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Interbull and International Genetic
Evaluations in Dairy Cattle -
Global trends
Freddy Fikse
Interbull Centre Director
Uppsala, Sweden
Dramatic Internationalization of Dairy Cattle Breeding
Rapid breed changes in 25 years
Friesian ”Holsteinization” via N.A.
Braunvieh Brown Swiss via N.A.
Jersey N.Z., USA, Denmark
Ayrshire Scandinavia
• The Polish FAO-experiment with 10 HF-strains
• Heavy increase in international trade of semen
Few Bulls Heavily Used …
Sire: To-Mar Blackstarempty
#sons: 3800
Sire: Rothrock Tradition Leadman
#sons: 2700
98
100
102
104
106
108
1986 1988 1990 1992 1994 1996 1998 Year
Fertility index
SRB
SLB
Genetic trends in female fertility for SRB and SLB
Outline
� What is Interbull
� International comparisons
� Selection of dairy bulls: global perspective
� Global trendso Genetic progress
o Diversity
� Concluding remarkso components of sustainable breeding programs
Interbull is …
� A non-profit, non-governmental
organization
� Promoting the development and
execution of international
comparisons of cattle
Interbull Activities
� Communication: publications,
meetings, workshops, homepage
� Conduct R&D
� Technology support to members
� International genetic evaluations
International Comparison
Country A
Bull A6
Bull A3
Bull B3
Country B
Bull B6Bull B5Bull B3Bull B1
Country A
Bull A6Bull A3Bull B5Bull B3Bull B6Bull B1
Country B
Bull A6Bull B6Bull B5Bull B3Bull A3Bull B1
MACE
International ranking
Genetic Correlation
Low input grazing herds of New Zealand
Intensely managed herds in North America
0.60
0.100.818Calving interval
0.090.745Non-return rate
0.170.815Interval calving-first ins.
0.070.805Maternal stillbirth
0.110.695Direct stillbirth
0.090.7711Maternal calving ease
0.110.7812Direct calving ease
0.140.7119Longevity
0.070.854Clinical mastitis
0.050.9023Somatic cells
0.050.8424Protein yield
SD of rgMean rgPopsTrait
Mean Genetic Correlations Holstein
“Many countries selecting on Interbull breeding values causes loss of genetic
variation”
Accounting for G×E in Interbull evaluations
enlarges gene pool
33475US
04841697582NL
04641397075809086SW
NZUSNLNZUSNLNZUSNL
LongevitySomatic cellsProtein
Number of bulls in common between the top 100 lists
Holstein
17910010Simmental
19210010Red Dairy Cattle
28210010Jersey
30910024Holstein
1401006Guernsey
1791009Brown Swiss
rg < 1rg = 1
Number of top bullsNumber of
populations
Breed group
Any positive effect of rG<1?
Effects on Genetic GainHolstein, protein yield
0
1
2
3
Selection
differential
National International
Gain in sel. diff.range 0.06 - 1.71median 0.53
Effects on Genetic GainHolstein, somatic cells
0
1
2
3
Selection
differential
National International
Gain in sel. diff.range 0.04 - 1.31median 0.39
Relative emphasis on functional traits in Total Merit Indexes
0
10
20
30
40
50
60
70
DNK GBR FRA DEU CHE USA CAN NLD ITA ESP NZL AUS IRL JPN ISR
(Miglior et al., 2005)
No of Traits in TMI
9NM$United States
6BWNew Zealand
4NTPJapan
9PFTItaly
6PLIGreat Britain
11ISUFrance
9ICOSpain
13RZGGermany
9APRAustralia
TMI for Foreign Bulls
97NM$United States
100BWNew Zealand
100NTPJapan
95PFTItaly
100PLIGreat Britain
96ISUFrance
97ICOSpain
95RZGGermany
93APRAustralia
Covered by Interbull
service portfolio
TMICountry name
Interbull Evaluations -Traits
� Production
� Conformation
� Udder health
� Longevity
� Calving traits
� Female fertility
Size of Operation
107 710JER
6900GUE
97 418BSW
1011 671RDC
1020 638SIM
2599 084HOL
No. populationsNo. bullsBreed
Production traits May 2007
Mean BVs for HOLSTEIN bulls per birth year
75
80
85
90
95
100
105
110
115
1985 1990 1995 2000
Year
DFS
/SW
E S
cale
Protein
SCC
CalvDir
Mastitis
Global Trends in Mastitis Traits and Calving Ease
Mean BVs by birth year for RDC bulls
75
80
85
90
95
100
105
110
115
1985 1990 1995 2000
Year
DFS
/SW
E S
cale
PR
SCC
CalvDir
Mastitis
Global Trends in Mastitis Traits and Calving Ease
Mean BVs of HOLSTEIN bulls per birth year
75
80
85
90
95
100
105
110
115
1985 1990 1995 2000
Year
DFS
/SW
E S
cale
Protein
Longev
CFI
DaysOp
Global Trends in Fertility and Longevity
Mean BVs of RDC bulls by birth years
75
80
85
90
95
100
105
110
115
1985 1990 1995 2000
Year
DFS
/SW
E S
cale
Prot
Longev
CFI
Days op
Global Trends in Fertility and Longevity
Percentage bulls after 5 bull sires
0
20
40
60
80
100
1980
1981
1982
1983
1984
1985
1986
1987
1988
1989
1990
1991
1992
1993
1994
1995
Birth year
Pe
rce
nta
ge
BSW JER GUE HOL
Number of sons per bull sire
0
10
20
30
40
50
60
1980 1981 1982 1983 1984 1985 1986 1987 1988 1989 1990 1991 1992 1993 1994 1995
Birth year of bull sire
Nu
mb
er
of
so
ns
BSW JER GUE HOL
Tools to manage inbreeding exist
� Selection for TMI
� Optimum contribution selection
o Considers relatedness to the population
in addition to genetic merit
Sustainable Breeding
� Continuous genetic improvement
� Marketable products
� Broad breeding objectives
� Control of inbreeding
�Positive examples:
o Guernsey, Nordic Red
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