gr. 12 fitness energy systems mr. mackay. muscular system energy in the human body is derived from...
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MUSCULAR SYSTEMMUSCULAR SYSTEM• Energy in the human body is derived from the
breakdown of macronutrients like: carbohydrates, fats, and proteins.
• The end result of this breakdown is the production of ATP molecules.
• ATP provides energy for body functions.
Carbohydrates
Fats
Proteins
ATP Muscular Work
Digesting Food
Thermoregulation
Breakdown of Energy currency Biochemical processes
ANAEROBIC ALACTIC SYSTEM
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Primary energy source:
Duration of activity:
Sporting events:
Advantages:
Limiting factors:
Stored ATP, CP
7-12 s
Weight lifting, high jump, long jump, 100m run, 25m swim
Produce very large amount of energy in a short amount of time
Initial concentration of high energy phosphates (ATP, PC)
TRAINING• Interval training:
– 20% increase in CP (creatine phosphate) stores.
– No change in ATP stores.– Increase in ATP function (ATP -> ADP+P)– Increase in CP (creatine phosphate) and
allows ATP resynthesis.
• Sprint training: – Increase in CP stores up to 40%.
– 100% increase in resting ATP stores.
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ANAEROBIC LACTIC SYSTEM
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Primary energy source:
Duration of activity:
Sporting events:
Advantages:
Limiting factors:
Stored glycogen, blood glucose
12 s – 3 min
Lactic acid build up, H+ ions build up (decrease of pH)
800m run, 200m swim, downhill ski racing, 1500 speed skating
Ability to produce energy under conditions of inadequate oxygen
Lactic Acid Threshold
• The exercise intensity at which lactic acid begins to accumulate within the blood.
• The point during exercise where the person begins to feel discomfort and burning sensations in their muscles.
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TRAINING
• Rate of lactic acid accumulation is decreased in the trained individual.
• This rate can be decreased by:– Reducing the rate of lactate production.– Increasing the rate of lactate elimination
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AEROBIC SYSTEM
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Primary energy source:
Duration of activity:
Sporting events:
Advantages:
Limiting factors:
Glycogen, glucose, fats, proteins
> 3 min
Lung function, max.blood flow, oxygen availability, excess. energy demands
Walking, jogging, swimming,
walking up stairs
Large output of energy over a long period of time, removal of lactic acid
AEROBIC SYSTEM• The most important energy system in the human
body.
• Blood lactate levels remain relatively low.
• Primary source of energy (70-95%) for exercise lasting longer than 3 minutes provided that:– Working muscles have sufficient mitochondria to
meet energy requirements.– Sufficient oxygen is supplied to the mitochondria.– Enzymes or intermediate products do not limit the
Kreb’s cycle.
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TRAINING
• Endurance training is the most effective method (long duration several times per week):
• Increases vascularization within muscles.
• Increases number and size of mitochondria within the muscle fibres.
• Preferential use of fats over glycogen during exercise.
• Endurance training increases the max aerobic power of a sedentary individual by 15-25% regardless of age.
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