handling children with special needs

WHO?

oVisual Impairment

oSpeech and Language Impairment

oAuditory Impairment

oDeaf/Blind

oAutism

oDevelopmental Disabilities (mental retardation)

oMultiple Disabilities

oOrthopedic Impairment (Physical)

o Specific Learning Disabilities

oEmotional/Behavior Disorder

oTraumatic Brain Injury

oMulti-sensory Impairment

o Serious Health Impairments

oGIFTED

WHAT?

RA 7277: Magna Carta for Disabled Persons

PD 603: Child and Youth Welfare Code.

Adhd

Autism

Blind

Cerebral Palsy

Deaf

Down’s Syndrome

Mentally retarded

ADHD

A condition in which a child exhibits

signs of developmentally inappropriate Hyperactivity, Impulsivity, and Inattention. These characteristics are usually present before the age of 7.

o Has a hard time paying attentiono Gets distracted easilyo Doesn’t “seem” to listeno Problems organizing informationo Dislikes tasks requiring sustained mental efforto Forgets easily & Misplaces things

o Fidgetso Leaves seat when required to sito Runs, climbs excessively or restlesso Problems playing quietlyo Always “on the go”o Excessive talking

o Answers before question is finished

o Problems with turn taking

o Interrupts other people’s conversations or activities

ADHD

Hyperactivity, Impulsivity & Inattention...

SO WHAT SHOULD YOU DO?

- Have lots of energy yourself!-Don’t give the child candies, sweets-Massage the child to calm him down-Try to establish routines. They don’t like suprises.

AUTISM

It is a developmental disorder of neurobiological origin that

affects the child's ability to communicate ideas and feelings, use imagination, and establish relationships with others

o Delay in language & communication skills

o Do not spontaneously participate in social interaction

( EX: play)o Stereotypical and repetitive behavior

patternso Skill development can be uneven in

learning & developmento They sense things differently

AUTISMSO WHAT SHOULD YOU DO?

Difficulty communicating, Imagining, Connecting

-Limit physical contact-Give the child fewer choices to lessen confusion-Speak clearly (not too loud)

BLIND

It is a condition that impairs

affects the child's vision…It causes eyeball deformities in the area of the eyes

o Tends to be extremely dependento Fearfulo Easily-consciouso Easily discouraged/frustrated

BLINDSO WHAT SHOULD YOU DO?

Difficulty seeing, Fearful, Self-Conscious

-Introduce Yourself-Orient them with the Surroundings-Guide their safety-Show the direction when they’re speaking-NEVER direct a question intended for them to someone else present

BLINDSO WHAT SHOULD YOU DO?

Difficulty seeing, Fearful, Self-Conscious

-Use the person’s name or lightly touch the arm of the one you are speaking to-Give Clear Verbal Instructions-Don’t leave them alone (leave them next to an object they can touch)

1. GRIP- the blind person holds the guide’s arm slightly above the elbow so that his thumb is on the outside & his fingers curved to the inside.

2. STANCE- the one who is blind should always be a half-step behind the guide with his shoulder directly in line with the shoulder of the sighted guide.This is very important because it allows the guide to know the location of the blind person at all times.

3. CHANGING SIDE- the guide should stay where he is, while the blind person keeps his hands on the guide’s back , slips in behind him, transferring his hold to the other arm of the guide & moves to the other side.

4. NARROW SPACES- the sighted guide should make a definite move with his arms back wards & over to the center of his back.

The blind person responds by straightening out his arm & steeping directly behind the guide. Both of them now in single file.

5. OPENING DOORS- the blind person must be on the hinge side of the door. As the guide & blind approach the door, the guide tells the blind, “we are coming to a door.”

6. GOING UP & DOWNSTAIRS- the sighted guide should tell the blind person that they are approaching stairs & whether they are going up & down. The one who is blind should be on the hand rail side because he may feel more comfortable holding on the railing while going upstairs.

7. SEATING- the guide takes the blind’s hands & places it on the back of the chair so that the blind has tactile contact & knows where the chair is. Then the other hand of the blind should be placed on the seat so he knows which way the chair is facing.

CEREBRAL PALSY

It is a neurological disorder and life-long condition that affects the communication between the brain and the muscles, causing a

permanent state of uncoordinated movement and posturing. Movements may be stiff or uncontrollable.

CEREBRAL PALSYSO WHAT SHOULD YOU DO?

Uncoordinated movement, Physical disability

-Support the child physically-Always look out for the child. -Be ready to catch your child if he/she falls

DEAF

It is a condition that impairsaffects the child's

hearing…Deaf children face more

language & communication difficulties

o Lip Reading (20-30 % of Spoken English)

o Sign Languageo Affects child’s prosocial

skillso May lead to isolation,

behavioral difficulties, aggression

DEAFSO WHAT SHOULD YOU DO?

Communication difficulties, isolation

-Learn Sign Language- Be friendly -When talking, face the child. -Don’t talk to him when he doesn’t see you.

DOWN’S SYNDROME

A condition resulting from a

chromosomal abnormality characterized by

mental retardation and

such physical signs as slanted eyes, flattened facial features, short status and tendency toward obesity.

DOWN’S SYNDROMESO WHAT SHOULD YOU DO?

Mental Retardation, slower development

-Simplify things-Be friendly

MENTAL RETARDATION

A condition in which a person

has an IQ that is below average and that affects an individual’s learning, behavior, and development.

o Learning Problemso Limitations in mental

ability that influence daily living and adaptation

MENTAL RETARDATIONSO WHAT SHOULD YOU DO?

Difficulty understanding, Lower IQ

-Simplify things-Talk in simple language

GENERAL TIPS

-Focus on the WHOLE child-View things from the Child’s Perspective-Simplify by Breaking down tasks into simpler steps-Use Physical assistance-Praise-Be a Model

"There are only two ways to live your life. One is as though nothing is a miracle. The other is as though everything is a miracle." - Albert Einstein