environment exceeds IDLH values for skin absorption
• Level B is minimum when operating in unknown environment
• Level C is appropriate when the type of airborne substance is unknown, concentration is measured and criteria for APR’s are met
7
Summary (3 of 3)
• PPE may cause heat-related maladies
• Cooling technology under garment may help
• Follow manufacturer’s guidelines
• Written accounts of event and exposure records needed
7
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