gnet 20601 introduction to content. gnet 20602 introduction

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INTRODUCTION TO CONTENT

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INTRODUCTION

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Introduction

A silly theory results in such silly graphics as:Comparison of solar radiation and stock prices…

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Introduction

Comparison of student grades with desk sizes.

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Introduction

These may be “correlations”, but not “cause and effect.”

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GRAPHICS

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Graphics

Graphics should:Show data…

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Graphics

Make the viewer think about the content…

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Graphics

Avoid distortion…

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Graphics

Present many numbers in a small space.

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Graphics

Make large data sets understandable…

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Graphics

Encourage comparisons…

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Graphics

Serve a clear purpose, and…

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Graphics

Integrate words and statistics.

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PRINCIPLES OF GRAPHIC EXCELLENCE

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Principles

A well designed presentation of interesting data includes:

Substance…

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Principles

Statistics, and…

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Principles

Excellent design.

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Principles

Complex ideas are communicated with:

Clarity…

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Principles

Precision, and…

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Principles

Efficiency.

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Principles

Present many ideas in the shortest time…

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Principles

Let the data tell the truth, and...

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Principles

Show the variation of data, not design.

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Principles

Never quote data out of context.

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Principles

Use labeling that is:ClearDetailed.

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Principles

Use standardized measurements, and…

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Principles

Present quantities that are proportionally correct.

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ATTRACTIVE GRAPHICS

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Attractive Graphics

Have proper format and design…

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Attractive Graphics

Use:WordsNumbersDrawings.

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Attractive Graphics

Reflect:BalanceProportionRelevant scale...

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Attractive Graphics

Display details…

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Attractive Graphics

Tell a story, and…

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Attractive Graphics

Avoid “chartjunk”.

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CORRECT GRAPHICS

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Correct Graphics

Spell out words…

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Correct Graphics

Avoid elaborate:ColoringShadingCross-hatchingLegends.

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Correct Graphics

Read from left to right…

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Correct GraphicsExplain all data…

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Correct GraphicsProvoke curiosity, and…

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Correct GraphicsUse sans serif type for visuals.

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EXAMPLES

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Space Junk

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Space Junk

7,000 items of space junk orbit our world:Dead satellites...Frozen sewage from astronauts...rocket engine explosion fragments.

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Space Junk

34 nuclear reactor fuel cores…Shrapnel from test weapons...Garbage bags.

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Unknown Objects

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Unknown Objects

What is the size of this painting?

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Unknown Objects

Artist Roy Lichtenstein stands on a ladder.

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Inaccuracy

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Inaccuracy

Grids were used in Renaissance paintings to exaggerate perspective (see next slide).

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Inaccuracy

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The Broad Street Pump

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Broad Street

There were 500 fatal attacks of cholera in 10 days in 1854 in England.

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Broad Street

All were within 250 yards of the Broad Street and Cambridge Street intersection.

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Broad Street

John Snow tested the city-provided well water and found no impurities.

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Broad Street

Mr. Snow plotted the deaths on a map: This is the

first recorded time ascatter plot was used.

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Broad Street

Data showed a link to the free water from the Broad Street Pump.

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Broad Street

The handle was removed from the pump…The epidemic ended.

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Labels - NOT Numbers or

Letters

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Labels

Codes are meaningless.

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LabelsLabels clarify.

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Inappropriate Color

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Color

Aggressive color shows the color.

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Color

Light tints show the information, not the color.

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The Challenger Disaster

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Challenger

The Space Shuttle Challengerexploded onJanuary 28, 1986 and 7 astronauts died.

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Challenger

Icicles hung from the Challenger.

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Challenger

Ambient temperatures were in the low 30s…

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Challenger

The O-rings were less than 20oF, and…

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Challenger

The Predicted temperature at launch was 26 to 29 degrees.

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Challenger

The engineers opposed the launch.

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Challenger

Engineers prepared charts like the ones you will now be presented.

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Challenger

The Thiokol managers said the evidence presented by the engineers did not link cold temperature with O-rings.

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Challenger

NASA officials were appalled by the recommendation not to launch.

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Challenger

The Challenger blew up 73 seconds afterthe rocketswere ignited.

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Challenger

The 13 charts the engineers prepared were weak…

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Challenger

One chart left off temperature totally…

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Challenger

One chart had 6 different types of data making it meaningless…

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Challenger

Items such as nozzle blow-by were included which had nothing to do with cold weather…

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Challenger

22 previous flights with their temperature variations were not presented together...

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Challenger

92% of the temperature data was left out, and...

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Challenger

Data was “selectively” chosen.

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Challenger

A simple table would have linked O-rings and cold weather.

Distribute table.

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ChallengerEven a “rocket chart”, next slide, of all 24 previous flights and the 48 rockets would have shown a link between cold temperature and O-ring failure.

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Challenger

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ChallengerA scatterplot even shows the link.

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Challenger

Predicted Launch Temperature

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Challenger

Remember - there are right ways and

wrong ways to display data.

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EXAMPLE APPLICATION TO

INDUSTRY

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Product Instruction

Manual

The Problem

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Problem

Executive Officers want the existing Product Instruction Manual evaluated; there have been complaints.

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Problem

A committee is formed of mid-management executives who determine the criteria to be used.

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Problem

An employee committee is formed to use the criteria to evaluate the existing product instruction manual and…

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Problem

… make recommendations to

… who will report to the

Mid-Management

Executive officers of the company.

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Information

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Information

Many manuals:are written from an engineer’s point of view.are too complex.

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Information

Many manuals:are incomplete – from the user’s point of view.use jargon.

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Information

Many manuals:use narrative to explain an illustration.

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Information

Begin with “Who should read this document.”Describe the product and its purpose.

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Information

Identify each part and its components.Write in small steps.

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Information

Use illustrations to explain the narrative.

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Information

Do not describe what the product can do.Instead explain how to do something with the product.

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Information

Include troubleshooting techniques.Instill confidence in whomever reads the manual.

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Information

No ambiguity – the person reading the manual cannot ask questions.

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Information

IgniteMountApplyCut

ConnectExcavateMeasureInsert

Begin each step with a strong verb:

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The End