glomerulonephritis =)

G l o m e r u l o n e p h r I t I s

HELLOK I D N E Y

ANATOMY OF MR KIDNEY

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Functions of ME (MR.KIDNEY)

• Without me, YOU will UNABLE to: Remove wastes and water from the

blood Balanced chemicals in your body Release hormones Help to control blood pressure Help to produce red blood cells Produce vitamin D, which keeps the

bones strong and healthy

DEFINITION

What is glomerulonephristis?

• Glomerulonephritis is

is a kidney condition

that involves damage

/inflammation to the

glomeruli.

Types of glomerulonephritis

Acute glomerulonephritis - begins suddenly

Chronic glomerulonephritis -develops gradually over several years.

ETIOLOGY

Glomerolonephritis cause by?

Causes of glomerulonephritis include:• Streptococcal infection of the throat ( strep throat) or

skin ( impetigo)• Hereditary diseases• Immune diseases, such as lupus• diabetes• High blood pressure• Vasculitis (inflammation of the blood vessels)• Viruses ( HIV, hepatitis B virus, and hepatitis C virus)• Endocarditis (infection of the valves of the heart)

Streptococcal infection of the throat ( strep throat) or skin ( impetigo)

Lupus

PATHOLOGY

PATHOLOGY

• glomerulonephritis are triggered by immune-

mediated injury.

• The cellular immune response contributes to the

infiltration of glomeruli by circulating mononuclear

inflammatory cells (lymphocytes and macrophages)

and crescent formation in the absence of antibody

deposition.

PATHOLOGY

• The humoral immune response leads to immune

deposit formation and complement activation in

glomeruli.

• Antibodies can be deposited within the glomerulus

when circulating antibodies react with intrinsic or

with extrinsic antigens that have been trapped within

the glomerulus.

PATHOLOGY

• Injury usually occurs as a consequence of the activation and release of a variety of inflammatory mediators.

• Haemodynamic, and toxic stresses can also induce glomerular injury.

• A few glomerular diseases are due to hereditary defects resulting in deformity of the glomerular basement membrane.

Sign and symptoms

Sign and symptoms

• Kidney pain normally happens in the “flank” region, which is just below the bottom of rib cage.

Sign and symptoms

• Cola-colored or diluted, iced-tea-colored urine from red blood cells in your urine (hematuria)

• Foamy urine due to excess protein (proteinuria)

Sign and symptoms

• High blood pressure (hypertension)

• Fluid retention (edema) with swelling evident in your face, hands, feet and abdomen

• Fatigue/SOB from anemia or kidney failure.

• Less frequent urination than usual.

PRECAUTION & TREATMENTS

Precautions

• Precautionsstart slowly and build up graduallyaim to exercise for 30 minutes three

times a week• Advice for patientscarry a small spray bottle filled with

lemon water or mouthwash to spray their mouth when they are feeling dry in order to keep fluid balanced

Precautions

• Do not give an exercise to patient with consideration of these condition:

Changed their dialysis schedule Changed their medicine schedule Overeaten Physical condition has changed; Fever Have joint or bone problems Weather is hot and humid and you Do not give exercises in an indoor, air-conditioned environment.

Precaution

• Discontinue routine earlier if experience any of the following:

shortness of breath fatigue, rapid or irregular heartbeat,chest pain,nausea, leg cramps or dizziness.

Doctor treatment

• Treatment depends on the cause of the disorder, and the type and severity of symptoms.

• High blood pressure may be hard to control. Controlling high blood pressure is usually the most important part of treatment.

• Dialysis and Transplant

Medications• Diuretics to reduce fluid retention• Medications to suppress the immune system

Lifestyle Changes• Restrict salt and water intake.• Restrict intake of potassium, phosphorous, and magnesium.• Cut down on protein in the diet.• Maintain a healthy weight through diet and exercise.• Take calcium supplements.

Doctor treatment

Physiotherapy treatment

• Patient education • Endurance Exercise Walking test walking, swimming, bicycling, aerobic dancingCirculatory exercise

Exercise program during dialysis

BENEFITS OF EXERCISES

Benefit of exercise for Glomerulonephritis

• Increased energy. exercise regularly, over a period of time will develop greater resistance to fatigue and energy will increase.

• Help in dealing with stress. Exercise relieves tension, which enables to relax and feel less tense.

• Improved ability to sleep. As tension in body diminishes and begins to relax, patient will go to sleep much quicker and sleep more soundly.

• Improved overall daily functioning. As fitness improves, the capacity to perform daily tasks at school, home or on the job will increase.

Benefit of exercise for Glomerulonephritis

• Improved appearance. burn extra calories, muscles become firmer, it becomes easier to control weight thus improving overall appearance.

• Improved overall health. As oxygen is transported more efficiently around the body, circulation improves, the heart becomes stronger, blood pressure is lowered, and body is better equipped to fight off diseases.

Benefit of exercise for Glomerulonephritis

• Regular exercise can break this unhealthy circle as well as provide these additional benefits:

Improve strength and mobility Relieve depression Boost blood circulation, a key to good heart health Maintain bone and muscle strength Lower your weight and cholesterol And boost your self-esteem

Physiotherapy treatment

• lymphatic massage To reduce edema

• Breathing exercise -breathing control purse lip breathing and diagram breathing

KIDNEY SAY !!!!

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