giovanetti federico - medium & heavy trucks product management - iveco
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LNG application in medium-long
transportation
Federico GiovanettiM&HT Product Management
CNG/LNG VEHICLES Product Manager
Contains confidential proprietary and trade secrets information of CNH Industrial. Any use of this work without express written consent is strictly prohibited.
21-01-2014, Roma
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Contents
Main drivers for CNG/LNG
Potential market
LNG technology in EMEA
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Main drivers for CNG/LNG
3 are the main reasons of the fast-growing global interest in adopting methane-based
gas in commercial transport as sustainable alternative to crude oil-based fuels:
ENERGY SECURITY: independency from crude oil producers Countries
ENVIRONMENTAL IMPACT: reduce pollutants emission and noise
TOTAL COST OF OWNERSHIP : reduce cost per km
In the last years, the focus has moved from ENVIRONMENTAL IMPACT to TOTAL
COST OF OWNERSHIP
REFUSE
COLLECTION
DISTRIBUTION and
FOOD AND
BEVERAGE
MEDIUM-LONG
HAUL
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Main drivers for CNG/LNG
ENVIRONMENTAL IMPACT
LIMITSWHTC - g/kWh
NOX CO HCNM Particolato CH4
Euro VI 0,4 4 0,16 0,01 0,5
Cursor 8 CNG/LNG Euro VI 0,2 2,44 0,08 0,002 0,18
According to experimental activities the CO2 reduction is from 2 to 8% according to
mission
26
Mic distance: 7m
Mic height: 1,5m
3
4
5
1
POLLUTANTS
NOISE dB(A)
Avg
71 dB(A)
Avg
66 dB(A)
64
66
68
70
72
74
DIESEL CNG
1 2 3 4 5 6
MODEL (DIESEL/CNG): IVECO 240E25 6x2
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Main drivers for CNG/LNG
TOTAL COST OF OWNERSHIP – MEDIUM-LONG HAUL
TCOAT440S36T/P
DIESEL Euro VI
AT440S33T/P
LNG Euro VI
DEPRECIATION
New vehicle cost € 67.000 € 92.200
Cost of capital -€ 7.000 -€ 11.000
Residual value -€ 13.000 -€ 2.500
Net vehicle cost € 61.000 € 100.700
M&R IVECO € 14.500 € 28.200
FUEL
Fuel consumption € 205.400 € 127.500
Urea consumption € 4.000 € 0
Lubricant cons. € 800 € 800
TIRES € 6.000 € 6.000
TOLLS € 63.000 € 63.000
TAXES AND
INSURANCE
Taxes € 2.200 € 2.200
Insurance € 25.000 € 25.000
DRIVER SALARY € 175.000 € 175.000
TOTAL € 556.900 € 528.400
DIFFERENCE -€ 28.500
Simulation based on (the data shown has to be considered CONFIDENTIAL and not binding for IVECO):
Market: Italy Mission: regional Mileage: 100,000km / year Period: 5 years
Interest rate: 5% Diesel: 1,3€ / liter (w/o VAT) LNG: 0,85 € / kg (w/o VAT) Urea: 0,3€ /l Oil: 5€ / liter
Diesel consumption: 31,6 liter
/ 100km
LNG consumption: 30kg /
100km
Tires life: 200,000km Toll: 0,18 €/km Mission: 70% motorway
€ 175.000 € 175.000
€ 27.200 € 27.200
€ 63.000 € 63.000
€ 6.000 € 6.000
€ 210.200
€ 128.300
€ 14.500
€ 28.200
€ 61.000
€ 100.700
AT440S36T/P AT440S33T/P - LNG
DEPRECIATION
M&R
FUEL
TIRES
TOLLS
TAXES AND INSURANCE
DRIVER SALARY
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Main drivers for CNG/LNG
6
TOTAL COST OF OWNERSHIP
The economic sustainability for natural gas in the medium-long haul business relays
dramatically in the difference of cost between diesel (€ / liter) and CNG (€/kg)
In a medium-long haul mission (100.000km / year, 5 years) a difference in cost of
0,26€ between diesel diesel (€ / liter) and CNG (€/kg) make the 2 technology
equivalent for the fleet owner
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Contents
Main drivers for CNG/LNG
Potential market
LNG technology in EMEA
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Potential Market
8
Frost & Sullivan
Source: Strategic Analysis of the Medium- to Heavy-duty Natural Gas Commercial Vehicle Market in Europe – 02/2013
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Potential Market
9
BIPE
Source: Heavy Vehicle Powertrain Prospective 2030– 112013
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Potential Market
10
IVECO in Europe
The more conservative figure below reflects the IVECO truck sales forecast n the 5 major
Markets + Benelux. With a Heavy Truck Market of 250.000 units in 2016-2017, the CNG+LNG
Market is expected between 2 and 5%, with a market share of IVECO around 25-33%.
While the natural gas application in distribution and refuse collection missions is expected
steady, the adoption of LNG in medium-long haul missions is expected to boom thanks to
- homologation and registration for LNG trucks by middle 2014 (amended UNECE R110)
- increasing confidence of fleet managers in CNG/LNG technology
- development of the infrastructure
- cost reductions through economies of scale
- OEM development of natural gas engines dedicated to medium-long haul applications
0
200
400
600
800
1000
1200
1400
2007 2008 2009 2010 2011 2012 2013 2014 2015 2016 2017
RCV
Distribution
Regional
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Potential Market
11
Modello di valutazione del mercato potenziale e dei relativi impatti – IVECO CSST
dOA
dAD
Origine dello spostamento
Destinazione dello
spostamento
dOA + dAD < Dautonomia (km)
dOA
dAD
Origine dello spostamento
dOA + dAD + dDO < Dautonomia (km)
Destinazione dello
spostamento
dDO
Area 1 di rifornimento LNG
Area 2 di rifornimento LNG
Area di rifornimento LNG
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Potential Market
12
Modello di valutazione del mercato potenziale e dei relativi impatti – IVECO CSST
Trento
PortogruaroCervignano
Busto Arsizio
Novara
Mortara
TorinoRivalta Scrivia
Bre
scia
Verona Padova
Mantova
RovigoPiacenza
Parma
Bologna
Vado
Livorno
Prato
Jesi
Orte
Pescara
Bari
Pomezia
Marcianise
Nola
Catania
Sav
on
a
Gen
ov
a
La S
pezia
Carr
ara
Livorno
Piombino
Civitavecchia
Fiumicino
Gaeta
Napoli
Salerno
Gioia Tauro
Reggio CalabriaTrapani
Messin
aM
ilazzo
Term
ini I.
Pale
rmo
Gela
Augusta
Siracusa
Taranto
Brindisi
Bari
Ancona
Ravenna
ChioggiaVenezia
Trieste
Monfalcone
Ipotesi:
I punti di rifornimento LNG siano
localizzati presso i principali Porti e
Interporti della Rete TEN-T
Raggio medio area di adduzione d OA =
20 km / 50 km
Autonomia del veicolo LNG D
autonomia = 600 km
Coppie Origini/Destinazioni “DIRETTE” /
Coppie Origini/Destinazioni “A/R”
Fonte: List of nodes of the Core and Comprehensive Network
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Potential Market
13
Modello di valutazione del mercato potenziale e dei relativi impatti – IVECO CSST
O/DTOTALI
O/DATTRATTE
O/DDIRETTE
O/D
A/R
Spostamenti
Scenario Attuale
311.346 - - -
Spostamenti
Scenario dOA < 20 km
- 66.524 17.280 49.244
Spostamenti
Scenario dOA < 50 km
- 190.519 144.333 46.186
Veicoli * km
Scenario dOA < 20 km
- 10.019.130
(+ 12,98%)
- -
Veicoli * km
Scenario dOA < 50 km
- 30.880.547
(+38,90%)
- -
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Potential Market
14
Modello di valutazione del mercato potenziale e dei relativi impatti – IVECO CSST
Principali spostamenti O/D potenzialmente interessati all’alimentazione LNG
(segmento in «area di adduzione» <20 Km)
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Potential Market
15
Modello di valutazione del mercato potenziale e dei relativi impatti – IVECO CSST
Principali spostamenti O/D potenzialmente interessati all’alimentazione LNG
(segmento in «area di adduzione» <50 Km)
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Contents
Main drivers for CNG/LNG
Potential market
LNG technology in Europe
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LNG technology in Europe
17
How it works
CNG SYSTEM
(200 bar)
CRYOGENIC LNG TANK
(-120º C, 9 bar) AND
EVAPORATOR
3-WAY
CATALYST
ENGINE
CURSOR 8
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LNG technology in Europe
18
Why LNG for medium-long haul
TOTAL CNG CAPACITY (liters) CRUISE RANGE (km) (*)
500 219600 262
700 306800 350
900 3931000 437
1100 4811200 525
1300 5681400 6121500 656
500 liters LNG tank + 280 liters CNG 762500 liters LNG tank + 320 liters CNG 780
(*) calculated with T=25°C, fuel consumption 30kg/100km, 1 liter CNG = 0,13kg CNG
While on rigids CNG tank combinations up to 1.200 liters are
technically possible (tanks on the chassis side, above the frame
upper edge, behind the cab), on standard 4x2 tractors LNG is
necessary to achieve the requested mileage
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LNG technology in Europe
19
Main technologies
19
SPARK IGNITED
MONO-FUEL METHANE
DUAL FUEL
DIESEL-METHANE
(PORT INJECTED)
HPDI - DUAL FUEL
DIESEL-METHANE
(DIRECT INJECTED)
BENEFITS
Cost-effective method to use natural gas
Compatible with CNG and LNG Low complexity cost (on top very
simple passive exhaust after-treatment, 3-way catalyst)
Reduced noise (- 5dB)
Engine can operate under Diesel or Diesel-gas mode (flexibility)
Compatible with CNG and LNG Retrofit Opportunities for existing
Diesel engine (no certification for duration with CNG use)
Full Diesel torque, cycle efficiency and compression braking
High Diesel substitution rate (up to 90-95%)
Same heat rejection as Diesel
DRAWBACKS
Reduced compression braking Increased exhaust temperature Mono-fuel system, without limp-
home recovery mode
Engine not optimized for natural gas operation (compromise at low and high operating loads)
High sensitivity to fuel quality due to knock limitations (low methane number)
Lower advantages in TCO due to higher complexity costs and higher fuel costs due to substitution rate (CNG/LNG max 60-70%)
Requires full Diesel emissions after-treatment (DOC+DPF+SCR) with urea injection for NOxcontrols
Methane emissions control is a challenge for Euro VI emissions compliance
Very high system cost (requires specific injectors and high pressure cryogenic pump for LNG fuel)
Engine can operate only with LNG Requires full Diesel emissions
after-treatment (DOC+DPF+SCR) with urea injection for NOxcontrols
Limited field experiences for engine reliability
Engine can’t operate under Diesel mode for limp-home
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LNG technology in Europe
SAFETY
IF YOU ARE POURING WATER IN THE LNG: LNG does not dissolve in water and in contact with it, it
evaporates without mixing and without leaving any residue.
LNG IS NOT THE TOXIC: If you spill of LNG in a glass of water, once the water has evaporated gas can be
safely drunk . It can not pollute the sea or groundwater.
IN THE EVENT OF A SPILL OF LNG: the LNG is stored at atmospheric pressure in the system: even in the
unlikely event of spills disperse in the air evaporates without leaving a trace. If LNG is spilled on the ground
evaporates and leaves no residue to clean.
LNG CAN CATCH FIRE? The LNG is not flammable if not in very special conditions that can not occur
inside the regasification or LNG carriers (should be in a closed environment and saturated, mix with an oxygen
percentage of between 10% and 15% and simultaneously be in contact with a source of ignition of the flame)
LNG MAY EXPLODE ? Also coming in contact with fire, LNG does not explode and does not create flare-
ups, but it creates a lazy flame that evaporates without creating a shock wave. To confirm this, it is known that in
1984, during the war between Iran and Iraq, a ship carrying gas at low temperatures, the Gaz Fountain, was hit by
three missiles and caught fire. The crew managed to extinguish the fire and then to recover 93% of the gas load
without further incident.
Thanks to this characteristic of LNG a study by the U.S. Coast Guard is satisfied that: “LNG is one of the less
dangerous substances among the many normally carried by sea and discharged in coastal deposits such as chemical /
petrochemical / fuels. During over 33,000 trips in the world of gas tankers in the last 20 years there have been no major
accidents”
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LNG technology in Europe
SAFETY
LNG tank is tested also for
Drop Test
http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=ibgAHfkKF4E
Bonfire Test Chart LNG tank
http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=NK3z0GSXZBA
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