growth of trade and towns the late middle ages big picture questions to consider during this unit...
Post on 01-Jan-2016
216 Views
Preview:
TRANSCRIPT
Growth of Trade and Towns
The Late Middle Ages
Big Picture Questions to Consider During This Unit
How did the growth of towns decrease the power of feudal
nobles?
How did the growth of towns change the social structure in
Western Europe?
Barriers to trade during the Early Middle AgesThe Manors were self
sufficientThere was little money available for trade
The roads were poor and there were few bridges that had survived from the Roman EmpireChurch rules:
“just price” – no profit allowedUsury forbidden – no interest could be charged on loans
The Crusades had caused an increase in the demand for trade
The Muslims in the East had been exposed to new products from Europe
The Muslims in the East had been exposed to new products from Europe
TimberTimber
GrainGrain
FishFish
WoolWool
WineWine
OilsOils
LeatherLeather
ArmorArmor
The Crusaders had brought back products from the east that were now
in demand in western Europe
Cotton, Linen and Silk
Perfumes, Dyes and Medicine
Gold, Silver and Ivory
Trade Routes Emerge
International trading began in Italy – Venice & Genoa
Trading spread from Italy to Northern Europe first following the rivers, and then by ship - hugging the coastline.
The cities in Flanders & those of the Hanseatic League began to spread trade in northern EuropeThe cities in Flanders & those of the Hanseatic League began to spread trade in northern Europe
Markets and fairs emerged as a way for the towns to trade with each other.
Markets and fairs emerged as a way for the towns to trade with each other.
Increased trade led for the need of more products = manufacturing
Increased trade led for the need of more products = manufacturing
Domestic System – All work done at home.
Trader buys wool
Sells product to highestbidder
Domestic System – All work done at home.
Trader buys wool
Sells product to highestbidder
Increased trading leads to investment.People start building capital.
What is “Capital?
A market economy emerges – Land, Labor and Capital is controlled by individuals.
A market economy emerges – Land, Labor and Capital is controlled by individuals.
Social Changes created by the growth of towns.
Rights of townspeopleGuilds Form
Rise of the Middle Class
Merchant & Banking Families Gain Power & Influence
Rights of TownspeopleRights of Townspeople
Freedom: If no one challenged the status of an “escaped” serf for a year and a day, they became free.Freedom: If no one challenged the status of an “escaped” serf for a year and a day, they became free.
Townspeople did not have to perform services for the Manor.Townspeople did not have to perform services for the Manor.
Town Justice: Towns had their own courts – were not under the control of the Lord of the ManorTown Justice: Towns had their own courts – were not under the control of the Lord of the Manor
Commercial privileges: Townspeople could sell goods and products freely without getting the Lord’s permission.Commercial privileges: Townspeople could sell goods and products freely without getting the Lord’s permission.
Soon Guilds Began to Form in the Towns
A Guild is an association or a group of people who are engaged in the same business or the
same trade or profession
A Guild is an association or a group of people who are engaged in the same business or the
same trade or profession
There were two types of Guilds: Merchant Guilds and Craft GuildsThere were two types of Guilds: Merchant Guilds and Craft Guilds
Today a Merchant Guild might be the local Chamber of Commerce, and a
Craft Guild would be a Union
Today a Merchant Guild might be the local Chamber of Commerce, and a
Craft Guild would be a Union
Merchant Guilds
Merchant Guilds
- Exclusive right to trade in the town- Outside merchants had to pay a fee to
trade in town.- Made loans to members of the Guild- Supported widows & orphans of deceased members
- Exclusive right to trade in the town- Outside merchants had to pay a fee to
trade in town.- Made loans to members of the Guild- Supported widows & orphans of deceased members
Craft GuildsCraft
Guilds
- Set hours & conditions of labor-Regulated quality of work- Made loans to members and helped out
poorer members
- Set hours & conditions of labor-Regulated quality of work- Made loans to members and helped out
poorer members
Stages of Craft Guild Membership
Apprentice:Age 7: Parents sent boy to work with Master and learn trade (3-12 years)
Apprentice:Age 7: Parents sent boy to work with Master and learn trade (3-12 years)
JourneymanJourneyman
- Worked for daily wages. - Became a master by submitting proof which would be judged by masters.
- Worked for daily wages. - Became a master by submitting proof which would be judged by masters.
MasterMaster
Master could start his own business, train apprentices and hire journeymen
Master could start his own business, train apprentices and hire journeymen
The increase in trade and commerce caused a change in
society
The increase in trade and commerce caused a change in
society
The Rise of the Middle Class
Middle class was called burgesses in England and Burger in Germany.
Middle class was called burgesses in England and Burger in Germany.
Why did the Middle Class gain so much political power in Western Europe?
Why did the Middle Class gain so much political power in Western Europe?
Medieval TownsMedieval Towns
Medieval Towns:
Ranged in population from 5,000 to 80,000
Narrow streets – dark buildings – little sunlight
No sewers – trash in street – animals wander in streets
No street lighting
No police or fire department
Houses often cold and damp in winter – hot and stuffy in summer
Overcrowded and unsanitary towns became an excellent breeding place for disease,
especially……
The Black Death
How did the plague impact the social, economic and religious institutions of Europe.
top related