ha breast & axilla
Post on 19-Jul-2015
71 Views
Preview:
TRANSCRIPT
Breast and Axillae Also called the Mammary Gland in women. Lie in the Anterior Portion.
BREAST
Differences in Areola Pigmentation The pigment of the nipple and areola varies among different races, getting darker as skin tone darkens.
Whites Asians Blacks
In men and women, the lymphatic system is the most common route for the spread of breast cancer cells.
Breast Changes through Lifespan
BREAST & AXILLAE Inspect skin changes, symmetry, contours, and retraction in four views:Arms at side Arms over head Arms pressed against hips Leaning Forward
Arms at sideNote for:Appearance of skinColor Skin thickening Unusual prominent pores
Size and symmetry Contour of the breasts Characteristic of the nipples
Mastitis & Breast Engorgement
ORANGE PEEL Usually a late sign of breast cancer, peau dorange (orange peel skin) is the edematous thickening and pitting of breast skin. This sign can also occur with breast or axillary lymph node infection or Graves disease. Its striking orange peel appearance stems from lymphatic edema around deepened hair follicles.
Peau dorange
Arms over head Maneuver helps to bring out dimpling or retractions that may otherwise be invisible by contracting the pectoralis muscles. Dimpling or retraction of breasts in these positions suggests underlying cancer
Dimpling
Breast dimplingthe puckering or retraction of skin on the breast results from abnormal attachment of the skin to underlying tissue.
Hands pressed against Hip
ContourNote for: masses, dimpling, or flattening
Leaning ForwardThis position may reveal an asymmetry of the breast or nipple not otherwise visible. May also reveal retractions of the nipple and areola
Characteristics of the nipple
Breast Size & Asymmetry Asymmetry may occur normally in some adult women, with the left breast usually larger than the right
Gynecomastia
Palpation of Breasts
Palpation of Breasts
Identifying Location of Breast Lesions
Documenting a Breast LumpIf you palpate a lump, record these characteristics: size in centimeters shape round, discoid, regular, or irregular consistency soft, firm, or hard Mobility degree of tenderness location, using the quadrant or clock method.
Other Breast Abnormalities
Examining the AxillaeInspection With the patient sitting or standing, inspect the skin of the axillae for rashes, infections, or unusual pigmentation.
Palpating Axilla Ask the patient to relax her arm on the side youre examining. Support her elbow with one of your hands.
Palpating Axilla Cup the fingers of your other hand, and reach high into the apex of the axilla. Place your fingers directly behind the pectoral muscles, pointing toward the midclavicle.
top related