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Briathrachas Cànanach
Liosta Bhriathrachais Beurla gu Gàidhlig
agus
Clàr-amais Gàidhlig gu Beurla
le Roy WentworthDraft
Am Faoilleach 2003
"Copyleft" statementThis document is a draft of work in progress. It is not in the "public domain". However, I am happy for people to make use of it for non-profit purposes, and to pass copies free of charge to other people provided that it remains unaltered and that this notice remains attached. It may not be distributed in any amended format or included in any for-profit product or website without my written permission. For further details see:
http://www.smo.uhi.ac.uk/gaidhlig/wentworth/cead/
Roy Wentworth
"Copyleft" statement'S e dreachd a tha san sgrìobhainn seo de dh'obair a tha a' dol air adhart. Chan eil i anns an "raon phoblach". Tha mi toilichte daoine a bhith a' dèanamh feum dhith ann an dòighean nach eil a chum prothaid, agus a bhith a' cur lethbhreac saor 's an asgaidh gu daoine eile, cho fad agus nach tèid atharrachadh a dhèanamh oirre, agus gum fuirich an sanas seo an ceangal rithe. Chan fhaod i a bhith air a sgaoileadh ann an riochd eadar-dhealaichte sam bith no air a cur a-steach ann an bathar no làrach-lìn sam bith a tha a chum prothaid gun chead sgrìobhte bhuamsa. Airson tuilleadh fios faic:
http://www.smo.uhi.ac.uk/gaidhlig/wentworth/cead/
Roy Wentworth
Gàidhlig Albannach Gàidhlig Èireannach
Aabbreviate v tr giorraich, vn -achadh m giorraímabbreviation n giorrachadh m, gen -aidh, pl -aidhean. ~s and sources, giorrachaidhean
agus bunangiorrú m, nod m
abduction (phil) abductadh m, gen -aidh (phil) abduchtú mabductive a abductach. ~ change, atharrachadh abductachabessive 1 a aibeiseach, gen -ich. ~ case, tuiseal aibeiseach
2 n aibeiseach m, gen & pl -ichAbkhaz pr n (lang) Abchas mablative (ABL) 1 a ablatach. ~ case, tuiseal ablatach
2 n ablatach m, gen -aich. ~ absolute, ablatach absalaideachochslaíochochslaíoch m. The ~ absolute, an t-ochslaíoch leithliseach
ablaut n ablabht m. An example of ~ or vowel gradation, eisimpleir de dh’ablabht no de cheumadh fhuaimreag
ablabht m, ablaut m
abnormality n mì-nòrmalachd f, pl —an. Abnormalities of grammatical usage, mì-nòrmalachd ann an co-chleachdadh gràmadach
mínormáltacht f
abrupt a grad-bhriste. ~ consonant, consan grad-bhriste giorraiscabsolute (ling) a 1 absalaideach. ~ use of the verb, cleachdadh absalaideach air a’
ghnìomhair. Ablative ~, ablatach absalaideach. ~ case, tuiseal absalaideach. ~ comparative, coimeas absalaideach. ~ construction, gleus-cainnte absalaideach. ~ possessive, seilbheach absalaideach. ~ value, luach absalaideach
2 iomlan. ~ neutralisation, neodrachadh iomlan. ~ universal, uile-choitcheann iomlan
absalóideach, leithliseach, iomlan, neamhnasctha. ~ value, luach absalóideach, dearbhluach
absolutive (ABS) 1 n absalaideach m, gen & pl -ich2 a absalaideach. ~ case, tuiseal absalaideach
absorption n sùghadh m gen -aidh. Tonal ~, sùghadh tònail sú m; maolú mabstract a eascruthach. ~ noun, ainmear eascruthach teibíabstractness n eascruthachd faccent n 1 (pros, gram) aiceann m, gen -inn, pl —an. The ~ is on the last syllable, tha an
t-aiceann air an lide mu dheireadh. Stress ~, aiceann beuma. Pitch ~, aiceann tòn-àirde2 sràc f, gen -àice, pl —an. Acute ~, sràc gheur. Grave ~, sràc throm3 (variety of speech) blas m, gen -ais. ~s will be a term used in considering diversity
in spoken Gaelic, ’s e briathar a tha ann am blas a bhithear a’ cleachdadh ann am beachdachadh air iomadalachd sheòrsachan cainnt-bheòil Ghàidhlig. Pupils will encounter a range of dialects and ~s, bidh a’ chlann a’ coinneachadh ri caochladh sheòrsachan dualchainnt agus blais. She has a Lewis ~, tha blas Leòdhais (air a’ Ghàidhlig) aice. He has an English (from England) ~, tha blas Sasannach aige, tha blas Sasannach air a’ Bheurla aige. He has an English (of English) ~ (to his Gaelic), tha blas Beurla aige, tha bristeadh Beurla air. She has a foreign ~, tha blas cànain eile air a’ Ghàidhlig, air a’ Bheurla, aice
(prosody) béim ghutha, aiceann m.Grammatical ~, aiceann gramadaíAcute ~, agúid f, Grave ~, graif f(speech) blas m
accent, accentuate, v tr cuir aiceann air (facal, lide), vn cur aicinn airaccented a le aiceann. ~ syllable, lide le aiceann
cuirim béim, meáchan, aiceann, ar (fhocal, shiolla)
accentuation n aiceannachadh m, gen -aidh aiceannú macceptable a (ling) ion-ghabhail inghlacthaacceptation n ciall f aithnichte. Positive ~ and negative connotation, ciall aithnichte
dheimhinneach agus co-chiallachadh àicheilciall f (aitheanta) focail
accessibility (ling) so-ruigsinneachd f. ~ scale, sgèile sho-ruigsinneachd insroichteacht faccidence n (gram = inflectional morphology) deilbheachd f deilbhíochtaccusative (ACC) 1 a cuspaireach. The ~ case, an tuiseal cuspaireach. ~ and infinitive
construction, gleus-cainnte cuspaireach is neo-fhinideach. ~ language, cànan cuspaireach
2 n cuspaireach m, gen & pl -ich
cuspóireach (m), áinsíoch
Achinese pr n (lang) Aichinis facoustic, acoustical a fuaim-eòlach. ~ phonetics, fogharachd fhuaim-eòlach
acoustically adv gu fuaim-eòlach. The room is ~ unsuitable, tha an rùm mì-fhreagarrach a thaobh an fhuaim-eòlais
fuaimeolaíochta
acoustics n fuaim-eòlas m, gen -ais(familiar) The ~ of the hall are good, tha èisteachd an talla math
fuaimeolaíocht f
acquired a (of speech disorder) air fhaighinnacquisition n (of languages) togail f. Gaining a command of Gaelic is a process
involving the gradual ~ and expansion of knowledge, skills and understanding, gus a’ Ghàidhlig ionnsachadh feumar eòlas, sgilean agus tuigse a thogail agus a leudachadh mean air mhean. An apprenticeship for the ~ of a third language, oileanachadh airson an treas cànain a thogail. Not least for the ~ of yet more languages, agus gu h-àraidh gus an tuilleadh ’s am barrachd chànan a thogail
• ionnsachadh m, gen -aidh. A natural way of contributing to the ~ of Gaelic, dòigh
To acquire a language, teanga a fhoghlaim
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Gàidhlig Albannach Gàidhlig Èireannach
nàdarrach air a bhith a’ cur ri ionnsachadh na Gàidhlig• buannachadh m, gen buannachaidh
acquisition planning n phr dealbhachadh m buannachaidh, gen dealbhachaidh bhuannachaidh
acrolect n acrachainnt facronym n acranaim m, pl —ean
• geàrr-ainm m, pl —eanacrainm
acrostatic a tùs-sheasmhach tús-seasmhachact n gnìomh m, pl -an, -aran. A speech ~, gnìomh cainnte gníomhaction noun n phr ainmear m gnìomha, gen ainmeir ghnìomha, pl ainmearan gnìomhaactive a (gram) 1 (ACT) spreigeach. ~ voice, guth spreigeach
2 (ling) gnìomhach. ~ vocabulary, briathrachas gnìomhach. ~ articulator, altaiche gnìomhach
gníomhach. ~ voice, faí ghníomhach
active language n phr cànan m gnìomhach, gen cànain ghnìomhaich, pl cànain ghnìomhach
actor n gnìomhaiche m, pl —an. ~ and goal, gnìomhaiche agus bàiractuation n gnìomhachadh m, gen -aidh. ~ problem, ceist a’ ghnìomhachaidhacute a 1 (referring to diacritic (´)) geur. ~ accent, sràc m geur, gen sràic ghèir, pl sràcan
geura2 (referring to distinctive feature) geur
~ accent, agúid f
adapt v tr freagarraich, vn freagarrachadhadaptation n freagarrachadh m, gen -aidh oiriúnú madditive bilingualism n phr dà-chànanas m cuir-ris, gen dà-chànanais chuir-risaddressee n neach-amais m, pl luchd-amais seolaí maddressing system n phr siostam m seòlaidh, gen siostaim sheòlaidh, pl siostaman
seòlaidhadduce v tr thoir, vn toirt f, also thoir air aghaidh, vn toirt air aghaidh. The examples ~d
as evidence above, na h-eisimpleirean a chaidh a thoirt mar fhianais shuas. It was adduced as proof, chaidh a thoirt mar dhearbhadh
adessive (ADESS) 1 a aideiseach, gen -ich. ~ case, tuiseal aideiseach2 n aideiseach m, gen & pl -ich
adjacency n comhgharachd f. ~ principle, prionnsabal na comhgharachd cóngaracht fadjacency pair n phr paidhir m an comhgharachd, pl paidhirichean an comhgharachdadjacent a comhgharachadjectival 1 a buadhaireach. ~ phrase, abairt bhuadhaireach. ~ suffix, iar-leasachan
buadhaireach2 n buadhaireach m, gen & pl -ich. Supplementive ~, buadhaireach for-lìontachadjectivally adv gu buadhaireach, a thaobh bhuadhairean
aidiachtach, aidiachtúil
adjective n buadhair m, pl —ean. Compared ~, buadhair coimeasta. Demonstrative ~, buadhair comharrach. Numerical ~, buadhair àireamhach. Possessive ~, buadhair seilbheach. Predicative ~, buadhair aisneiseach
aidiacht f. Demonstrative ~, aidiacht thaispeántach. Possessive ~, aidiacht shealbhach
adjunct n (gram) frith-cheangal m, gen & pl -ail (gram) aguisín madjunction n frith-cheangal m, gen -ailadjunctive a (gram) frith-cheanglachadnominal 1 a co-ainmearach
2 n co-ainmear m, gen -eir, pl —anadposition n co-fhacal m, gen & pl -ailadsentential 1 a co-sheantansach
2 n co-sheantansach m, gen & pl-aichadstratum n adstratam m, gen -aimadvanced a for-ghluaiste. A~ Tongue Root, Bun Teangaidh For-ghluaisteadventitious a tuiteamach. This is only an ~ phenomenon, ’s ann a thoradh air tuiteamas
a-mhàin a thachras seotaismeach, teagmhasach
adverb n co-ghnìomhair m, pl —ean. ‘Whence’ ~, co-ghnìomhair ‘às’. ‘Where’ ~, co-ghnìomhair ‘ann’. ‘Whither’ ~, co-ghnìomhair ‘thuige’.
dobhriathar m. ‘Whence’ ~, dobhriathar ‘às’. ‘Where’ ~, dobhriathar ‘ann’. ‘Whither’ ~, dobhriathar ‘chuige’.
adverbial 1 a co-ghnìomhaireil. ~ phrase, abairt cho-ghnìomhaireil. ~ particle, mion-fhacal co-ghnìomhaireil
2 n co-ghnìomhaireil f, pl —eanadverbially adv gu co-ghnìomhaireil
dobhriathartha
adversative a co-aghaidheach. ~ conjunction, naisgear co-aghaidheach codarsnachaerometry n èadhar-thomhas m, gen -aisaesthetic n aisteiteach aestéitiúilaesthetics n aisteitig f aestéitic faffected object n oibseig f bhuailte. Affected and effected objects, oibseigean buailte is
èifeachda
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Gàidhlig Albannach Gàidhlig Èireannach
affirmative a (gram) aontach. The ~ form, an riochd aontach dearfachaffix n (gram) co-leasachan m, gen & pl -ain. Derivational and inflectional ~es, co-
leasachain bhunachail agus in-fhillteachfoirceann m, deireadh m
affixal a co-leasachanach. ~ negative, àicheach co-leasachanachaffixation n co-leasachanachadh m, gen -aidh
• cur m co-leasachain ri (facal)affixed a co-leasaichteaffricate 1 n (ling) aifricead m, gen -eid, pl —an
2 a aifriceadachn aifricéad ma aifricéadach
African languages n phr cànain m pl AfraganachAfrikaans pr n (language) Afragànais fAfro-Asiatic a Afra-Àisianach. A~ languages, cànain Afra-Àisianachagent n (ling) obraiche m, pl —an. ~ and patient, obraiche agus fulangach
agent noun n phr ainmear m obraiche, gen ainmeir obraiche, pl ainmearan obraicheoibrí m, gníomhaí
agentive a. ~ role, roile obraicheagentless passive n phr fulangach m gun obraicheagglutinating a (ling) co-ghlaodhach. ~ language, cànan co-ghlaodhachagglutination n (ling) co-ghlaodhadh m, gen -aidhagreement n (gram) co-aontas m, gen -ais géilleadh maicill n aicill f, gen —eair n èadhar m, gen -air. Puff of ~, puth èadhairair-stream n sruth-èadhair m, pl sruthan-èadhair. ~ initiation, tionnsgnadh sruth-èadhairair-stream mechanism n phr uidheam m sruth-èadhairAkkadian pr n (lang) Acàidis faktionsart n aktionsart m
• gnè f aogasailAlbanian pr n (lang) Albàinis fAlexandrine 1 n Alastraineach m, gen & pl -ich
2 a AlastraineachAlaistríneach (m)
Algonquian pr n (lang) Algoincis falgorithm n algairim m, pl —eanalienable possession n phr sealbhachadh m so-dhealaichteallative (ALL) 1 a alatach
2 n alatach m, gen -aichallegorical a samhl-aithriseach fáithchiallachallegory n samhl-aithris f, pl —ean fáithscéal m, fáithchiall fallegro form n phr riochd m allegro, pl riochdan allegroalliteration n uaim f, gen uama uaim falliterative a uamach uamachallomorph n alamorf m, pl —anallomorphy n alamorfachd fallophone n alafon m, pl —an. Extrinsic ~, alafon eistreach. Intrinsic ~, alafon intreachallophonic a alafonach. ~ variation, caochlaideachd alafonachalphabet n aibidil f, pl —ean
International Phonetic Alphabet (IPA), Aibidil Fhogharach Eadar-Nàiseanta (AFE)aibítir f
alphabetical a 1 aibidileach2 na h-aibidil. In ~ order, ann an òrdugh na h-aibidil
In ~ order, do réir na haibítre
alternant n iomlaideach m, gen & pl -ichalternation n iomlaid f. Automatic ~, iomlaid fhèin-ghluasadach. Recurrent ~, iomlaid
ath-thachartachalveolar a ailbhealach. ~ ridge, druimean ailbhealach
alveolo-palatal a ailbheal-phalatachailbheolach
ambiguity n dà-sheaghachas m, gen -ais. Lexical ~, dà-sheaghachas leicseachail. Grammatical, syntactical, ~, dà-sheaghachas gràmadach, co-chàrail. If one were seeking a concise way to represent a type of metre definitely, without ~, one would have to name the kind of feet occurring in the lines as well as give the formula for the syllables, nam bite a’ lorg dòigh ghoirid gus gnè mheadrachd a riochdachadh gu cinnteach, gun dà-sheaghachas, dh’fheumte an seòrsa throìghean a bha air na sreathan ainmeachadh cho math ri foirmle nan lidean a thoirt
athbhrí f
ambiguous a dà-sheaghach athbhríochambilingual 1 a aimbe-chànanach
2 n aimbe-chànanach m, gen & pl -aichambisyllabic a aimbe-lideachameliorative a co-fheabhasach. ~ change, atharrachadh co-fheabhasachAmerindian a AmeirinnseanachAmharic pr n (lang) Amaraig mamphikinetic a iom-ghluasadach imghluaisteach
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Gàidhlig Albannach Gàidhlig Èireannach
amplitude n meudachd f. Sound ~, meudachd fuaim luascleithead manacoluthon n ao-ceangal m
• anacolut méigeangal m
anacrusis n anacruis f, gen —e, pl —eananalogical a analaigeach. ~ change, atharrachadh analaigeach analachúilanalogy n analaigidh m, pl —ean. By ~ with other verbs, tro analaigidh ri gnìomhairean
eileanalach f
analyse v tr anailisich, vn -eachadh m• dèan anailis f air, vn dèanamh anailis air
anailísím
analysis n (gram) anailis f anailís f, taifeach manalytic a (ling) anailiseach. An ~ form, riochd anailiseach. ~ languages, cànain
anailiseach. ~ verb, gnìomhair anailiseachscartha. ~ form, form scartha
anapaest n anaipeist f, pl —ean anaipéist fanaphor n anafor m, pl —an iarthagraí manaphora n anafora m, anaforachd f. Bound ~, anafora ceangailte iarthagra manaphoric a anaforach. ~ pronoun, riochdair anaforach iarthagrachanaptyxis n (= svarabhakti n) anaiptig m (= svarabhakti m)anastrophe n anastroif mAnatolian pr n (lang) Anatòilis fancestor language n phr cànan m sinnsireilangled brackets n phr camagan f pl biorachanglicise v tr cuir an riochd Beurla
anglicised a. The name has been ~, tha riochd Beurla air a chur air an ainmanglicisation n. An ~ of the Gaelic name, riochd Beurla air an ainm GhàidhligAnglo-Frisian pr n (lang) Angla-Fhreaslainnis fanglophone a expressed with luchd na Beurla. The dominance and attractions of ~
culture, uachdranachd agus tarraingeachd dualchas luchd na Beurlaanimacy n beodhas m, gen -ais. Degree of ~, ìre beodhais. ~ hierarchy, rangachd
bheodhaisanimate a beodha. ~ noun, ainmear beodha beo; beogaanomalous a aimhriaghailteach. ~ behaviour, gnìomhadh aimhriaghailteach aimhrialtaanomaly a aimhriaghailteachd f, pl —an aimhrialtacht fantecedent 1 n (gram) ro-theachdaire m, pl —ean
2 a ro-theachdaireil. ~ phrase, abairt ro-theachdaireilréamhtheachtaí. (Of proleptic pronoun) iartheachtaí m
antepenultimate a ro-leth-dheireannach. The ~ syllable, an lide ro-leth-dheireannach. In the fourth phrase of each strophe the second stress is on the ~ syllable, anns a’ cheathramh abairt de gach stròf tha an dara beum air an lide ro-leth-dheireannach
réamhleathdhéanach
anterior a ro-shuidhichte. ~ consonant, consan ro-shuidhichte réamhtheachtachanthropological a antrap-eòlach. ~ linguistics, cànanachas antrap-eòlach antraipeolaíochanthropologist n antrap-eòlaiche m, pl —ananthropology n antrap-eòlas, gen -ais. Social ~, antrap-eòlas sòisealta antraipeolaíocht fanthroponym n antrapanaim m, pl —eananticipatory n ro-ghlaicte. ~ assimilation, co-choslachadh ro-ghlaicte. ~ coarticulation,
co-altachadh ro-ghlaicte. ~ subject, suibseig ro-ghlaicte. ~ internal rhyme, comhardadh-meadhain ro-ghlaicte
antinomy n antanomaidh f, pl —ean frithdhleathacht fantipassive (ANTIPASS) 1 a an-fhulangach. ~ verb, gnìomhair an-fhulangach
2 n an-fhulangach m, ge an-fhulangaichantithesis n (a) ainteis f. Thesis, ~ and synthesis, tèis, ainteis agus sinteis
(b) anchoimeas m, gen -eisfritéis f
antonym n antanaim m, pl —ean. ~ and synonym, antanaim agus sionanaim frithchiallach mantonymy n antanaimidh faorist 1 a ao-riochda. ~ aspect, aogas ao-riochda
2 n ao-riochd m, pl —anéigríochta (m)
aperiodic a neo-phèireadachaperture n fosgladh m, gen -aidh oscailt faphaeresis n aifeiris faphasia n afàise m afáise faphesis n aifeise faphetic a aifeiseach. ~ form, riochd aifeiseachaphorism n aforas m gen & pl -ais nathán m, seanrá mapical a (ling) apaiceach. ~ consonant, consan apaiceach
apico-alveolar a apaice-ailbhealach. ~ stop, consan dùinte apaice-ailbhealachapocope n eàrr-ghiorrachadh m, gen -aidh
• apacoip fcoimriú m deiridh, teascadh m deiridh
apodosis n apadois f iarbheart mapo koinou a. ~ ~ construction, gleus-cainnte apo koinou
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Gàidhlig Albannach Gàidhlig Èireannach
aporia n apaire faposiopesis n apaisipeis fapostrophe n 1 (figure of speech) apastroif m
2 (punctuation) asgair m, pl —ean(a) (Figure of speech) apastróf f ; aitheasc m. (b) (Punctuation) uaschama m
appellative n ainmear m gnàthach, gen ainmeir ghnàthaich, pl ainmearan gnàthachappendix n 1 eàrr-ràdh m, gen -àidh, pl —an
2 aipeandaig m. Core syllable and ~, cridhe-lide agus aipeandaigaguisín m
applicative 1 a in-ghnìomhach. ~ inflection, infhilleadh in-ghnìomhachapplied linguistics n phr cànanachas m gnìomhaichte, gen cànanachais ghnìomhaichteapposition n co-shuidheachadh m, gen -aidh. Words in ~, facail ann an co-shuidheachadh comhaisnéis fappositional a co-shuidheachail. ~ noun phrase, abairt ainmearach co-shuidheachail. ~
relative clause, clàsa dàimheach co-shuidheachailcomhaisnéiseach
apprehensional n faiteasail. ~ clause, clàsa faiteasailapproximant n co-fhagasach m, gen & pl -aich. ~s and obstruents, co-fhagasaich agus
amalaichapproximation n tuairmse f, pl —anArabic n (lang) Araibis f Araibis fAramaic n (lang) Aramais f Aramais farbitrariness n neo-riaghailteas m, gen -eis. ~ and motivation, neo-riaghailteas agus in-
ghluasadarbitrary a neo-riaghailteach neamhshrianta, ansmachtúilarchaic a àrsaidh ársaarchaism n facal m àrsaidh, cainnt f àrsaidh caint f ársaarchilexeme n airci-leicseim m, pl —eanarchiphoneme n airci-fòineim m, pl airci-fòineimeanareal a ceàrnaidheil. ~ linguistics, cànanachas ceàrnaidheil. ~ feature, feart ceàrnaidheil ~ feature, tréith limistéirargument n argumaid f, pl —ean. ~ structure, structar argumaideacharhyzotonic a airiosatonachArmenian pr n (lang) Airmèinis farrow n (indicating synchronic process) saighead f, gen saighde, pl saighdean saighead farsis n airse farticle n 1 (piece of prose) artaigeal m, gen & pl -eil
2 (gram) alt m, gen & pl uilt. The definite ~, an t-alt cinnteach. The indefinite ~, an t-alt neo-chinnteach
alt m
articulate v tr & i (of speech sounds ) altaich, vn -achadh m fuaimnímarticulation n (ling) altachadh m, gen -aidh. Place of ~, àite altachaidh. Manner of ~,
dòigh altachaidhfuaimniú
articulator n altaiche m, pl —an. Active, passive, ~, altaiche gnìomhach, fulangacharticulatory a altachail. ~ gesture, gluasad altachail. ~ parameters, paraimeadaran
altachail. ~ phonetics, fogharachd altachail. ~ setting, in-shuidheachadh altachail. ~ targets, targaidean altachail
artificial language n phr cànan m innealta, gen & pl cànain innealtaascension n dìreadh m, gen -idh. Possessor ~, dìreadh sealbhadairascriptive a cuir-às-leth. ~ sentence, seantans cuir-às-lethaspect n (ling) aogas m, gen -ais, pl -aisean. Inchoative ~, aogas tòiseachail gné faspectual a aogasail. ~ character, gnè aogasailaspiration n 1 analachadh m, gen -aidh
2 = lenition n, qvanálú m
aspirate n anailichte m, pl —an. Voiced and voiceless ~s, anailichtean guthach agus neo-ghuthach
aspirate v tr 1 anailich, vn analachadh m2 = lenite v tr, qvaspirated a anailichte. ~ plosive, pleasgach anailichte. Post-~, iar-anailichte. Pre-~,
ro-anailichte
anáilím. Aspirated, análaithe
Assamese pr n Asaimis fassertive a ceannasach. ~ verb, gnìomhair ceannasach ceannasachassibilation n co-shiosachadh m, gen -aidhassign v tr dailich, vn daileachadhassimilate v tr (gram) co-choslaich, vn -achadh m comhshamhlaímassimilation n (gram) co-choslachadh m, gen -aidh. Progressive and regressive ~, co-
choslachadh for-cheumnach agus ais-cheumnachcomhshamhlú m
association n co-cheangal m, gen -ail. ~ line, lìne cho-cheangail comhcheangal massociative a co-cheanglach. ~ relation, dàimhealachd cho-cheanglachassonance n amas m, gen -ais. This unstressed rhyme occurs in a number of lines, and
perhaps also in line 6d if one counts the ~ between ‘co-dhùnadh : chuir’, gheibhear an comhardadh gun bheum seo ann an grunnan shreathan, agus dh’fhaodadh cuideachd
comhshondas m
5
Gàidhlig Albannach Gàidhlig Èireannach
ann an sreath 6d nam bite a’ cunntadh an amais eadar ‘co-dhùnadh : chuir’assonate v i dèan amas, vn dèanamh amais. These syllables usually do not rhyme, but
sometimes two or three of them at least ~, mar as trice chan eil na lidean seo a’ dèanamh comhardaidh ann, ach uaireannan tha a dhà no a thrì dhiubh a’ dèanamh amais co-dhiù
asterisk n reul f, gen rèil, pl —tan. Asterisked form, riochd le reul réiltín fasymmetrical a aisimeadrach. Symmetrical and ~ relations, dàimhealachdan simeadrach
agus aisimeadrachasymmetry n aisimeadrachd fasyndeton n aisindeaton masyndetic a aisindeatach. ~ sentence, seantans aisindeatachatelic a neo-theiligeach. ~ verb, gnìomhair neo-theiligeach éigríochnúil,
neamhchríochnaitheachathematic a neo-thèamatach. ~ verb, gnìomhair neo-thèamatach neamhthéamachatonic a neo-thònach. ~ syllable, lide neo-thònach
• gun bheum(siolla) gan bhéim; (siolla) neamhaiceannta
attested a dearbhte. ~ form, riochd dearbhte dearfaattraction n tarraing f tarraingt fattribute n facal m buaidh-aithriseach cáilíocht f, aitreabúid fattribution n buaidh-aithris fattributive a buaidh-aithriseach. ~ adjective, buadhair buaidh-aithriseach aitreabúideach. ~ adjective,
aidiacht cáilíochtaaudible a so-chluinntinn. ~ release, fuasgladh so-chluinntinn inchloisteauditory a claistinneach. ~ phonetics, fogharachd chlaistinneach éistitheachaugment n for-leasachan m (gnìomhair) breisghuta m. (= Particle) mír faugmentation n for-leasachadh m, gen -aidh breisiú maugmentative a meudachail. ~ affix, co-leasachan meudachailaugmented a for-leasaichte. ~ conjunction, naisgear for-leasaichte. ~ stem, stoc for-
leasaichte~ stem, breistamhan
aural a cluasach cluasachAustralian a Astràilianach. A~ languages, cànain Astràilianach AstrálachAustro-Asiatic a Astra-Àisianach. A~ languages, cànain Astra-ÀsianachAustronesian a Astrainèisianach. A~ languages, cànain Astrainèisianachautomatic a fèin-ghluasadach. ~ally predicted, fàisnichte gu fèin-ghluasadachautomatic alternation n phr iomlaid f fhèin-ghluasadachautonomous a fèin-eisimeileach. ~ community, coimhearsnachd fhèin-eisimeileach. ~
verb, gnìomhair fèin-eisimeileach~ verb, saorbhriathar
auxiliary a taiceil. ~ verb, gnìomhair taiceil ~ verb, briathar cúntaaverage 1 a cuibheasach
2 n cuibheas m, gen -eis, pl —an1 a meán2 n meán
aversive 1 a gràineach. ~ case, tuiseal gràineach2 n gràineach m, gen -ich
avoidance style n phr (= mother-in-law language n phr) stoidhle f sheachnaidhaxiom n 1 aicseam m, pl —an aicsíom mAzerbaijani, Azeri pr n (lang) Aiseiris f
Bbabbling n plubadaich f (leanaibh) plubaireacht fbaby-talk n (= motherese n) cainnt-leanaibh f plubaireacht f leanbaíback n cùl m, gen & pl cùil. ~ of the tongue, cùl na teangaidhback a. ~ vowel, fuaimreag chùlaibh cúil m gsback-formation n ais-riochdachadh m, gen -aidh, pl -aidheanbackground n. ~ knowledge, cùl-fhiosrachadh m, gen -aidhbackgrounded a cùl-ionadaichtebackness n. ~ of a vowel, an ìre chun a’ chùil a tha fuaimreagbackslash n cùl-sgoradh m, gen -aidh, pl -aidheanbackshifting n ais-seaftadh m, gen -aidhbahuvrihi n bahuvrihi m. ~ compound, co-fhilleadh bahuvrihiBalkan a Bàlcanach. B~ languages n phr cànain Bhàlcanach B~ a BalcánachBantu a Bantuthach. B~ languages, cànain Bhantuthach Bantúchbarbarism n (gram) borb-ràdh m, gen -àidh, pl —an barbarachas mbare infinitive n phr neo-fhinideach m lombarytone n baraton m, gen -oinbase n bun-riochd m, pl —an. ~ and non-base forms, bun-riochdan is neo-bhun-riochdanbasic a bunaiteach. ~ form, riochd bunaiteach. ~ oral competence, comas-labhairt
bunaiteach. ~ stem, stoc bunaiteachbunúsach. ~ stem, buntamhan
6
Gàidhlig Albannach Gàidhlig Èireannach
• bun-. ~ form, bun-riochd. Basic-level term, briathar bun-ìre. ~ word order, bun-òrdugh fhacal
basilect n ìseal-chainnt fBasque pr n (lang) Basgais f Bascais fbathos n turnamh m, gen -aimh leimhe f, toirneamh mbeat n (musical) buille f, gen —, pl —an. Up-beat, buille-thuigebehaviour n gnìomhadh m, gen -aidh. Anomalous ~, gnìomhadh aimhriaghailteachbenefactive 1 a oircheasach. ~ case, tuiseal oircheasach
2 n oircheasach m, gen -aichBengali pr n (lang) Beangàilis fbias n claon-bhreith f laofacht fbibliographic(al) a leabhar-eòlach leabhareolachbibliography n 1 leabhar-eòlas m, gen -ais
2 (a) clàr m leabhraichean, gen clàir leabhraichean, pl clàran leabhraichean(b) also leabhar-chlàr m, gen -àir, pl —an3 liosta f leabhraichean, pl liostaichean leabhraichean ; also leabhar-liosta f, pl —
ichean
leabhareolas m; leabharliosta m; clár m leabhar
bidialectal n dà-dhualchainnteachbilabial 1 a dà-bhileach
2 n dà-bhileach m, gen & pl -ichdéliopach (m), débheolach
bilateral a dà-thaobhach déshleasach, déthaobhachbilingual a dà-chànanach. In ~ schools, ann an sgoiltean dà-chànanach. ~ and
multilingual children and adults are an asset, is nì feumail e clann agus inbhich dhà-chànanach agus ioma-chànanach a bhith ann
dátheangach
bilingualism n dà-chànanas m, gen -ais. Additive ~, dà-chànanas cuir-ris. The advantages of ~ should have an important place in teaching and learning, bu chòir àite cudthromach a bhith aig na buannachdan a tha an cois dà-chànanais ann an teagasg ’s ann an ionnsachadh
dátheangachas m
bimoraic a dà-mhorathachbinarism n dà-àireimheachd fbinary a dà-àireimh. ~ feature, feart dà-àireimh. ~ opposition, comhaireachd dhà-
àireimh. ~ branching, craobhadh dà-àireimhdénártha
binding n ceangal m, gen -ail greamú mbinomial n dà-fhacal. Irreversible ~, dà-fhacal do-atharrachaidhbiuniqueness n co-neo-shamhlachd f. Principle of ~, prionnsabal co-neo-shamhlachd.
Violation of ~, briseadh air co-neo-shamhlachdbivalent a dà-vàlantach f. ~ verb, gnìomhair dà-vàlantachblade n (ling) liagh f, gen lèigh. ~ of the tongue, liagh na teangaidh ~ of the tongue, bos f na teangablank verse n phr dubh-rannaigheachd f véarsaíocht f neamhrímeachbleaching n (ling) blianadh m, gen -aidh tuaradh m, gealadh mbleeding n cuingealachadh m, gen -aidh. feeding and ~, biathadh agus cuingealachadhblend n cothlamadh m, gen -aidh cumasc m, measgán mblocking n casg m, gen -aisg cosc mbody language n cànan m bodhaig, gen cànain bhodhaigborrowing n iasad m, gen -aid. Dialect ~, iasad dualchainnteachbottom-up a bonn-suas. ~ procedure, dòigh-obrach bhonn-suasbound a ceangailte. ~ form, riochd ceangailte. ~ morpheme, moirfeim ceangailte. ~
anaphora, anafora ceangailteboundary marker n phr comharra m crìche, pl comharran crìcheboundary symbol n phr samhla m crìche, pl samhlaidhean crìcheboundary tone n phr tòna m crìche, pl tònaichean crìchebounded a iomallaichtebrace n (symbol { or } = curly bracket) cuing f, pl —ean (typ) cuing fbracket n camag f, gen -aig, pl —an. Angled ~s, camagan biorach. Round ~s, camagan
cruinne. Square ~s, camagan ceàrnach. Phonetic ~s, camagan fogharach. Phonemic ~s, camagan fòineimeach
lúibín m. Square ~, lúibín chearnach. Round ~, lúibín chruinn
branch n meur m, gen & pl meòir craobh f, géag fbranching node n phr nòd m craobhaidh, pl nòdan craobhaidhbreaking n briseadh m, gen -idhbreathed a sèideachbreathing n (ling) (a) analachadh m, gen -aidh
(b) (Greek gram). Rough, smooth, ~, garbh-analachadh m, sèimh-analachadh manálu m. Rough, smooth, ~, garbhanálú m, séimhanálú m
breathy a sèideach. ~ voice quality, càileachd ghutha shèideachBreton pr n (lang) Breatnais f Briotáinis fbreve n sràc f ghiorraid, pl sràcan giorraid (pros) comhartha m giorrachtaBrittonic, Brythonic a Brittonach. B~ branch, meur Brittonach. B~ and Goidelic,
Brittonach agus Goídealach
7
Gàidhlig Albannach Gàidhlig Èireannach
broad a leathann. ~ vowel, fuaimreag leathann. ~ transcription, tar-sgrìobhadh leathann. Broad term, briathar leathann
leathan
bucolic a buachailleach. ~ verse, rannaigheachd f bhuachailleachBulgarian pr n (lang) Bulgàiris fBurmese pr n (lang) Bùrmais fby-form n frith-riochd m, pl —an
Ccacuminal, cacuminous a (= retroflex a, q.v.) cacumanailcaducous a às-tuislidh. ~ schwa, schwa às-tuislidhcaesura n caesar m, gen -air, pl —an. The ~ sometimes comes after a dactylic foot, and
sometimes after a trochaic foot, tha an caesar uaireannan a’ tighinn an dèidh troighe dactailich, agus uaireannan an dèidh troighe tròicèich. Post-caesural syllable, lide iar-chaesarail. Pre-caesural syllable, lide ro-chaesarail
caesúr m
calculus n calcalas m, gen -ais. Predicate ~, calcalas aisneiseach. Propositional ~, calcalas ciall-ràdhach
calcalas m
calque n cailc f, pl —ean s. lomaistriúchán. vn lomaistriúcanonical n cananach. ~ form, riochd cananach canóntacapital n, capital letter n phr ceann-litir f, gen -reach, pl -richean. Small ~s, ceann-
litrichean beagaCapital letter, n capital, ceannlitir f
capture v tr glac, vn -adh mcardinal number n phr àireamh f àrdail bunuimhir f. The ~ ~s, na
bunuimhreachacardinal vowel n fuaimreag f bhunasach, pl fuaimreagan bunasach
• bun-fhuaimreag f, pl —an~ ~, guta cairdineálta, bunghuta m
caret n comharradh-easbhaidh m, gen comharraidh-easbhaidh, pl comharraidhean-easbhaidh
case n (gram) tuiseal m, gen -eil, pl —an. Ablative ~ tuiseal ablatach. Absolutive ~, tuiseal absalaideach. Accusative ~, tuiseal cuspaireach. Dative ~, tuiseal tabhartach. Ergative ~, tuiseal èirgeadach. Genitive ~, tuiseal ginideach. Instrumental ~, tuiseal innealach. Locative ~, tuiseal ionadach. Nominative ~, tuiseal ainmneach. Objective ~, tuiseal oibseigeach. Possessive ~, tuiseal sealbhach. Radical ~, tuiseal bunasach. Vocative ~, tuiseal gairmeach. The preposition here puts a definite feminine singular noun into the genitive ~, tha an roimhear an seo a’ cur ainmeir chinntich bhoireanta shingilte don tuiseal ghinideach. Abstract ~s, tuisealan eascruthach. ~ role, roile tuiseil. ~ stacking, stacadh thuiseal. ~ syncretism, sioncratachd thuiseal
tuiseal m
catachresis n cataicreis fCatalan pr n (lang) Catalainis fcatalectic a cataileiseachcatalexis n cataileis fcataphor n catafor m, pl —an réamhthagraí mcataphora n catafora m réamhthagra mcataphoric a cataforach. ~ element, eileamaid chataforach réamhthagrachcategorial grammar n phr gràmar catagarailcategorical rule n phr riaghailt f chatagarach, pl riaghailtean catagarachcategorisation n catagarachadh m, gen -aidhcategory n catagaraidh m, pl —ean. Category-neutral, neodrail a thaobh catagaraidh catagóir mcatenative a cuibhreachail. ~ verb, gnìomhair cuibhreachailCaucasian a Cacàiseanach. C~ languages, cànain Chacàiseanachcausal a adhbharail. ~ conjunction, naisgear adhbharail cúise f gs. (Gram) ~ conjunction,
cónasc cúisícausative (CAUS) a adhbharach. ~ construction, gleus-cainnte adhbharachcavity n cuas m, gen -uais, pl —an. Nasal ~, cuas srònach. Oral ~, cuas beòilCeltic 1 a Ceilteach
2 pr n (lang) Ceiltis f1 a Ceilteach2 n (ling) Ceiltis f
central a meadhanach. ~ vowel, fuaimreag mheadhanach meánach, láircentralised a meadhanaichte. ~ vowel, fuaimreag mheadhanaichtecentrifugal a meadhan-sheachnach. ~ language, cànan meadhan-sheachnach lártheifeachcentripetal a meadhan-aomach. ~ language, cànan meadhan-aomach láraimsitheachcerebral a, see retroflex achain shift n phr seaftadh m slabhraidheach, gen seaftaidh shlabhraidhichchange n atharrachadh m, gen -aidh. Phonological ~, atharrachadh fòn-eòlach.
Morphological ~, atharrachadh morf-eòlach. Syntactic ~, atharrachadh co-chàrailathrú m
character n litir f, gen -reach, pl -richean. Phonetic ~s, litrichean fogharach litir fcharacterisation n caractarachadh m, gen -aidh, pl -aidhean. Underlying ~,
caractarachadh ìochdarach. Full phonetic ~, làn charactarachadh fogharach
8
Gàidhlig Albannach Gàidhlig Èireannach
characterise v tr caractaraich, vn caractarachadh mcharacteristic n buadh f, gen buaidh, pl —an, —annan. Realisation ~s, buadhan
rèalachaidhchiasmus n cros-eagar m, gen -air croseagar mchiastic a cros-eagarachChinese pr n (lang) Sìnis f Sínis fchronology n cron-eòlas m, gen -ais. Relative ~, cron-eòlas dàimheach croineolaíocht fcircumfix n iom-leasachan m, gen & pl -aincircumflex 1 a cuairt-lùbach. ~ accent, sràc chuairt-lùbach
2 n cuairt-lùb f, gen -ùibe, pl —ana & s. ~ (accent), cuairím m, aiceann cuar
circumlocution n iom-labhairt ncircumstantial a iom-shuidhichte. ~ adverb, co-ghnìomhair iom-shuidhichtecitation form n phr riochd m luaidhte, pl riochdan luaidhtecite v tr luaidh, vn luaidh f
cited pp luaidhteluaim
class n clas m, pl —aichean. Inflectional ~, clas in-fhillteach. Word ~, clas fhacal. Form ~es, clasaichean riochd
aicme f
Classical Gaelic pr n Gàidhlig f Chlasaigeach. Classical Modern Gaelic, Nuadh-Ghàidhlig Chlasaigeach
classification n seòrsachadh m, gen -aidh. Genetic ~, seòrsachadh gin-eòlach. Typological ~, seòrsachadh gnè-eòlach
rangú m
classificatory a seòrsachail. ~ function, fuincsean seòrsachailclassifier n seòrsaiche m, pl —anclause n clàsa m, pl —n. Conditional ~, clàsa cumhach. Dependent ~, clàsa eisimeileach.
Principal ~, prìomh-chlàsa. Subordinate ~, clàsa fo-inbheach. ~ union, aonadh clàsaclásal m. Main ~, príomhchlásal. Subordinate ~, fochlásal
cleft 1 a sgoilte. ~ construction, gleus-cainnte sgoilte2 n sgoilteach m, gen & pl -ich
scoilte. ~ sentence, abairt scoiltescoilt f
click n gliog m, pl —an cniog mclipping n bearradh m, gen -aidh bearradh mclitic 1 n claonan m, gen & pl -ain
2 a claonach. ~ doubling, dùblachadh claonach. ~ pronoun, riochdair claonachclose a 1 dlùth. ~ juncture, ceangal dlùth. ~ approximation fagasachd dhlùth
2 dùinte. ~ vowel, fuaimreag dhùinte (ling) ~ vowel, guta m dúntaclosed a dùinte. ~ class, clas dùinte. ~ syllable, lide dùinte dúntaclosing diphthong n phr dà-fhoghar m dùnaidh, gen dà-fhoghair dhùnaidh, pl dà-
fhogharan dùnaidhclosure n dùnadh m, gen -aidh dúnadh mcloze test n phr deuchainn f cloze. Using techniques such as cloze procedure, a’
cleachdadh dhòighean-obrach mar tha lìonadh bheàrnachancluster n còmhlan m, gen & pl -ain. Consonant ~, còmhlan chonsan. Member of a ~, ball
de chòmhlancoalescence n, see fusion ncoarticulation n co-altachadh m, gen -aidhcoda n còda mcode n còd m, gen -òid, pl —an
code switching n phr suidseadh m còid, gen suidsidh chòidcoefficient n co-èifeachdach m, gen & pl -aich. Correlation ~, co-èifeachdach co-
dhàimhecomhéifeacht f. Correlation ~, comhéifeacht chomhghaolúcháin
cognate a càirdeach. Choose two words in the second line which are ~, and show the connection between them, tagh dà fhacal anns an dara sreath a tha càirdeach, agus seall dè an ceangal a tha eatorra. ~ object, oibseig chàirdeach
~ words, focail ghaolmhara
cognitive a fiosail. ~ linguistics, cànanachas fiosail. ~ meaning, brìgh fhiosailcoherence n leanailteachd fcohesion n ion-leanailteachd fcollapse n tuiteam m, gen -eim. Leading to ~ of the opposition, ag adhbharachadh gun
tuit a’ chomhaireachdcollective a trusaidh. ~ noun, ainmear trusaidh. Distributive and ~ plurals, iomarran co-
roinnteach agus trusaidh~ noun, cnuasainm m
collocation n co-ionadachadh m, gen -aidhcolloquial a expressed with mith-chainnte f gen. Drama scripts present chances for
dialect and ~ forms, gheibhear cothrom ann an sgriobtaichean dràma air modhan dualchainnt agus mith-chainnte
(caint) choitianta
colloquialism n modh m mith-chainnte, pl modhan mith-chainnte• mith-fhacal m, gen -ail, pl mith-fhaclan, -ail
gnáthleagan m cainte
colon n còilean m, gen -ein, pl —an idirstad mcombinatory variants n phr caochlaich m pl chothlamachcombining form n phr riochd m cothlamaidh, pl riochdan cothlamaidh
9
Gàidhlig Albannach Gàidhlig Èireannach
comitative 1 a coimiteach. ~ case, tuiseal coimiteach2 n coimiteach m, gen & pl -ich
comma n cromag f, gen -aige, pl —an. Including simple use of ~s, le cleachdadh sìmplidh air cromagan
inverted comma n phr cromag f thurrach, pl cromagan turrach
camóg f. Inverted ~s, uaschamóga f pl
command n àithne f, pl àithntean. Indirect ~, àithne neo-dhìreach ordú m, aithne fcommensurability n ion-cho-thomhasachd fcommensurable a ion-cho-thomhais inchomhthomhaistecomment n (ling) luaidh f. Topic and ~, topaig agus luaidhcommitment n geall-bheachd m. Ontological ~, geall-bheachd ont-eòlachcommon core n phr cridhe m coitcheanncommon gender n phr gnè f choitcheanncommon noun n phr ainmear m gnàthach, gen ainmeir ghnàthaich, pl ainmearan gnàthach ~ ~, ainm coitiantacommissive a geall-daingneachailcommunication n co-luadar m, gen -air. This unit of language may contain non-linguistic features of ~, faodaidh an t-aonad cànain seo seòrsachan co-luadair a ghabhail a-staigh nach buin do chànain
communications n eadar-cheangal m, gen eadar-cheangail
idir-riaradh m
communicative a co-luadair m gen. ~ competence, comas co-luadair. ~ presumption, ro-bharail cho-luadair
community mod coimhearsnachd f, pl —an. ~ language, cànan coimhearsnachd. Pupils from a home or ~ background where Gaelic is a regular feature of their language environment, clann à dachaighean no à coimhearsnachdan anns a bheil a’ Ghàidhlig na pàirt cunbhalach den àrainneachd-chànain aca
(den phobal)
commutation n co-iomlaid f. ~ test, deuchainn f cho-iomlaideach iomalartú mcommutative a co-iomlaideach. ~ property, comas co-iomlaideach inmhalartaithecomparative 1 a coimeasach. ~ adverb, co-ghnìomhair coimeasach. ~ linguistics,
cànanachas coimeasach. ~ method, dòigh choimeasach2 n coimeasach m, gen & pl -aichcomparative degree n phr (gram) ìre f choimeasach. Often in the bard’s dialect it is
an adjective in the ~ ~ which follows the adverb “cho”, and not one in the positive degree, gu tric ann an dualchainnt a’ bhàird ’s e buadhair anns an ìre choimeasaich a leanas an roimhear “cho”, agus chan e fear anns a’ bhun-ìre
• coimeas m, gen -eis, pl —an. First ~ ~, a’ chiad choimeas. Second ~ ~, an dara coimeas
comparáideach. Comparative adverb, dobhriathar comparáideach. Comparative degree, breischéim f. Comparative clause, clásal comparáideach. Comparative philology, focleolaíocht chomparáideachbreischéim f
compare v tr (gram) dèan coimeas air, vn dèanamh coimeis air. ~ the adjective “daor”, dèan coimeas air a’ bhuadhair “daor”
compared a coimeasta. ~ adjective, buadhair coimeasta
To compare an adjective, céimeanna comparáide aidiachta a thabhairt
comparison n coimeas m, gen -eis. ~ of adjective, coimeas buadhair Degrees of ~, céimeanna comparáide
compatibility n co-chòrdachd f comhoiriúnacht f, freagracht fcompatible a co-chòrdailcompensatory lengthening n phr fadachadh m co-leasachail, gen fadachaidh co-
leasachailfadú cúitimh
competence n comas m, gen -aiscommunicative competence n phr comas m co-luadair, gen comais co-luadairlinguistic competence n phr comas m cànain. To enhance their ~ ~, gus an comas
cànain a chur am feobhasoral competence n phr comas m labhairt. To provide children from non-Gaelic
backgrounds with basic ~ ~ in Gaelic, comas-labhairt bunaiteach a bhuileachadh air clann à àrainneachd gun Ghàidhlig
inniúlacht f
complement n (gram) coileanadh m, gen -aidh, pl -aidhean. Subject and ~ suibseig is coileanadh. Subject ~, coileanadh suibseigeach. ~ clause, clàsa coileanaidh
comhlánú m
complementary a coileantach. ~ terms, briathran coileantach. ~ distribution, co-roinn choileantach. ~ contexts, co-theacsaichean coileantach
comhlántach. ~ distribution, dáileadh comhlántach
complementarity n coileantachd fcomplementation n coileanachd fcomplementiser n (facal) coileanaidhcomplete sentence n phr seantans m co-iomlan, gen seantans co-iomlaincomplex a co-thoinnte. ~ preposition, roimhear co-thoinnte. ~ sentence, seantans co-
thoinnte. ~ nucleus, niuclas co-thoinnte. ~ transitive, aisigeach co-thoinnte(briathar) coimpléascach
component n co-fhillteant m, pl —an comhábhar mcomponential analysis n phr anailis f cho-fhillteantachcomposition n 1 (putting together) co-fhillteachd f
2 (essay) aiste f, pl aistidhean1 comhshuíomh m2 aiste f
compositional a co-fhillteach. ~ meaning, brìgh cho-fhillteachcompositionality n co-fhillteachas m, gen -ais. Principle of ~, prionnsabal a’ cho-
10
Gàidhlig Albannach Gàidhlig Èireannach
fhillteachaiscompound 1 n co-fhilleadh, gen -idh, pl -idhean. The word is a ~, ’s e facal co-fhillte a
tha ann. ~ formation, co-dhèanamh co-fhillidh2 a co-fhillte. ~ clause, clàsa co-fhillte. ~ preposition, roimhear co-fhillte. v sentence,
seantans co-fhillte. ~ word, facal co-fhillte. ~ stress, beum co-fhillte. ~ tense, tràth co-fhillte. ~ tone, tòna co-fhillte
~ word, comhfhocal ma comhshuite
compounding n (= composition) co-fhillteachd fcompulsory a for-èigneachail
• èigneachail. ~ rhyme, comhardadh èigneachailéigeantach, riachtanach
conative a feuchainneach. ~ function, fuincsean feuchainneachconcatenation n co-chuibhreachadh m, gen -aidh, pl -aidheanconcept n 1 coincheap m, pl —an
2 bun-bheachd m, gen —a, pl —an. Audience is an important ~, ’s e bun-bheachd cudthromach a tha ann an luchd-amais
• bun-smuain f, pl —tean. A cognitive grasp of quite sophisticated ideas and linguistic ~s, greim agus tuigse air bun-bheachdan agus air bun-smuaintean cànain a tha gu math adhartach
coincheap m
conceptual a coincheapail. ~ field, raon coincheapail coincheapúilconcessive a gèillteach. ~ clause, clàsa gèillteach (gram) faobhach, faomhachconcomitant a co-cheumnach. ~ feature, feart co-cheumnachconcord n (gram = agreement) co-aontas m, gen -aisconcrete a nitheil. ~ case, tuiseal nitheil. ~ level, ìre nitheil. ~ noun, ainmear nitheil nithiúilcondition n cumha f, pl —ichean. Preparatory ~, cumha ullachail. Output ~s,
cumhaichean às-solaircoinníoll m, cuntar m
conditional a cumhach. ~ clause, clàsa cumhach. ~ sentence, seantans cumhach. ~ tense, tràth cumhach. This is the word ending which normally occurs in the dialect for the second person singular of the ~ tense, ’s e seo an deireadh-facail a gheibhear am bitheantas san dualchainnt air an dara pearsa shingilte den tràth chumhach
coinníolach. ~ mood, an modh coinníolach
condition v tr cumhaich, vn -achadh mconditioned a cumhaichte. ~ sound change, atharrachadh fuaim cumhaichte. ~
variation, caochlaideachd chumhaichte. ~ conditioned, cumhaichte gu gràmadach• fo chumha. The sound change is ~ as follows, tha an t-atharrachadh san fhuaim fo
chumha mar a leanas, fo na cumhaichean a leanasconditioning n cumhachadh m, gen -aidh. Grammatical ~, cumhachadh gràmadach.
Phonological ~, cumhachadh fòn-eòlach. Progressive and regressive ~, cumhachadh for-cheumnach agus ais-cheumnach
faoi choinníoll
configurational language n phr cànan m co-dhealbhach, gen cànain cho-dhealbhaichconfirmative a deimhinneach. ~ particle, mion-fhacal deimhinneach dearfach, deimhnitheachconflation n co-shèideadh m, gen -idhconfusion n troimh-chèile m. Semantic ~, troimh-chèile seimeantachcongener n co-ghinearach m, gen & pl co-ghinearaich. Certain segments and their
palatalised ~s are not found here, tha cuid de theasgain agus an co-ghinearaich phalataichte nach fhaighear an seo
congruence n congruachd f comhionannas m, congruacht fcongruent n congruach comhionann, congruachcongruity n congruachd f. Pattern ~, congruachd phàtrain. System ~, congruachd
shiostaimconjecture n tuairmeas m, gen -eis. All this is merely ~, in the absence of evidence, chan
eil ann a sin uile ach tuairmeas, ann an uireasbhaidh fhianaisemeath-thuairim f
conjoining rule n phr riaghailt f nasgaidh, pl riaghailtean nasgaidhconjugate v tr co-naisg, vn co-nasgadh m réimnímconjugation n co-nasgadh m, gen -aidh, pl -aidhean. ~ vowel, fuaimreag cho-nasgaidh réimniú mconjunct 1 a naisgte. ~ phrases, abairtean naisgte
2 n naisgte m, pl —ancónasctha
conjunction n 1 (gram) naisgear m, pl —an, Augmented ~, naisgear for-leasaichte. Co-ordinating ~, naisgear co-inbheachaidh. Subordinating ~, naisgear fo-inbheachaidh
2 (logic) nasgadh m, gen -aidh
cónasc m
conjunctive a naisgeil. ~ particle, mion-fhacal naisgeil. ~ pronoun, riochdair naisgeil cónascachconnotation n co-chiallachadh m, gen -aidh, pl -aidhean. Positive acceptation and
negative ~, ciall aithnichte dheimhinneach agus co-chiallachadh àicheil(phil) cuimse f
consecutive a co-leanailteach. ~ clause, clàsa co-leanailteach iarmharta. Consecutive ~, clásal iarmhartach
conservatism n glèidhteachd f. Innovation and ~, nuadhas agus glèidhteachdconservative a glèidhteachailconsistency n co-sheasmhachd f comhsheasmhacht fconsistent a co-sheasmhach. ~ VO language, cànan GO co-sheasmhach. Typologically ~,
co-sheasmhach gu gnè-eòlach(phil) comhsheasmhach
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Gàidhlig Albannach Gàidhlig Èireannach
consonance n uaithne m comhfhoghar m, comhfhuaim fconsonant n consan m, gen & pl -ain. A ~ group, cluster, còmhlan-chonsan. This
pronunciation, as palatal “-nt-”, occurs generally in the dialect for the palatal ~ group “-thn-”, gheibhear am fuaimneachadh seo, mar “-nt-” phalatach, am bitheantas san dualchainnt a tha ann air a’ chòmhlan-chonsan “-thn-” phalatach. ~ cluster, còmhlan chonsan. ~ harmony, co-fhuaimneachd chonsan
consan m. ~ cluster, càrn consan
consonantal a consanach consantaconstant n buan-sheasmhach m, gen & pl -aich
• (math) buan-àireamh f, gen buan-àireimh, pl buan-àireamhan. Logical ~, buan-àireamh lòidsigeach
(math) buanuimhir f
constant opposition n phr comhaireachd m bhuan-sheasmhach, gen comhaireachd buan-sheasmhaich
constative a constaideach. Performative and ~, iomairteach agus constaideachconstituency n co-adhbharachd fconstituent n co-adhbhar m, gen & pl -air. Immediate ~s, co-adhbhair neo-mheadhanach.
Immediate ~ analysis, anailis cho-adhbhar neo-mheadhanach. Ultimate ~s, co-adhbhair dheireannach. ~ structure, structar cho-adhbhar
comhábhar m
constraint n co-èigneachadh m, gen -aidh, pl -aidhean. Deep structure ~s, co-èigneachaidhean structair-dhomhainn
cosc m
construction n (gram) gleus m, pl —an. Inflectional ~ gleus in-fhillteach. Derivational ~, gleus bunachail. ~s having two elements, gleusan anns am bheil dà eileamaid
• gleus-cainnte m, pl gleusan-cainnte
dul m, gléas m (cainte)
construe v tr (gram). A ~s with B, tha A an co-rèir ri B. Preposition ~d with the dative, roimhear a ghabhas an tabhartach
consuetudinal a (= habitual a) sìor-ghnàthach. ~ present, làthaireach sìor-ghnàthach ~ present, gnáthláithreachcontact n. ~ language, cànan co-thadhail. ~ dialect, dualchainnt cho-thadhail. Language
~, co-thadhal chànan. In immediate ~ with, ann an co-thadhal neo-mheadhanach ricontamination n truailleadh m, gen -idh
contamination product n phr truaill-thoradh m, gen -aidhtruailliú m
contemporal a co-aimsireil. ~ clauses are introduced by agus, gheibhear agus aig toiseach chlàsan co-aimsireil
content n susbaint f. Form and ~, cruth is susbaint ábhar mcontested a connsaichtecontext n co-theacsa m, pl —n co-théacs mcontext-sensitive a mothachail air co-theacsa. ~ rule, riaghailt mhothachail air co-theacsacontext-specific a co-theacs-sònraichte. ~ devoicing, dì-ghuthachadh co-theacs-sònraichtecontextualisation n co-theacsachadh m, gen -aidhcontinuant 1 n leanmhainneach m, gen & pl -ich. Frictionless ~, leanmhainneach gun
suathadh2 a leanmhainneach. ~ consonant, consan leanmhainneach
n & a leanúnach (m)
continuity n leantalachas m, gen -ais leanúnachas m, feidhle fcontinuous a leantalach. ~ constituent, co-adhbhar leantalach leanúnachcontoid n contaid f, pl —ean. ~s and vocoids, contaidean agus fuaimreideancontour n iom-lìne f, pl iom-lìnean. Pitch ~, iom-lìne tòn-àirdecontract v i (ling) co-ghiorraich, vn -achadh m giorraímcontraction n (ling) co-ghiorrachadh m, gen -aidh giorrú mcontradictory a co-àicheil. ~ propositions, tairgsean co-àicheil. ~ terms, briathran co-
àicheilfrithráiteach
contrary a contrarrach. ~ propositions, tairgsean contrarrach contrárthacontrast n co-chontrarrachd f, pl —an. Leading to collapse of the ~, ag adhbharachadh
gun tuit a’ cho-chontrarrachdcontrárthacht f, (phil) frithshuíomh m
contrast v co-chontrarraich, vn -achadh contráraímcontrastive n co-chontrarrach. ~ distribution, co-roinn cho-chontrarrach. ~ function,
fuincsean co-chontrarrach. ~ stress, beum co-chontrarrachcontrol n 1 smachd m
2 ball-smachda m, gen & pl buill-smachda. This will be a ~ on the experiment, bidh seo na bhall-smachda air a’ phrobhadh
smacht m, ceannas m
control verb n phr gnìomhair m smachda, pl gnìomhairean smachdaconvention n co-ghnàths m, pl —an. Marking ~, co-ghnàths comharrachaidh
• nòs m, pl nòsan. Making some use of appropriate literary ~s, leis na h-uiread de chleachdadh air nòsan-litreachais iomchaidh
gnás m
conventional n co-ghnàthach. ~ implicature, impleachdas co-ghnàthach coinbhinseanach, comhghnáthsachconverb n geàrr-ghnìomhair m, pl —eanconvergence n co-aomadh m, gen -aidh comhchlaontacht fconversation n còmhradh m, gen -aidh comhrá mconversational a còmhraiteach. ~ implicature, impleachdas còmhraiteach comhráiteachconverse n co-iompachadh m, gen -aidh. The ~ is not true, chan eil an suidheachadh co-
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Gàidhlig Albannach Gàidhlig Èireannach
iompachail fìorconverse a co-iompachail. ~ terms, briathran co-iompachail contrárthaconversion n iompachadh m, gen -aidh iompú mcoordinate a co-inbheach. ~ clause, clàs co-inbheach. ~ bilingualism, dà-chànanas co-
inbheach~ clause, clásal m comhordaitheach
coordinate v co-inbhich, vn co-inbheachadh m. Coordinating conjunction, naisgear co-inbheachaidh
comhordaím
co-ordinating, co-ordinative, a co-inbheachailcoordination n (ling) co-inbheachd f. Phrasal ~, co-inbheachd abairteach. Sentential ~,
co-inbheachd seantansachcomheagar m, comhordú m
coordinator n = coordinating conjunction n phrcopula n copail f copail fcopular a copaileach. ~ verb, gnìomhair copaileach. ~ construction, gleus copaileachcopulative a copaileach. ~ compound, co-fhilleadh copaileach copaileachcopying n copaigeadh m, gen -idh
• ath-riochdachadh m, gen -aidhcóipeáil f
core n cridhe m, pl —achan. Common ~, cridhe coitcheann. ~ grammar, cridhe-ghràmar. Core vocabulary, ~-bhriathrachas. Core syllable and appendix, cridhe-lide agus aipeandaig
coreference n co-iomradh m, gen -aidhcoreferential a co-iomraideil. ~ noun phrases, abairtean ainmearach co-iomraideilCornish pr n (lang) Còirnis f Coirnis fcorollary n co-thoradh m, -aidh, pl -aidheancoronal a coronach. ~ articulation, altachadh coronachcorpus n corpas m, gen -ais. ~ linguistics, cànanachas corpais. díolaim m, bolg m soláthaircorpus planning n phr dealbhachadh m corpais, gen dealbhachaidh chorpaiscorrect a ceart ceartcorrect v tr ceartaich, vn -achadh m ceartaímcorrection n ceartachadh m, gen -aidh, pl -aidhean ceartú mcorrelation n co-dhàimh f, pl —ean. ~ of voicing, co-dhàimh ghuthachaidh. ~ coefficient,
co-èifeachdach co-dhàimhecomhchoibhneas m
correlative 1 a co-dhàimheach. ~ construction, gleus co-dhàimheach. ~ adverbs, co-ghnìomhairean co-dhàimheach
2 n co-dhàimheach m, gen & pl -ich. Objective ~, co-dhàimheach oibseigeach
comhchoibhneasach (m)
correspondence n co-fhreagairt f. ~ theory, teòiridh cho-fhreagairt freagairt f, comhfhreagracht f, comhchosúlacht f
corrigibility n so-cheartachd fcorrigible a so-cheartachaidhcountable n so-chunntaidh. ~ noun, ainmear so-chunntaidhcounter-example n contra-eisimpleir m, pl —eancounterfactual a contra-fhìorasach. ~ clause, clàsa contra-fhìorasachcounter-intuitive n contra-imfhiosach. ~ analysis, anailis chontra-imfhiosachcount noun n phr = countable noun n phrcouplet n (a) leth-rann f, pl —an
• leth-cheathramh m, gen -aimh, pl —an(b) rann-chàraid f
leathrann m
cover term n phr briathar m còmhdaich, gen briathair chòmhdaich, pl briathran còmhdaich
covert a ceilte. ~ gender, gnè cheilte. ~ prestige, cliù ceilte. ~ pronoun, riochdair ceiltecrasis n craisis fcreaky voice n phr guth m dìosgailcreole n creole fcriterion n crìtear m, pl —an. Semantic criteria, crìtearan seimeantach caighdeán m, critéar mcross-categorisation n tar-chatagarachd fcross-linguistic a tar-chànanachailcue n sanas m, gen -ais, pl —anculture n 1 cultar m, gen -air. Through its literature and ~, tro a litreachas agus a cultar.
Diversity of language, ~ and progression, iomadalachd cànain, cultair agus adhartais. While it will be important to give an historical sense of Gaelic as a ~, ged a bhitheas e cudthromach mothachadh eachdraidheil a thoirt air a’ Ghàidhlig mar chultar
2 dualchas m, gen -ais, pl —an. Gaelic ~ is a key issue, ’s e prìomh chùis a tha ann an dualchas na Gàidhlig. Diversity of ~, iomadalachd sheòrsachan dualchais. Forge strong links with the language and ~ that children bring to school, dlùth cheangal a dhèanamh ris a’ chànain agus ris an dualchas a tha a’ chlann a’ toirt don sgoil. The values and knowledge which motivate ~s are deeply intertwined in their languages, tha na prìomh-bheachdan agus an t-eòlas a tha a’ gluasad dhualchasan a’ freumhachadh gu domhain nan cuid chànan
cultúr m
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Gàidhlig Albannach Gàidhlig Èireannach
cultural a culturach. ~transmission, aiseag culturachcumulation n càrnadh m, gen càrnaidhcumulative a càrnach. ~ exponents, easpònantan càrnach carnach, breisitheachCymric a Cuimreach CoimreachCzech pr n (lang) Seicis f Seicis f
Ddactyl n dactail f, pl —ean dachtail fdactylic a dactaileach. ~ feet, troighean dactaileach. In the fourth phrase the first foot is
trochaic and the second foot ~, anns a’ cheathramh abairt tha a’ chiad troigh tròicèach agus an dara troigh dactaileach
dachtaileach
Danish pr n (lang) Danmhaircis f Danmhairgis fdangling participle n phr rann-gabhail f chrochaidh, pl rann-gabhailean crochaidhdash n (typ) sgrìob f, pl —an fleasc fdata n dàta m. ~ base, stòr-dàta sonraí, dálaí. ~ base, bunachar
sonraídative (DAT) 1 a tabhartach. The ~ case, an tuiseal tabhartach. The ~ form of this
feminine word has taken the place of the radical case in this dialect, tha an riochd tabhartach air an fhacal bhoireanta seo air àite an tuiseil bhunasaich a ghabhail anns an dualchainnt a tha ann. ~ movement, shift, seaftadh tabhartach. ~ subject, suibseig thabhartach
2 n tabhartach m, gen -aich. # of advantage, tabhartach leasa
tabharthach (m)
daughter language n phr inghean-chànan m, gen & pl -aindeadjectival a dì-bhuadhaireachdecimal a deicheach. ~ and pental systems, siostaman deicheach agus còigeach deachúlachdeclarative a ràiteasach. ~, interrogative and imperative sentences, seantansan
ràiteasach, ceisteach agus àithneach(declaration n ráiteas m)
declension n dì-chlaonadh m, gen -aidh, pl -aidhean. The first ~ a’ chiad dhì-chlaonadh díochlaonadh mdeclinable a ion-dì-chlaonaidh in-díochlaontadeclination n (often = downdrift) co-ìsleachadh m, gen -aidhdecline v tr (gram) dì-chlaon, vn —adh m díochlaonaimdecomposition n dì-thàthadh m, gen -aidh. Lexical ~, dì-thàthadh leicseachaildeduce v tr (logic) deaduct, vn —adh m (logic) déaduchtaímdeduction n (logic) deaductadh m, gen -aidh (logic) déaduchtú mdeductive a deaductach. ~ and inductive logic, lòidsig dheaductach agus ionductach. ~
inference, foidheam deaductachdéaduchtach
deep structure n phr structar m domhainn, gen structair dhomhainn. ~ ~ constraints, co-èigneachaidhean structair-dhomhainn
default a eugmhais. ~ category, catagaraidh eugmhais. ~ value, luach eugmhais. ~ rule, riaghailt eagmhais
(s loiceadh m)
defective a (gram) uireasbhach. ~ verb, gnìomhair uireasbhach uireasachdefinite a cinnteach. The ~ article, an t-alt (cinnteach). ~ pronoun, riochdair cinnteach. ~
noun phrase, abairt ainmearach cinnteach. Past ~, an tràth caithte cinnteach. The preposition here puts a ~ feminine singular noun into the genitive case, tha an roimhear an seo a’ cur ainmeir chinntich bhoireanta shingilte don tuiseal ghinideach
sonrach. ~ article, an t-alt (cinnte). Past ~, an aimsir chaite chinnte
definition n deimhneid f, pl —ean. Extensional ~, deimhneid leudachail. Ostensive ~, deimhneid os-comharraichte. Semantic ~, deimhneid sheimeantach
sainmhíniú m, deifníd f
definitive a deimhneideach. ~ text, teacsa deimhneideach cinnte, cinntitheach, dearfachdegemination n dì-chàraideachadh m, gen -aidhdegree n ìre f, pl —ean. ~s of freedom, ìrean saorsa
positive degree n phr (in comparison of adjective) a’ bhun-ìre f, gen na bun-ìre. superlative degree n phr (in comparison of adjective) an ìre f fheabhasach, gen na h-
ìre feabhasaichfirst comparative degree n phr a’ chiad choimeas m, gen a’ chiad choimeissecond, third, comparative degree n phr an dara, an treas, coimeas m, gen an dara,
an treas, coimeis
Degree of comparison, céim comparáide. Degrees of freedom, céimeanna saoirse
deictic a deicteach. ~ elements, eileamaidean deicteach deicteachdeixis n deicse f. Social ~, deicse shòisealtadelabialisation n dì-bhileachadh m, gen -aidhdelayed release n phr fuasgladh m dàilichte, gen fuasglaidh dhàilichtedelenition n dì-shèimheachadh m, gen -aidh díshéimhiú mdeletion n às-dubhadh m, gen -aidh scriosadh a-machdeliberative a meòrachail. ~ construction, gleus meòrachaildemarcative a co-chrìochnach. ~ accent, aiceann co-chrìochnachdemonstrative 1 a comharrach. ~ particle, mion-fhacal comharrach. ~ pronoun,
riochdair comharrachtaispeántach. ~ particle, iarmhír thaispeántach, aidiacht
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Gàidhlig Albannach Gàidhlig Èireannach
2 comharrach m, gen & pl -aich thaispeántachdemotic a deamaiteach. Hieratic and ~, hiaraiteach agus deamaiteachdemotion n ceum-ìsleachadh m, gen -aidh. Promotion and ~, ceum-àrdachadh agus
ceum-ìsleachadhdenasalisation n dì-shrònachadh m, gen -aidhdenominal, denominative, a dì-ainmearach. Denominal adjective, buadhair dì-
ainmearachdí-ainmneach
denotation n ciallachadh m, gen -aidh, pl -aidhean comharthú mdenote v tr ciallaich, vn -achadh m. The word “text” ~s the unit of language that is
being studied, tha am facal “teacsa” a’ ciallachadh an aonaid chànain a thathar a’ sgrùdadh
cuireann i gcéill
dental a (ling) deudach. ~ stop, consan dùinte deudachdenti-alveolar a deud-ailbhealach
déadach
deontic a deontach. ~ modality, mòdaileachd dheontachdepalatalisation n dì-phalatachadh m, gen -aidh leathnú mdepalatalise v tr dì-phalataich, vn -achadh m
depalatalised a dì-phalataichtedependency n (gram) eisimeileachd f. Structure-dependency, eisimeileachd f structair.
Unilateral ~, eisimeileachd aon-taobhachdependent 1 a (gram) eisimeileach. ~ clause, clàsa eisimeileach. ~ verb, gnìomhair
eisimeileach2 eisimeileach m, gen & pl -ich
spléach. ~ clause, fochlásal m
deponent 1 a dì-sgartach. ~ verb, gnìomhair dì-sgartach2 dì-sgartach m, gen & pl -aich
a & n (gram) diúscartach
deprecated term n phr briathar m lochdach, gen briathair lochdaich, pl briathran lochdach téarma lochtachderivation n 1 (ling) bunachadh m, gen -aidh, pl -aidhean
• expressed with bun m, gen —a, pl —an. What is the ~ of the word…? dè am bun a tha aig an fhacal…?
2 (familiar) expressed with co às a thàinig…. To give pupils an interest in the roots, ~s and make-up of words which are especially interesting, gus ùidh na cloinne a thogail ann am faclan a tha sònraichte inntinneach: na freumhaichean aca, co às a thàinig iad, agus mar a tha iad air an cur ri chèile
fréamhú m (focail)
derivational a bunachail. ~ morphology, morf-eòlas bunachail. ~ and inflectional affixes, co-leasachain bhunachail agus in-fhillteach
derive v tr & i 1 (ling) bunaich, vn -achadh m2 (familiar) expressed with thig. A word ~d from Latin, facal a thig bhon Laidinnderived a bunaichte. ~ noun, ainmear bunaichte
fréamhaím. A word ~d from Latin, focal a thagann ón Laidin
descendant n fear m, tè f, de shliochd sliochtach mdescent n teàrnadh m, gen -aidh tuirlingt fdescription n tuairisgeal m, gen & pl -eil. Phonetic ~, tuairisgeal fogharach. Structural ~,
tuairisgeal structarachdescriptive a tuairisgealach. ~ grammar, gràmar tuairisgealach. ~ order, òrdugh
tuairisgealach. This list is ~ and not prescriptive, ’s ann tuairisgealach agus chan ann òrdachail a tha an liosta seo
tuairisciúil
desiderative a miannachasach. ~ inflection, in-fhilleadh miannachasach mianaitheachdesign feature n phr feart m dealbhachaidhdesinence n (= inflectional ending) dèisineas m, gen -eis, pl —an. Shared ~s, dèisineasan
com-pàirtichtede-stressed a a chaill beum. A stressless or ~ proclitic, ro-chlaonan gun bheum no a
chaill a bheumdeterminative 1 a cinnteachasach. ~ compound, co-fhilleadh cinnteachasach
2 n cinnteachasach m, gen & pl -aich. Phonetic ~, cinnteachasach fogharacha & s cinntitheach (m)
determiner n cinntiche m, pl —andeuterotonic a deotratonach deotratonachdevelopment n cinneachadh. The ~ was as follows, bha an cinneachadh mar a leanasdeverbal a dì-ghnìomhaireach. ~ noun, ainmear dì-ghnìomhaireachdeviant a faondrach. ~ sentence, seantans faondrach (deviationism n claonachas m)devoice v tr dì-ghuthaich, vn -achadh m
devoicing n dì-ghuthachadh m, gen -aidhdíghlorú m
diachronic a diacronach. ~ and synchronic, diacronach agus sioncronach diacrónachdiacritic n eadar-dhealaiche m, pl —an
• diacraitig m, pl —eanidirdhealaitheach m
diacritical a eadar-dhealachaidh. ~ mark, comharra eadar-dhealachaidh• diacraiteach. ~ mark, comharra diacraiteach
(gram) (comhartha) idirdhealaitheach
diaeresis n dèirise f déirise fdialect n dualchainnt f, gen —e, pl —ean. To take full advantage of Gaelic ~s, a’ gabhail
làn chothroim air dualchainntean na Gàidhlig. Pupils will encounter a range of ~s and canúint f
15
Gàidhlig Albannach Gàidhlig Èireannach
accents, bidh a’ chlann a’ coinneachadh ri caochladh sheòrsachan dualchainnt agus blas. Listening to different ~s on tape, ag èisteachd ri caochladh dhualchainnt air teip. Drama scripts present chances for ~ and colloquial forms, gheibhear cothrom ann an sgriobtaichean dràma air modhan dualchainnt agus mith-chainnt. A greater variety of texts including ~ forms, barrachd sheòrsachan theacsaichean, nan lùib modhan dualchainnte
dialect atlas n phr atlas m dualchainnte, gen atlas dhualchainnte, pl atlasan dualchainnte
dialect continuum n phr eadar-leantalas m dualchainnte, gen eadar-leantalais dhualchainnte
dialect geography n phr cruinn-eòlas m dualchainnteach, gen cruinn-eòlais dhualchainntich
dialectic n dialaictig m dialactaic f, díospóireacht f loighciúil
dialectical a dualchainnte f gen, dualchainnteach canúnachdialectology n dualchainnt-eòlas m, gen -ais. Structural ~, dualchainnt-eòlas structurachdialogue n co-chòmhradh m, gen -aidh. Writing a brief imaginative ~, a’ sgrìobhadh co-
chòmhraidh ghoirid o mhac-meanmaagallamh f, comhrá m
dianoia n dianàia mdiaphone n tar-fhoghar m, gen -air, pl —andiasystem n tar-shiostam m, gen -aimdibrach n diobrac m, pl -aicdichotic a dà-sgarte. ~ stimulation, brodachadh dà-sgartedichotomising a dà-sgarach, a nì dà-sgaradh. Basic ~ feature, feart bunaiteach a nì dà-
sgaradhdichotomy n dà-sgaradh m, gen -aidh, pl -aidhean déscaradh mdictionary n faclair m, pl f—ean. Using a ~, a’ cleachdadh faclair. Personal dictionaries,
faclairean pearsantafoclóir m
differentiate v tr diofaraich, vn -achadh mdifferentiated a diofaraichte
idirdhealaím
differentiation n diofarachadh m, gen -aidh, pl -aidhean idirdhealú mdiffusion n lìonsgaradh m, gen -aidh. Lexical ~, lìonsgaradh leicseachail spré mdiglossia n dà-theangachas m, gen -achais. Permanent ~, dà-theangachas maireannach.
Temporary ~, dà-theangachas sealachdiglossic a dà-theangach. ~ community, coimhearsnachd dhà-theangachdigraph n dà-ghraf m, pl —an délitir fdimeter n dà-mheadar m, gen & pl -airdiminutive 1 a meanbhain m gs. In this dialect very often the masculine ~ suffix does
not change in the genitive case, anns an dualchainnt seo glè thric cha bhi iar-leasachan a’ mheanbhain fhireanta ag atharrachadh anns an tuiseal ghinideach ann
2 n meanbhan m, gen -ain, pl —an. Masculine ~, meanbhan fireanta
díspeagadh m
Dionysian a Dinìosach Dionysus pr n Diníosas mdiphthong n dà-fhoghar m, gen -air, pl —an défhoghar mdiphthongal a dà-fhoghrach défhoghrach mdiphthongisation n dà-fhoghrachadh m, gen -aidh défhoghrú mdipode, dipody n, diopoid f, gen —e, pl —eandirect a dìreach. ~ object, oibseig dhìreach. ~ speech, cainnt dhìreach. ~ and inverse
forms of verb, riochdan dìreach agus iom-thionntaidh air a’ ghnìomhairdíreach
directional 1 a treòrachail. ~ phrase, abairt threòrachail2 n treòrachail f, pl —ean. ~s in the prepositional system, treòrachailean ann an
siostam nan roimheardisambiguate v tr dì-dhà-sheaghaich, vn -achadh mdiscontinuity n neo-leantalachas m, gen -aisdiscontinuous a neo-leantalach. ~ constituent, co-adhbhar neo-leantalach. ~ morpheme,
moirfeim neo-leanaltachneamhleanúnach
discourse n conaltradh m, gen -aidh. Direct ~, conaltradh dìreach. ~ marker, comharra conaltraidh. Universe of ~, uile-choitcheannas conaltraidh
discourse analysis n phr anailis f chonaltraidh
tráchtas m, aitheasc m, caint f
discrete a disgreiteach. ~ unit, aonad disgreiteach• sgarte. ~ unit, aonad sgarte
scoite. (Math) discréideach
discussion n beachdachadh m, gen -aidh díospóireacht fdisjunct 1 a dì-naisgte
2 n dì-naisgte m, pl —andisjunction n dì-nasgadh m, gen -aidhdisjunctive a dì-naisgeil. ~ pronoun, riochdair dì-naisgeil deighilteachdislocation n dì-ionadachadh m, gen -aidh. Left ~, dì-ionadachadh clìdissective a snasachail. ~ verb, gnìomhair snasachail
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Gàidhlig Albannach Gàidhlig Èireannach
dissimilation n dì-choslachadh m, gen -aidh díshamhlú mdistal a cèineil. ~ and proximal, cèineil agus fagasaildistinction n eadar-sgaradh m, gen -aidh, pl -aidhean. Length and quality ~s, eadar-
sgaraidhean ann am fad agus ann an càileachdidirdhealú m, difríocht f
distinctive a (ling) 1 eadar-sgarach. ~ feature, feart eadar-sgarach2 eadar-sgaraichte
idirdhealaithe
distinguish v tr cuir sgaradh m eadar, vn cur sgaraidh eadardistinguished a eadar-sgaraichte
distribution n co-roinn f, gen —e. ~ mode, mòd co-roinne. Complementary ~, co-roinn choileantach. Marginal ~, co-roinn oireach
dáileadh, dáileachán
distributive a co-roinnteach. ~ and collective plurals, iomarran co-roinnteach agus trusaidh
roinnteach
disyllabic a dà-lideach. According to the metre this loan-word is ~, a-rèir na meadrachd tha am facal-iasaid seo dà-lideach
déshiollach
disyllable n dà-lide m, pl —an déshiolla mdithyramb n diotaram m, pl —an rosc m, diotaram mditransitive a dà-aisigeach. ~ construction, gleus dà-aisigeachdivergance n às-aomadh m, gen -aidhdiversity n iomadalachd f. Language ~, iomadalachd chànan. Environmental ~,
iomadalachd san àrainneachddomain n 1 raon-cleachdaidh m, gen raoin-chleachdaidh, pl raointean-cleachdaidh
2 uachdranachd f fearannas m, tighearnas mdorsal a droma. ~ articulation, altachadh le druim na teangaidh (eite, etc.) dromadorsum n druim m. ~ of the tongue, druim na teangaidhdotted a. ~ line, loidhne phuingeannan ~ line, líne poncannadouble a dùbailte. ~ articulation, altachadh dùbailte. ~ cross, (symbol #) crois dhùbailte.
~ negative, àicheach dùbailtedúbailte
doublet n dùblag f, pl —an dúblógdowndrift n drioft-sìos mdowngrading n ìre-ìsleachadh m, gen -aidhDravidian a Draibhideach. D~ languages, cànain Dhraibhideachdrift n drioft mdual (DU) 1 a deise. ~ number, àireamh dheise. ~, trial and paucal, deise, trianach agus
tearcail2 n deiseach m, gen -ich
a & s (gram) déach (m)
dubitative 1 a teagmhasach. ~ inflection, in-fhilleadh teagmhasach2 n teagmhasach m, gen -aich
dummy n breugan m, gen & pl -ain. ~ element, eileamaid bhreugain bréagóg f, dumaíduple a (music) dà-bhuilleach. ~ time, tìm dhà-bhuilleachduration n rè f achar m, fad m, ré fdurational a rèitheil. ~ adverb, co-ghnìomhair rèitheildurative a rèitheach. ~ aspect, aogas rèitheach leanúnachDutch pr n (lang) Duidsis f Ollanais fdvandva n dvandva mdynamic a dionamach. ~ and stative verbs, gnìomhairean dionamach is staideach. ~
passive, fulangach dionamachdinimiciúil
dynamics n dionamaig m. Voice ~, dionamaig a’ ghutha
EEarly Gaelic pr n Gàidhlig f Thràthail, gen Gàidhlig Tràthail Gaeilge f Luathear-training n trèanadh-cluaise m, gen trèanaidh-chluaiseecho question n ceist f mhic-thalla, pl ceistean mic-thallaecho-word n facal m mic-thalla, gen & pl facail mhic-thallaeclipsis n (gram) ur-dhubhadh m, gen -aidh urú meclogue n eaclaige f, pl —an eaclóg feffected object n phr oibseig f èifeachda. Effected and affected objects, oibseigean
èifeachda is buailteegressive a às-imeachail. ~ air stream, sruth èadhair às-imeachail. Glottalic ~ air-
stream, sruth-èadhair glotaiseach às-imeachailEgyptian n (lang) Èipheitis fejective a (ling) às-tilgeil. ~ consonant, consan às-tilgeilelative (ELAT) 1 (a) a ealatach. ~ case, tuiseal ealatach
(b) n ealatach m, gen ealataich2 (a) a fèin-fheabhasach. ~ adjective, buadhair fèin-fheabhasach (b) n fèin-fheabhasach m, gen & pl -aich
electropalatography n eileactra-palatagrafachd f
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Gàidhlig Albannach Gàidhlig Èireannach
elegy n (a) marbhrann m, gen -ainn, pl —an(b) eileige f, pl —an
marbhna m, caoineadh m, tuireamh m
element n 1 eileamaid f, pl —ean. Syntactic ~, eileamaid cho-chàrail. Construction ~, eileamaid ghleusa. Place-name ~, eileamaid a gheibhear ann am ainm-àite
eilimint f
elicit v tr faigh a-mach bho, vn faighinn a-mach bho faighim amachelide (gram) bàth, vn -adh m
elided a air a bhàthadh. The article is completely ~ here, occurring as it does between the final vowel of “mi” and word-initial “l-” of “làmh”, tha an t-alt air a bhàthadh gu h-iomlan an seo, is e eadar an fhuaimreag dheireannach de “mi” agus an “l-” aig toiseach an fhacail “làmh”
báim
elision n (gram) bàthadh m, gen -aidh. “Ceund” comes by ~ from “ceunda”, which itself came by metathesis from “ceudna”, tha “ceund” a’ tighinn le bàthadh bho “ceunda”, riochd a thàinig e fhèin tro eadar-chàradh bho “ceudna”
bá m
ellipsis n beàrnadh m, gen -aidh• eilipsis f
focalbhá m
elliptical a eilipteach. ~ usage, cleachdadh eilipteachembedding n in-shocrachadh m, gen -aidh-eme n -eim memergence n teachd-am-follais m foilsiú m, nochtadh memic a eimig a. ~ and etic, eimig agus eitigemotive a inntinn-ghluasadach. ~ meaning, ciallachadh inntinn-ghluasadachempathy n iom-fhaireachdainn memphasiser n neartaiche m, pl —anemphatic a neartmhor. ~ suffix, iar-leasachan neartmhor. ~ consonant, consan neartmhor.
~ particle, mion-fhacal neartmhorfuinniúil. ~ particle, mír threise
empirical a eimpireach. ~ principle, prionnsabal eimpireach turgnamhaíoch, triaileach, eimpíreach
empiricism n eimpireachas m, gen -ais. ~ and nativism, eimpireachas agus nàdarras turgnamhacht f, eimpíreachas mempty a falamh. ~ morph, morf falamhenantiosemy n eineantaiseimidh mencapsulation n co-ghlacadh m, gen -aidhenclitic 1 a iar-chlaonach
2 n iar-chlaonan m, gen & pl -aina iar-chlaonachn iarchlaonán m
encode v tr in-chòd, vn —adh mencomium n (a) duan-mholaidh m, gen & pl duain-mholaidh
(b) eancòimeam m, pl —anadhmholadh m
end v i crìochnaich, vn -achadh m. Each line ~s with stress on the final syllable, tha gach sreath a’ crìochnachadh le beum air an lide dheireannach
ending n deireadh m, gen -idh, pl -idhean. Word ending, deireadh facail. Word ~s, deiridhean fhaclan. End rhyme, comhardadh-deiridh
críochnaímending n deireadh m, foirceann m
endocentric a in-cheantrach. ~ compound, co-fhilleadh in-cheantrachEnglish pr n (lang) Beurla f
• a’ Bheurla f, gen na Beurla. Schools may report to parents through the medium of Gaelic or ~, faodaidh sgoiltean iomradh a thoirt do phàrantan tro mheadhan na Gàidhlig no na Beurla
in English prep phr ann am Beurla• expressed with Beurla. Teachers should use texts ~ ~ on Gaelic matters, bu chòir
do thidsearan teacsaichean Beurla air cùisean na Gàidhlig a chleachdadh
Béarla m
English-speaking a expressed with a’ Bheurla pr n. Gaelic speaking children whose competence in the language may diminish in a predominantly ~ environment, clann aig a bheil a’ Ghàidhlig ach a dh’fhaodas an comas a dhol air ais ann an àrainneachd anns a bheil a’ Bheurla a’ toirt bàrr
entail v tr co-dhearbh, vn —adh mentailment n co-dhearbhachd f, pl —anentity n nì m, pl nithean. In sentences where two specified entities are equated, ann an
seantansan far a bheil dà nì shònraichte gan cur co-ionannenvironment n àrainneachd f timpeallacht fenvoy n (envoi) ceangal m, gen & pl -ail ceangal mepenthesis n eipinteis fepenthetic a eipinteiseach. ~ vowel, fuaimreag eipinteiseach. The phrase “ceanna maol”
has in fact only two syllables, with an ~ vowel occurring between the noun and the adjective, ’s ann a tha dà lide a-mhàin anns an abairt “ceanna maol”, leis an fhuaimreig eipinteisich eadar an t-ainmear is am buadhair
cúnta. ~ vowel, guta cúnta
epexegesis a eipeisigis mepexegetic a eipeisigeach. ~ infinitive, neo-fhinideach eipeisigeachepic 1 a eipigeil
2 n eipig n, pl —eana eipiciúiln dán m eipiciúil, eipic f
18
Gàidhlig Albannach Gàidhlig Èireannach
epicene a eipiceineach. ~ noun, ainmear eipiceineachepideictic a eipideicteachepiglottal a for-ghlotasachepiglottis n for-ghlotas m, gen -ais forghlotas mepigram n eipeagram m, gen -aim, pl —an eipeagram m, nath mepigrammatic a eipeagramach eipeagramach, nathannachepigraph n eipeagraf m, pl —anepilogue n (a) iar-ràdh m, pl —an
(b) eipealag m, gen & pl -aigiarfhocal m
epiphenomenon n eipifeinimean m, gen -einepistemic a eipisteimeach. ~ and deontic, eipisteimeach agus deontachepistemology n eipisteim-eòlas m, gen -aisepistolary a eipistileach eipistileachepistrophe n deir-atharrais f
• eipeastroif mepitaph n (a) leac-sgrìobhadh m, gen -aidh, pl l-aidhean
(b) eipeataf n, pl —anfeartlaoi f
epithalamium n (a) beannachadh-bàird m• duan-bainnse m, gen & pl duain-bhainnse(b) eipeatalaimeam m, pl -eim
dán m pósta
epithet n buaidh-fhacal m, gen -ail. ~ adjective, buadhair buaidh-fhaclach buafhocal m. ~ adjective, bua-aidiacht
eponym n eipeanaim m, pl —eaneponymous a eipeanaimeachequate v tr cuir co-ionann, vn cur co-ionann. In sentences where two specified entities
are ~d, ann an seantansan far a bheil dà nì shònraichte gan cur co-ionannequational a cothromaideach. ~ sentence, seantans cothromaideach (equation, cothromóid f)equative (EQUAT) 1 a co-ionannach. ~ construction, gleus co-ionannach. ~ case, tuiseal
co-ionannach2 n co-ionannach m, gen & pl -aich
n céim f chothroim
equipollent a co-neartmhor. ~ and privative oppositions, comhaireachdan co-neartmhor agus cùmhntach
equivalent 1 a co-ionann• co-bhrìgheach2 n co-bhrìgheach, gen & pl -ich
a coibhéiseach. To be ~ to sth., bheith air chomhbhrí le rud ; n (Mth) comhbhríoch m
equivocal a (phil, = ambiguous a) dà-sheaghachergative (ERG) 1 a èirgeadach. ~ case, tuiseal èirgeadach. ~ language, cànan èirgeadach
2 n èirgeadach m, gen & pl -aicherosion n bleith ferror n mearachd f, pl —an earráid fEskimo-Aleut a Eisgimis-Ailiutais fEsperanto pr n (lang) Esperanto messay n aiste f, pl aistidhean aiste fessive (ESS) 1 a eiseach. ~ case, tuiseal eiseach
2 eiseach m, gen -ichestablished a stèidhte. ~ form, riochd stèidhte socraithe, bunaitheestimate n measrachadh m, gen -aidh, pl -aidhean meastachán mEstonian pr n (lang) Eastòinianis fethic a eitigeil. ~ dative, tabhartach eitigeil (gram) ~ dative, an tabharthach
eiticiúilethnic a 1 eitnigeach. We believe that no family should be excluded from the group’s
activities on the grounds of disability, colour or ~ origin, tha sinn a’ creidsinn nach bu chòir gum bitheadh teaghlach sam bith air an dùnadh a-mach bho ghnìomhan na buidhne mar thoradh air ciorram, dath no bunadh eitnigeach. ~ revival, ath-bheothachadh eitnigeach
2 cinnidheach. ~ revival, ath-bheothachadh cinnidheachethnic group n phr 1 buidheann f eitnigeach, gen buidhne eitnigich, pl buidhnean
eitnigeach• buidheann f chinnidheach, gen buidhne chinnidhich, pl buidhnean cinnidheach2 cinneadh m, gen -idh, pl -idhean. Language of the ~ ~, cànan a’ chinnidh
eitneach
etic a eitig. ~ and emic, eitig agus eimigEtruscan pr n (lang) Èatrasgais f (Etruscan, a & n Éatruscach (m))etymological a freumh-eòlach
etymological dictionary n phr faclair m freumh-eòlach, gen faclair fhreumh-eòlaich, pl faclairean freumh-eòlach
• freumh-fhaclair m, pl —eanetymologically adv a thaobh freumh-eòlais
sanasaíoch
ó thaobh na sanasaíochta
19
Gàidhlig Albannach Gàidhlig Èireannach
etymologise v tr & i freumh-eòlaich, vn -achadh metymologising n freumh-eòlachadh m, gen -achaidh
etymologist n freumh-eòlaiche m, pl —an sanasaí metymology n freumh-eòlas m, gen -ais sanasaíocht fetymon n freumh-fhacal m, gen -ail, pl freumh-fhaclan, -ail. ~ and reflex, freumh-fhacal
agus iar-riochdeuphemism n caomh-ràdh m, pl —an sofhriotal meuphony n deagh-fhoghras m, gen -ais dea-fhoghras meuphuism n glòramas m, gen -ais bréagmhaorgacht f, galamaisíocht feurhythmy n so-ruitheamachd fevaluative a luachail. ~ particle, mion-fhacal luachailevent n tachartas m, gen -ais, pl —an. Speech ~, tachartas cainnteevidence n fianais f, gen f—e. All this is merely conjecture, in the absence of ~, chan eil
ann a sin uile ach tuairmeas, ann an uireasbhaidh fhianaisefianaise f
evidential a fianaiseach. ~ inflection, in-fhilleadh fianaiseachevolution n eabhlaid f. ~ of language, eabhlaid chànain éabhlóid fexception n eisgeachd f eisceacht fexceptional a eisgeachdail. ~ case marking, comharrachadh tuiseil eisgeachdail eisceachtúilexclamation n clisgreadh m, gen -idh
exclamation mark n phr clisg-phuing f, pl —ean• comharradh-clisge m, gen comharraidh-chlisge, pl comharraidhean-clisge. Speech
marks and ~ ~s are further descriptions of punctuation, tha comharraidhean-labhairt agus comharraidhean-clisge a’ dèanamh an tuilleadh iomraidh air pungadh
uaillbhreas m
exclamative, exclamatory, a clisgreach uaillbhreasachexclusive a às-àireimh. ~ first person, ciad phearsa às-àireimh toirmeascach, eisiatachexhaustiveness n uile-ghabhalachd f (exhaustive a uileghabhálach,
iomlán)exhortative a ìmpidheach. ~ particle, mion-fhacal ìmpidheachexiguous a caol. The material however is very ~, ’na dhèidh sin chan eil an t-
adhbharrach ach glè chaolgiortach, gortach, mion
existential a eiseantail. ~ construction, gleus eiseantail eiseachexistentialism n eiseantalas m, gen -ais eiseachas mexocentric a às-cheantrach. ~ compound, co-fhilleadh às-cheantrachexophora n eacsafora mexpansion n atachadh m, gen -aidh leathnú m, fairsingiú m, forbairt f,
borradh mexperiencer n fiosraiche m, pl —anexpiratory a às-analach. ~ pressure, brùthadh às-analachexplanation n mìneachadh m, gen -aidh, pl -aidhean. Teleological ~, mìneachadh teil-
eòlachexpletive 1 a co-atachaidh. ~ word, facal co-atachaidh
• n facal m co-atachaidh2 (familiar) mionn m, pl —an
(gram) focal m le cois, spalla m
explicature n eispleachdas m, gen -aisexplicit a 1 eisplichte. ~ performative, iomairteach eisplichte. ~ sentence, seantans
eisplichte. Implicitly and ~ly reflexive, ath-fhillteach gu h-implichte agus gu h-eisplichte
2 (familiar) soilleir, so-thuigsinn, follaiseach. Without ~ knowledge of rules and terminology, gun eòlas follaiseach air riaghailtean agus briathrachas
dearfa
explicitness n soilleireachd f, pungalachd f. ~ explicitness, pungalachd fhogharachexponence n co-mhìneachadh m, gen -aidh. Extended ~, co-mhìneachadh leudaichteexponent n co-mhìniche m, pl —an. Mutation is an important semiotic ~ of gender, tha
mùthadh na cho-mhìniche cudthromach seimeotach air gnèexpression n ràdh m, pl —an leagan m cainteexpressive a faireachail lán de bhrí; tromchiallachextension n (gram) leudachadh m, gen -aidh. ~ to the subject, leudachadh air an t-
suibseig. ~ of meaning, leudachadh cèille(gram) leathnú m; (phil) sìnteacht
extensional a leudachail. ~ definition, deimhneid leudachailextensive a às-leudachaidh. ~ and intensive verbs, gnìomhairean às-leudachaidh agus in-
leudachaidhleathan, fairsing
external a 1 eachdranach. ~ causes, adhbhair eachdranach. ~ history, eachdraidh eachdranach
2. External sandhi, sandhi taoibh-a-muigh. External and internal sandhi, sandhi taoibh-a-muigh agus taoibh-a-staigh
seachtrach; lasmuigh, forimeallach, imeallach
extraction n às-tarraing fextrametrical a às-mheadrachail. ~ syllable, lide às-meadrachailextraposition n às-suidheachadh m, gen -aidh
20
Gàidhlig Albannach Gàidhlig Èireannach
extrasystemic a às-siostamach aextrinsic a eistreach. ~ and intrinsic allophones, alafonan eistreach agus intreach eistreach
Fface n eineach m, gen -ich. Positive and negative ~, eineach deimhinneach agus àicheil oineach mfactitive a dèanadach déanmhachfactor n factar m. gen -air, pl —an. Conditioning ~, factar cumhachaidhfalling a tuiteamach. ~ diphthong, dà-fhoghar tuiteamach, dà-fhoghar a tha a’ tuiteam titimeachfall-rise a tuit-èirich. ~ intonation, in-tònachd tuit-èirighfamiliar a. ~ form of pronoun, riochd eòlach an riochdair. ~ usage, gnàth-chleachdadh muinteartha. ~ usage, gnáthchaintFaroese pr n (lang) Fàrothais ffalsetto a falsetto ~ voice, guth m cuachachfault n meang f, gen —a, pl —anfaulty a meangailfeature n feart m, gen —a, pl —an. Concomitant ~, feart co-cheumnach. Distinctive ~,
feart eadar-sgarach. They describe ~s of non-verbal communication, tha iad a’ dèanamh iomraidh air feartan conaltraidh às aonais fhaclan
tréith f
feeding n biathadh m, gen -aidh. ~ and bleeding, biathadh agus cuingealachadhfelicitous a (of word, expression) ion-eirmseach. ~ expression, ràdh ion-eirmseach trathúil, oiriúnachfelicity conditions n phr cumhaichean f pl soirbheachdfeminine (FEM) a boireanta. ~ gender, gnè bhoireanta. The dative form of this ~ word
has taken the place of the radical case in this dialect, tha an riochd tabhartach den fhacal bhoireanta seo air àite an tuiseil bhunasaich a ghabhail anns an dualchainnt a tha ann
• (pros) boireanta. ~ rhyme, comhardadh boireanta. ~ ending, deireadh boireanta
baininscneachbaininscne f
fiction n ficsean m, gen -ein cumadóireacht f, ficsean mfield n raon m, gen -aoin, pl —tean. Conceptual ~, raon coincheapail. Lexical ~, raon
leicseachail. Semantic ~, raon seimeantachfigurative a tropach. ~ sense, ciall thropach fíortha, meafarach, tropachfigure of speech n phr trop m, pl —an. “Ithidh iad beò mi” is a common figure of
speech in connection with midges, tha “ithidh iad beò mi” na throp cumanta a thaobh nam meanbh-chuileag
trop m, fìor f chainte
filter n sìoltachan m, gen & pl -ain. Surface ~, sìoltachan uachdairfinal a 1 deireannach. ~ devoicing, dì-ghuthachadh deireannach. ~ and initial,
deireannach agus tòiseachail. The last stress in each long line comes on the ~ syllable, tha am beum mu dheireadh anns gach sreath fada a’ tighinn air an lide dheireannach. Between the ~ vowel of “mi” and word-initial “l-” of “làmh”, eadar an fhuaimreag dheireannach de “mi” agus an “l-” aig toiseach an fhacail “làmh”
2 aig deireadh facail. ~ mutation, mùthadh aig deireadh facail ~ and initial, aig deireadh agus aig toiseach facail
3 (purposive). ~ clause, clàsa amais
deireannach. ~ clause, clásal aidhme
finite a (gram) finideach. ~ verb, gnìomhair finideach. ~ clause, clàsa finideach finideachFinnish pr n (lang) Fionlainnis f
• SuòmaisFionlainnis f
first person (1ST) n phr ciad phearsafixed a suidhichte. ~ stress accent, aiceann beuma suidhichte. ~ word order, òrdugh
fhaclan suidhichte. ~ expression, ràdh suidhichteseasta
flap n flapa m. ~ consonant, consan flapa plapa mfluctuation n neo-sheasmhachd ffluency n fileantachd f. Teachers will ensure that pupils acquire ~ as quickly as
possible, bidh tidsearan a’ dèanamh cinnteach gu bheil a’ chlann a’ tighinn gu fileantachd cho luath ’s a ghabhas
oral fluency n phr comas m labhairt. To enable pupils to acquire ~ ~ in Gaelic, gus comas a thoirt do chloinn comas labhairt a thogail anns a’ Ghàidhlig
líofacht f
fluent a 1 fileanta. For ~ Gaelic-speaking pupils, do chloinn a tha fileanta sa Ghàidhligfluent speaker n phr fileantach m, gen & pl -aich. Gaelic for ~ ~s, Gàidhlig do
dh’fhileantaich. Programmes for ~ ~s, prògraman airson fhileantach• expressed with fileanta a. In the case of children who are not fluent Gaelic
speakers, a thaobh clann aig nach eil Gàidhlig fhileantafluently a gu fileanta
líofa
focal area n phr ceàrnaidh fòcasach (focal, fócasach)focus n fòcas m, gen -ais fócas mfocused interrogative n phr ceisteach fòcastafolk etymology n phr freumh-eòlas f nan daoinefolklore n beul-aithris f
• beul-oideas m, gen -eisbéaloideas m
21
Gàidhlig Albannach Gàidhlig Èireannach
folk-song n mith-òran m, gen & pl -ain amhrán m béaloidisfolk tale n phr uirsgeul m, gen -eoil, pl —an
• mith-sgeul m, gen -eòil, pl —anfolk taxonomy n phr tacsanamaidh m nan daoinefoot n (pros) troigh f, gen —e, pl —ean. Dactylic ~, troigh dhactaileach. Iambic ~, troigh
iambach. Paeanic ~, troigh phaeanach. Proceleusmatic ~, troigh phroiceileasmatach Spondaic ~, troigh spoindèach. Trochaic ~, troigh thròicèach. The caesura sometimes comes after a dactylic ~, and sometimes after a trochaic ~, tha an caesar uaireannan a’ tighinn an dèidh troighe dactailich, agus uaireannan an dèidh troighe tròicèich
troigh f
foregrounded a ro-ionadaichte (foreground, réamhionad m)foreign n coimheach. ~ languages, cànain choimheachform n 1 cruth m, pl —an. Features of ~ and content, feartan cruth is susbaint
2 riochd m, pl —an. The ~ of the noun, riochd an ainmeir. Dependent ~, riochd eisimeileach. Independent ~, riochd neo-eisimeileach. ~ classes, clasaichean riochd
3 foirm f. ~ word n phr facal foirm
gné f, leagann m, foirm f
formal a foirmeil. ~ grammar, gràmar foirmeil. ~ and informal style, stoidhle fhoirmeil agus neo-fhoirmeil. Substantive and ~ universals, uile-choitcheannan susbainteach agus foirmeil
foirmiúil
formant n foirmeant f, pl —an. First ~, ciad fhoirmeant. ~ chart, cairt fhoirmeantanformation n co-dhèanamh m, gen -aimh. Inflectional ~, co-dhèanamh in-fhillteach.
Compound ~, co-dhèanamh co-fhillidhdéanamh m, cruthú m, déanmhas m
formative n foirmeadach m, gen -aichformula n foirmle f, pl -ichean. This may be represented by the formula, formulae,
faodar seo a riochdachadh leis an fhoirmle, leis na foirmlicheanfoirmle f
fortis n fortis f, pl fortesfortition n neartachadh m, gen -aidh. ~ and lenition, neartachadh agus sèimheachadhfossilised a. ~ form, riochd neo-shaor, riochd glaisteframe n frèama m, pl —icheanfree a saor. ~ and bound forms, riochdan saor agus ceangailte. ~ relative clause, clàsa
dàimheach saor. ~ stress accent, aiceann beuma saor. ~ variation, caochlaideachd shaor. ~ word order, òrdagh fhaclan saor
French pr n (lang) Fraingis f an Fhraincis ffrequency n minigeachd f, pl —an. Fundamental ~, minigeachd bhunasach minicíocht ffrequentative (FREQ) 1 a minigeach. ~ inflection, in-fhilleadh minigeach
2 n minigeach m, gen & pl -ichfricative 1 a suathach. ~ consonant, consan suathach, consan suathaidh
2 n suathach m, gen & pl -aich. Labiodental ~ suathach bile-dheudach. Groove ~, suathach caol-eagach. Slit ~, suathach leathann-eagach
cuimilteach (m)
friction n (ling) suathadh m, gen -aidh cuimilt ffrictionless continuant n phr leanmhainneach m gun suathadh, gen & pl leanmhainnich
gun suathadhFrisian pr n (lang) Freaslainnis f Freaslainnis ffront n beul m, gen & pl beòil. ~ of the tongue, beul na teangaidhfront a. ~ vowel n phr fuaimreag f bheulaibh. ~ palatal, palatach beulaibh tosaigh m gsfront v tr cuir chun a’ bheulaibh, vn cur m chun a’ bheulaibh. The vowel is ~ed, tha an
fhuaimreag air a cur chun a’ bheulaibhfronting n cur m chun a’ bheulaibh
fugitive a teichmheach. Lip-spread is in general sporadic and ~, ’ s ann sporadach, teichmheach a tha sgaoilteachd-lipean sa chumantas
full stop n phr 1 puing f stad, pl puingean stad. Pupils will learn that capitals and ~ ~s make the meaning clear to readers, bidh a’ chlann ag ionnsachadh gu bheil ceann-litrichean agus puingean stad a’ soilleireachadh brìgh do luchd-leughaidh
lánstad m
full word n facal m iomlan, gen facail iomlain, pl facail iomlan. ~ ~s and form words, facail iomlan agus facail foirme
function n 1 fuincsean m, gen -ein, pl —an. Direct object ~, fuincsean mar oibseig dhìreach. Classificatory ~, fuincsean seòrsachail. Contrastive ~, fuincsean co-chontrarrach. Descriptive ~, fuincsean tuairisgealach
2 gnìomh m, gen —a, pl —an. Syllable and root will be used in discussion which centres on individual words, their origins, meanings and ~s, cleachdar lide agus freumh ann am beachdachadh air faclan fa leth agus air co às an tàinig iad, air dè as ciall daibh agus dè as gnìomh dhaibh
feidhm f, fónamh m
functional a fuincseanail. ~ grammar, gràmar fuincseanail. ~ linguistics, cànanachas fuincseanail
feidhmiúil
functional yield, functional load, n phr luchd m fuincseanail, gen luchd fhuincseanailfunction word n phr facal m fuincsein m, gen & pl facail fhuincseinfundamental 1 a bunasach. ~ frequency, minigeachd bhunasach
2 n bunasach m, gen & pl -aich(mus) fréamhaí
22
Gàidhlig Albannach Gàidhlig Èireannach
fuse v i co-leagh, vn —adh mfused a co-leaghte. ~ exponents, co-mhìnichean co-leaghte
comhleáim, comhtháthaím
fusion n co-leaghadh m, gen -aidh comhleá m, comhtháthú mfusional a co-leaghteach. ~ language, cànan co-leaghteachfuture 1 a teachdail. The ~ tense, an tràth teachdail. ~ perfect, foirfe theachdail
2 teachdail m, pl —eanfáistineach. ~ tense, an aimsir fháistineach
GGaelic pr n Gàidhlig f. Principal teachers of G~, prìomh-thidsearan Gàidhlig
• a’ Ghàidhlig. Talking in G~, a’ bruidhinn anns a’ Ghàidhlig. In communities where G~ is rarely encountered, ann an coimhearsnachdan far nach fhaighear a’ Ghàidhlig ach ainneamh. G~ has currency in the home and the workplace, tha àite agus inbhe aig a’ Ghàidhlig anns an dachaigh agus anns an ionad-obrach
• expressed with sa Ghàidhlig. Skills in talking G~, sgilean labhairt sa Ghàidhlig. Pupils who are not fluent speakers of G~, a’ chlann nach eil fileanta sa Ghàidhlig
Common Gaelic pr n Gàidhlig f Choitcheann, gen Gàidhlig CoitchinnEarly Gaelic pr n Gàidhlig f Thràthail, gen Gàidhlig TràthailEarly Modern Gaelic pr n Nuadh-Ghàidhlig f ThràthailIrish Gaelic n phr Gàidhlig f Èireannach, gen Gàidhlig Èireannaich• Gàidhlig f na h-ÈireannManx Gaelic n phr Gàidhlig f Mhanainneach, gen Gàidhlig ManainnichMiddle Gaelic pr n Meadhan-Ghàidhlig fModern Gaelic pr n Nuadh-Ghàidhlig fOld Gaelic pr n Seann Ghàidhlig fScots Gaelic n phr Gàidhlig f Albannach, gen Gàidhlig Albannaich• Gàidhlig na h-Alba, Gàidhlig na h-Albann
Gaeilge fGaeilge f Albannach
Gaelic a Gàidhlig. To bridge the differences between the two forms of G~ education, gus a’ bheàrn a lìonadh eadar an dà sheòrsa foghlaim Ghàidhlig. G~ arts and crafts should be displayed, bu chòir ealdhain agus ciùird Ghàidhlig a thaisbeanadh
• expressed with anns a’ Ghàidhlig. Pupils’ G~ language skills and knowledge, sgilean cànain agus eòlas na cloinne anns a’ Ghàidhlig
• expressed with ann an Gàidhlig. Computer games with G~ text, geamannan coimpiutair le teacsa ann an Gàidhlig. Pupils receiving a G~ education, clann a tha a’ faighinn oideachadh ann an Gàidhlig
• expressed with na Gàidhlig. G~ culture is a key issue, ’s e prìomh chùis a tha ann an dualchas na Gàidhlig. Develop inter-relationships with the G~ community, co-cheangal ri coimhearsnachd na Gàidhlig a thoirt gu ìre. To take full advantage of G~ dialects, a’ gabhail làn chothroim air dualchainntean na Gàidhlig. The curriculum must establish the setting for the growth of appreciation in these vital areas of the G~ experience, feumaidh an clàr-teagaisg na crìochan a shuidheachadh anns am bi tuigse a’ fàs air na raointean ro-chudthromach seo de dh’fhiosrachadh na Gàidhlig
• expressed with co-cheangailte ris a’ Ghàidhlig. Making full use of opportunities for G~ activities and development, a’ dèanamh làn fheum de gach cothrom airson gnìomhan agus leasachadh co-cheangailte ris a’ Ghàidhlig
non-Gaelic a gun Ghàidhlig. To provide children from non-Gaelic backgrounds with basic oral competence in Gaelic, comas-labhairt bunaiteach a bhuileachadh air clann à àrainneachd gun Ghàidhlig
Gaelic language n phr cànain na Gàidhlig. In the G~ ~ classroom, ann an clas cànain na Gàidhlig
Gaelic learners a phr expressed with luchd-ionnsachaidh plus Gàidhlig. They may be in Gaelic Learners’ classes beginning either in P1, or in S2, faodaidh iad a bhith ann an clasaichean luchd-ionnsachaidh, agus iad a’ tòiseachadh air a’ Ghàidhlig ann am B1 no an A1
Gaelic medium n phr meadhan na Gàidhlig. Either for G~ ~ or learners, an dàrna cuid airson meadhan na Gàidhlig no airson luchd-ionnsachaidh
Gaelic-medium a phr meadhan-Gàidhlig. In the case of children entering a G~ school who are not fluent Gaelic speakers, a thaobh clann aig nach eil Gàidhlig fhileanta nuair a thig iad do sgoil mheadhan-Gàidhlig
• expressed with tro mheadhan na Gàidhlig. Who are in G~ classes, a tha ann an clasaichean tro mheadhan na Gàidhlig. Such pupils may be receiving a G~ education, faodaidh an leithid seo de chloinn a bhith ’gan oideachadh tro mheadhan na Gàidhlig. G~ education is a new initiative, is e iomairt ùr a tha ann am foghlam tro mheadhan na Gàidhlig
• expressed with tro Ghàidhlig or tron Ghàidhlig. G~ education, foghlam tro Ghàidhlig. Who have not followed a G~ or similar programme, nach d’fhuair oideachadh tron Ghàidhlig no a leithid sin
23
Gàidhlig Albannach Gàidhlig Èireannach
• expressed with Gàidhlig. Practice in G~ schools varies, tha caochladh dhòighean a’ dol anns na sgoiltean Gàidhlig
• expressed with a tha ag obair tro mheadhan na Gàidhlig. Teaching resources for G~ schools, goireasan-teagaisg airson sgoiltean a tha ag obair tro mheadhan na Gàidhlig
• expressed with anns a bheil an t-oideachadh tro mheadhan na Gàidhlig. Assessment in G~ schools, measadh airson sgoiltean anns a bheil an t-oideachadh tro mheadhan na Gàidhlig
• expressed with oidich tro Ghàidhlig v phr, vn oideachadh tro Ghàidhlig. For G~ pupils, airson clann a tha ’gan oideachadh tro Ghàidhlig
Gaelic speaker n phr neach-bruidhne m Gàidhlig, gen neach-bhruidhne Gàidhlig, pl luchd-bruidhne Gàidhlig. In meetings with G~ ~s in his constituency, ann an coinneamhan le luchd-bruidhne na Gàidhlig san roinn-thaghaidh aige
Gaelic-speaking a phr expressed with na Gàidhlig. The G~ world, saoghal na Gàidhlig. Half of the G~ population, dàrna leth sluagh na Gàidhlig. The socio-economic reasons for the dispersal of G~ people to the Commonwealth, na h-adhbhair shòise-eacanomaigeach a chuir sgapadh air sluagh na Gàidhlig don Cho-Fhlaitheas
• expressed with aig a bheil Gàidhlig or a’ Ghàidhlig. Educators will require to equip G~ pupils with the skills necessary, bidh e mar uallach air luchd-oideachaidh clann aig a bheil Gàidhlig uidheamachadh leis na sgilean a dh’fheumas iad. To reinforce the existing skills of Gaelic speaking children, neartachadh a dhèanamh air sgilean a tha a-cheana aig clann aig a bheil a’ Ghàidhlig
• expressed with sa Ghàidhlig. For fluent G~ pupils, do chloinn a tha fileanta sa Ghàidhlig
• expressed with Gàidhlig. Exploring the images of G~ communities will provide a basis for later work, bidh rannsachadh air na h-ìomhaighean de choimhearsnachdan Gàidhlig na bhunait do dh’obair a nithear a-rithist. In communities which are G~ or, at the other extreme, in communities where Gaelic is rarely encountered, ann an coimhearsnachdan Gàidhlig no, ann an suidheachadh tur eadar-dhealaichte, ann an coimhearsnachdan far nach fhaighear a’ Ghàidhlig ach ainneamh
gaelicise v tr cuir an riochd Gàidhliggaelicised a. The name has been ~, tha riochd Gàidhlig air a chur air an ainm
gaelicisation n. A ~ of the Scots name, riochd Gàidhlig air an ainm am Beurla na h-Albagapping n (ling) expressed with gleus-cainnte m beàrnach (air a’ ghnìomhair)Gaulish pr n (lang) Gaillis fgeminate, geminated, a càraideach, càraidichte. ~ consonant, consan càraideach dúbailtegemination n càraideachadh m, gen -aidh dúblú mgender n gnè f. Feminine ~, gnè bhoireanta. Masculine ~, gnè fhireanta. Neuter ~, gnè
neodrach. Grammatical ~, gnè ghràmadachinscne f
generalisation n ginearalachadh m, gen -aidh, pl -aidhean ginearálú mgeneralise v i ginearailich, vn ginearalachadh m
generalised a ginearalaichte. ~ use of the dative form of the feminine singular adjective, cleachdadh ginearalaichte air riochd tabhartach a’ bhuadhair bhoireanta shingilte
generation n (ling) gineadh m, gen -idh. ~ of forms, gineadh riochdangenerative a (ling) ginearadach. ~ dialectology, dualchainnt-eòlas ginearadach. ~
grammar, gràmar ginearadach. ~ phonology, fòn-eòlas ginearadach. ~ semantics, seimeantaig ginearadach
giniúnach
generic 1 a ginearach. ~ and specific elements, eileamaidean ginearach agus sònraichte. ~ reference, tar-iomradh ginearach. ~ statement, aithris ghinearach. ~ term, briathar ginearach
2 n ginearach m, gen & pl -aich
aicmeach. ~ term, téarma aicmeach
genetic a gin-eòlach. ~ classification, seòrsachadh gin-eòlachgenitive (GEN) 1 a ginideach. The ~ case, an tuiseal ginideach
2 n ginideach m, gen & pl -ich. Objective ~, ginideach oibseigeachginideach (m)
genre n gnè f. “Genre” is a term used to describe a property of texts, that each text belongs to a group, or set, of texts with which it shares common features, tha “Gnè” air a chleachdadh gus iomradh a dhèanamh air nàdar theacsaichean, a’ comharrachadh gum buin a h-uile teacsa do bhuidheann theacsaichean agus gu bheil dòighean ann sa bheil e coltach riutha sin
genuine a fìorachGeorgian pr n (lang) Geòirgis fGerman pr n 1 (lang) Gearmailtis f
High German pr n Gearmailtis f UachdarachLow German pr n Gearmailtis f Ìochdarach
Gearmáinis f(ling) Low German, Gearmáinis f íochtarach
Germanic 1 a Gearmaineach. G~ languages, cànain Ghearmaineach2 n Gearmainis f
a Gearmánach, Gearmándan Gearmándais
24
Gàidhlig Albannach Gàidhlig Èireannach
gerund (GERUND) n geireann m, gen -inn, pl —an geireann mgerundive (GERUND) 1 n geireannach m, gen & pl -aich
2 a geireannacha geireannach
Gesamtbedeutung n Gesamtbedeutung mgesture n 1 gluasad m, gen -aid, pl —an. Articulatory ~, gluasad altachail. Tongue-tip ~,
gluasad bàrr-theangaidh2 gluasad-bodhaig m, pl gluasadan-bodhaig. She will recognise ~s and eye contact,
aithnichidh i gluasadan-bodhaig agus glacadh-sùla
comhartha m
gingival a càireanach• gingibheach
(gingiva n dranndal m, gingibhe f)
glide n sleamhnan m, gen & pl -ain (ling) sleamhnán m, sleamhnóg fglobal a co-iomlangloss n gluais f, pl —ean gluais fglossary n briathradair m, pl —ean gluais fglottal a glotasach. Glottal stop, consan dùinte glotasach. ~ reinforcement, ath-
neartachadh glotasachglotasach. Glottal stop, stop glotais, scornain
glottalic a glotasail. ~ airstream mechanism, uidheam sruth-èadhair glotasail. ~ theory, teòiridh ghlotasail
glottalise v tr glotasaich, vn -achadh mglottalised a glotasaichte
glottalisation n glotasachadh m, gen -aidhglottis n glotas m, gen glotais glotas mglottochronology n glota-chron-eòlas m, gen -ais glotochróneolaíocht fgnomic a nomaigeachgoal n bàir f. Actor and ~, gnìomhaiche agus bàirGod’s truth a phr fìrinn Dè. God’s truth phonemes, fòineimean fìrinn DèGoidelic a Goídelach. G~ branch, meur Goídelach. Brittonic and G~, Brittonach agus
GoídealachGothic pr n (lang) Gotais f Gotais fgovern v tr (gram) riaghail, vn riaghladh m. This preposition ~s the genitive case, tha an
roimhear seo a’ riaghladh an tuiseil ghinidich• also This preposition ~s the genitive case, tha an roimhear seo a’ cur an ainmeir
don tuiseal ghinideach
A verb which ~s the dative, briathar a rialaíonn an tuiseal tabharthach ; briathar a leanann tuiseal tabharthach é
government n riaghladh m, gen -aidhgovernor n riaghladair m, pl —ean rialtóir mgradation n ceumadh m, gen -aidh. Vowel ~, ceumadh fhuaimreag (ling) Vowel ~, grádaíocht f gutaígrade n ìre f, pl —an. ~ of comparison, ìre choimeis céim m, grád m, rang mgradience n ceumachas m, gen -aisgradual opposition n phr comhaireachd m cheumnach, gen comhaireachd ceumnaich, pl
comhaireachdan ceumnach(gradual a céimseach, dréimreach, céim ar chéim)
grammar n gràmar m, gen -air. A selection of terms referring to the words, ~ and sounds of the language, taghadh de bhriathran a bhuineas do dh’fhaclan, do ghràmar agus do dh’fhuaimean na cànain. ~ book, leabhar gràmair
categorial grammar n phr gràmar m catagarailfunctional grammar n phr gràmar m fuincseanailMontague grammar n phr gràmar m Mhontaguereference grammar n phr lorg-ghràmar mrelational grammar n phr gràmar m dàimhealachdtransformational grammar n phr gràmar tar-iomlaideach
gramadach f. ~ book, graiméar m
grammatical a gràmadach. ~ agreement, co-aontas gràmadach. ~ ambiguity, dà-sheaghachas gràmadach. ~ case, tuiseal gràmadach. ~ category, catagaraidh gràmadach. ~ meaning, ciall ghràmadach. ~ morpheme, moirfeim gràmadach. ~ relation, dàimh ghràmadach. ~ subject, suibseig ghràmadach. ~ word, facal gràmadach
• a bhuineas do ghràmar. Teachers need to introduce pupils to the ~, literary and other technical terms of language, feumaidh na tidsearan a’ chlann a chur an aithne nam briathran cànain a bhuineas do ghràmar, do litreachas agus an leithid sin
• expressed with gràmar m. The confidence and the need to communicate are more important than absolute ~ accuracy, tha misneach ann an conaltradh, agus am feum air conaltradh a dhèanamh, nas cudthromaiche na an gràmar a bhith uile gu lèir gun mhearachd
grammatically adv gu gràmadach. ~ conditioned, cumhaichte gu gràmadach
gramadúilde réir gramadaí
grammaticalisation n gràmadachadh m, gen -aidhgrammaticalised a gràmadaichtegrammaticality n gràmadachd fgraphic medium n phr meadhan m grafach, gen meadhain ghrafaichgrave a trom. ~ accent, sràc throm (gram) ~ accent, graif fGreek pr n (lang) Grèigis f Gréigis f
25
Gàidhlig Albannach Gàidhlig Èireannach
Greenlandic pr n (lang) Graonlainnis fgroove fricative n phr suathach m caol-eagach, gen suathaich chaol-eagaich. pl suathaich
chaol-eagachgroup n còmhlan m, gen & pl -ain. Stress ~, còmhlan bheumannan. Svarabhakti ~,
còmhlan svarabhaktiguna n guna mguttural a = velar a, q.v.
Hhabitual a sìor-ghnàthach. ~ aspect, aogas sìor-ghnàthach. ~ present, làthaireach sìor-
ghnàthach. Past ~tense, tràth caithte sìor-ghnàthachgnáth, gnách. ~ present, gnáthláithreach
half-close a leth-dhùinte. Half-close vowel, fuaimreag leth-dhùintehalf-open a leth-fhosgailte. Half-open vowel, fuaimreag leth-fhosgailtehapax legomenon n hapax legomenon m & fhaplology n haipleòlas m, gen -aishard palate n phr glainean m cruaidh, gen glainein chruaidhharmonic 1 a (a) àrmanach. ~ tones, tònaichean àrmanach
(b) co-fhuaimneach. ~ vowels, fuaimreagan co-fhuaimneach2 n àrmanach m, gen & pl -aich. First ~, ciad àrmanach
a & s armónach (m)
harmony n co-fhuaimneachd f. Vowel ~, co-fhuaimneachd fhuaimreaghash mark (#) n phr = double cross n phr, q.v.head n ceann m, gen & pl cinn. ~ of a phrase, ceann abairt. ~ marking, comharrachadh
cinn. ~ noun, ainmear cinnceann m, roinn f. ~ noun, ainmfhocal cinn
hearer n èistear m, gen -eir, pl —an. ~s and addressees, èistearan agus luchd-amais éisteóir mheavy a trom. Heavy noun phrase, abairt ainmearach throm. ~ syllable, lide trom tromHebrew pr n (lang) Eabhra f, Eabhrais f an Eabhraishedge n leth-taobhadh m, gen -aidh (hedge v i téim i leataobh)hendiadys n einneadais f einniad mheptameter n heiptimeadar m, gen & pl -air heiptiméadar mhermeneutics n eirmeineòtaig mhesitation n stadaich f. Speech ~, stadaich chainnte braiteoireacht fhesitation form n phr riochd m stadach, pl riochdan stadachhesternal a eisteirneil. ~ tense, tràth eisteirneilheterogeneous a heitrigineach ilchineálachheterogloss n heitreaglos m, pl —anheterorganic a heitre-altaichte. ~ and homorganic consonants, consain heitre-altaichte
agus homa-altaichteheterosyllabic a heitreilideach. ~ vowels, fuaimreagan heitreilideachheuristic a 1 eòraisteach
2 eòraisteach m, gen -ichhexameter n heicsimeadar m, gen & pl -air heicsiméadar mhieratic a hiaraiteach. ~ and demotic, hiaraiteach agus deamaiteachhiatus n hiatas m, gen -ais hiatas m, séanas mHibernicism n. H~s in their speech, buaidh Beurla na h-Èireann air a’ chainnt aca (ling) GaelachasHiberno-English pr n Beurla f na h-ÈireannHiberno-Latin pr n Laideann f na h-Èireannhierarchical a rangach cliarlathachhierarchy n rangachd f, pl —an cliarlathas m, ordlathas mhieroglyphics a hiaraiglifean f pl iaraiglifi f plhigh a àrd. ~ tone, tòna àrd. ~ vowel n phr fuaimreag àrd ardHindi pr n (language) Indig fhistorical, historic, a 1 eachdraidheil
historical linguistics n phr cànanachas m eachdraidheil, gen cànanachais eachdraidheil
stairiúil
historic present n phr làthaireach m eachdraidheil, gen làthairich eachdraidheilhocus pocus a phr na sgoile duibhe. ~ ~ phonemes, fòineimean na sgoile duibhehodiernal a oideirneil. ~ tense, tràth oideirneilholistic a co-iomlanholokinetic a uile-ghluasadach uileghluaisteachholophrase n holabairt f, pl —eanhomogeneous a homaigineach
• aon-ghnèitheachaonchineálach, homaigineach
homograph n homagraf m, pl —an comhghraf mhomonym n homanaim m, gen & pl —ean comhainm mhomonymy n homanaimidh f. Full ~, làn-homanaimidh comhainmneachas m. Full ~, lán-
chomhainmneachas m
26
Gàidhlig Albannach Gàidhlig Èireannach
homophone n hom-fhuaimear m, gen -eir, pl —an téarma comhfhuaimneachhomophony n hom-fhuaimearas m, gen -ais comhfhuaimneachas mhomorganic a hom-altaichte. ~ nasal consonant, consan srònach hom-altaichte homorganach. ~ consonant, consan
homorganach, consan gaoilhonorific (HON) a urramach urramach, ómósachhortative a (ling) earalach. ~ mood, modh earalachhost n òstach m, gen & pl -aich. ~ and clitic, òstach agus claonan (òstach m)human a daonna daonnahumorous a àbhachdach greannmhar, barrúilHungarian pr n (lang) Ungairis f an Ungáiris fhybrid word n phr facal m cros-chinealach, gen facail chros-chinealaich, pl facail chros-
chinealachhybrid a & s croschineálach (m), crossíolrach (m)
hydronym n hiodranaim m, pl —eanhypallage n hiopalaige fhyperbole n àibheiseachadh m, gen -aidh. The bard is of course using ~ here, tha e
soilleir gu bheil am bàrd ri àibheiseachadh an seourtheilgean m
hypercorrect a ro-cheart forchearthypercorrection n ro-cheartachadh m, gen -aidh, pl -aidhean forcheartúhypernym n hipearnaim m, pl —eanhypernymy n hipearnaimidh fhyphen n sgrìob-cheangail f, pl sgrìoban-ceangail
• tàthan m, gen & pl -ainfleiscín m
hypocorism n meas-ainm m, pl —eanhypocoristic a meas-ainmeachhyponym n hiopanaim m, pl —eanhyponymy n hiopanaimidh fhypotaxis n (= subordination n) hiopataicis f (= fo-inbheachd f)hypothesis n hipiteis f, pl —ean. ~ test, deuchainn hipiteise. Null ~, neoni-hipiteis hipitéis f. ~ test, triail hipitéisehypothesise v i hipiteisich, vn -eachadh m
• (familiar) barailich, vn -eachadh m. You are only hypothesising, chan eil thu ach a’ baraileachadh
hypothetical a hipiteiseach• (familiar) baralach
hipitéiseach
hypothetico-deductive method n phr dòigh f hipiteise-dheaductachhysterokinetic a iar-ghluasadach iarghluaisteachhysteron proteron n hysteron proteron m & f
Iiambic a iambach. ~ foot, troigh iambach. We should simply have ~ feet throughout the
whole song, ’s e dìreach troighean iambach a bhitheadh againn tron òran air fadiambach
iambus n iamb m, pl —an iamb mIcelandic pr n (lang) Ìoslainnis f an Íoslainnis ficonic a ìceanachiconicity n ìceanachd fidea n idèaidealism n idèalachas m, gen -ais. ~ and materialism, idèalachas agus adhbharachasideation n idèadh m, gen idèidhideational a idèach. ~ meaning, ciallachadh idèach (idea n idé)identical a ionann, co-ionann
• ionannachionann, comhionann
identify v tr ionannaich, vn ionannachadh midentifying a ionannachaidh m gen. ~ imperative, àithneach ionannachaidh
identity n 1 ionannachd f. Sloppy ~, ionannachd luideach2 (of persons) fèin-aithneachadh m, gen -aidh
ionannas m
ideogram n idèagram m, gen -aim, pl —anidiolect n leitheaschainnt f, pl -eanidiolectal a leitheaschainnteach. ~ variation, caochlaideachd leitheaschainnteachidiom n gnàthas-cainnt m, gen gnàthais-chainnt, pl gnàthasan-cainnt. ~ chunk, bloigh
ghnàthais-chainntcanúint f, teilgean m cainte, nath m cainte
idiomatic a gnàthasach. ~ Gaelic, Gàidhlig ghnàthasach• expressed with gnàthas-cainnt m, pl gnàthasan-cainnt. Pupils will use language with
some grasp of ~ expressions, bidh a’ chlann a’ cleachdadh cànain agus tomhas de ghreim a bhith aca air gnàthasan-cainnt. In ~ and proverbial sayings, ann an gnàthasan-cainnte ’s ann an seanfhaclan
canúnach, de réir ghnàthchainte
idiosyncratic a sònraichte. The plural declension of adjectives is ~, tha dì-chlaonadh sònraichte air na buadhairean iolra
27
Gàidhlig Albannach Gàidhlig Èireannach
idyll n ìdil f ídil fillative (ILL) 1 a ileatach. ~ case, tuiseal ileatach
2 n ileatach m, gen -aichill-formed a an-chruthachillocutionary a in-labhairteach. ~ speech act, gnìomh-cainnt in-labhairteachimitate v tr atharrais (air), vn atharrais f (air). Real models of effective Gaelic whose
features they can explore, ~ or adapt to suit their needs, eisimpleirean dligheach de Ghàidhlig dhòigheil a dh’fhaodas iad a rannsachadh no atharrais orra no atharrachadh mar as fheàrr a fhreagras orra fhèin
déanaim aithris (ar)
imitation n atharrais f. In poetry writing ~ of specific forms can be demonstrated and explored, ann an sgrìobhadh bàrdachd faodar atharrais air modhan sònraichte a thaisbeanadh agus a rannsachadh
aithris f
immediate a 1 neo-mheadhanach. Immediate constituents, co-adhbhair neo-mheadhanach. In ~ contact with, ann an co-thadhal neo-mheadhanach ri
2 aithghearr. Immediate tense, tràth aithghearr
cóngarach ; neamh-mheánach
imparisyllabic a neo-cho-lideach. ~ noun, ainmear neo-cho-lideachimperative (IMP) 1 a (gram) àithneach. ~ mood, modh àithneach
2 àithneach m, gen & pl -ichordaitheach. The ~ (mood), an modh ordaitheach
imperfect (IMPF) 1 a neo-fhoirfe. ~ tense, tràth neo-fhoirfe2 neo-fhoirfe f, pl —animperfectly a gu neo-fhoirfe. In this verse there is rhyme between
“dhiumb : bùrn”, and, ~, “shaoileas”, anns an rainn seo tha comhardadh eadar “dhiumb : bùrn”, agus, gu neo-fhoirfe, “shaoileas”
neo-fhoirfe. Imperfect (tense), (aimsir) neo-fhoirfegnáchaite a
imperfective (IMPERF) 1 a neo-fhoirfeach. ~ aspect, aogas neo-fhoirfeach2 neo-fhoirfeach m, gen & pl -ich
impersonal (IMPERS) a neo-phearsanta. The ~ voice, an guth neo-phearsanta. ~ passive, fulangach neo-phearsanta
neamhphearsanta. ~ verb, briathar neamhphearsanta
implicate v tr (logic) implich, vn -eachadh mimplication n (logic) impleachd f
(familiar) buaidh f. Listening has ~s for speech development, tha buaidh aig èisteachd air leasachadh cainnte
impleacht f
implicational a impleachdail. ~ scale, sgèile impleachdail. ~ universal, uile-choitcheann impleachdail
implicature n impleachdas m, gen -aisimplicit a implichte. ~ly and explicitly reflexive, ath-fhillteach gu h-implichte agus gu h-
eisplichteintuigthe, impleachtaithe
implosive 1 a in-phleasgach2 n in-phleasgach m, gen & pl -aich. Bilabial ~, in-phleasgach dà-bhileach
imprecative n mallachdach m, gen & pl -aichimpressionistic transcription n phr tar-sgrìobhadh m co-thuairmseach (impressionistic, impriseanaíoch)impure vowel n fuaimreag f neo-shlàn. Pure and ~ vowels, fuaimreagan slàna agus neo-
shlàninalienable possession n phr sealbhachadh m do-dhealaichteinaudible a do-chluinntinn. ~ release, fuasgladh do-chluinntinn dochloisteincentive n adhbhar m, gen & pl -air. Morphological ~s are sometimes discernible,
aithnichear uaireannan gur e nithean morf-eòlach as adhbharinceptive a = inchoative a, q.v.inchoative a (ling) tòiseachail. ~ aspect, aogas tòiseachail (briathar) tionscantachincidence n co-thricead m, gen -eid. Lexical ~ of phonemes, co-thricead leicseachail
fhòineimeanminicíocht f
incisor n clàr-fhiacail f, gen -cla, pl -claninclusion n co-àireamh f, gen -eimh cur m san áireamh, cur m sa
chomhaireamh, comhaireamh m, áireamh m
inclusive a co-àireamhach. ~ pronoun, riochdair co-àireamhach. ~ units, aonadan co-àireamhach
incommensurability n do-cho-thomhasachd fincommensurable a do-cho-thomhais dochomhthomhaisteincompatibility n neo-cho-fhreagarrachd fincorporation n in-chorpachadh m, gen -aidh comhshnaidhmeadh mincorporating language n phr cànan m in-chorpachaidh, gen & pl cànain in-chorpachaidhincorrect a mì-cheart mícheartindeclinable a do-dhì-chlaonaidh. ~ noun, ainmear do-dhì-chlaonaidh (gram) dodhíochlaontaindefinite a neo-chinnteach. ~ article, alt neo-chinnteach. ~ pronoun, riochdair neo-
chinnteach. ~ noun phrase, abairt ainmearach neo-chinnteach. ~ reference, tar-iomradh neo-chinnteach
éiginnte, neamhshonrach. Past ~, aimsir chaite éiginnte. ~ pronoun, forainm éiginnte
independent a neo-eisimeileach. ~ clause, clàsa neo-eisimeileach. ~ form, riochd neo- neamhspléach
28
Gàidhlig Albannach Gàidhlig Èireannach
eisimeileach. ~ verb, gnìomhair neo-eisimeileachindependent motivation n phr adhbharachadh m neo-eisimeileach, gen adhbharachaidh
neo-eisimeilichindeterminacy n neo-chinnteachas m, gen -aisindeterminate, indeterminated a neo-chinntichte. Indeterminated nominal phrase,
abairt ainmearach neo-chinntichteneamhchinntithe
Indian a 1 Innseanach. I~ languages, cànain InnseanachAmerican Indian mod Innseanach Ameireagaidh. A~ I~ languages, cànain
Innseanach Ameireagaidh
IndiachIndiach-Mheiriceánach
indicative (IND) 1 a taisbeanach. The ~ mood, am modh taisbeanach2 taisbeanach m, gen & pl -aich
táscach. ~ (mood), (modh) táscach m
indices n pl in-chomharran m plindirect a neo-dhìreach. ~ anaphora, anafora neo-dhìreach. ~ object, oibseig neo-
dhìreach. ~ question, ceist neo-dhìreach. ~ relative phrase, abairt dhàimheach neo-dhìreach. ~ speech, còmhradh neo-dhìreach. ~ speech-act, gnìomh cainnte neo-dhìreach
~ speech, insint neamhdhíreach
Indo-European a Ind-Eòrpach. I~ languages, cànain Ind-Eòrpach Ind-EorpachIndo-Iranic a Ind-Iaraineach. I~ languages, cànain Ind-Iaraineachinduction n (logic) ionductadh m, gen -aidh (logic) ionduchtú minductive a ionductach. ~ and deductive logic, lòidsig ionductach agus dhèaductach. ~
inference, foidheam ionductachdéaduchtach
inessive (INESS) 1 a ineiseach. ~ case, tuiseal ineiseach2 n ineiseach m, gen & pl -ich.
infection n truailleadh m, gen -idh. u-infection, u-thruailleadhinfectum n infectum minfelicitous a (of word, expression) neo-eirmseach. ~ expression, ràdh neo-eirmseach. ~
language, cainnt neo-eirmseachmíthráthúil
inference n foidheam m, gen -eim. Inductive, deductive, ~, foidheam ionductach, deaductach
(logic) infeireas m
inferential a foidheamail. ~ inflection, in-fhilleadh foidheamailinfinitive (INF) 1 a (gram ; also infinitival) neo-fhinideach. Infinitive mood, modh neo-
fhinideach. Infinitival clause, clàsa neo-fhinideach2 n neo-fhinideach m, gen & pl -ich
(modh) infinideach
infix n in-leasachan m, gen & pl -ain inmhír finfixed a in-leasaichte intáiteinflect v tr in-fhill, vn —eadh m
inflected a in-fhillteinfhillim (focal)
inflecting a in-fhillidh. ~ language, cànan in-fhillidhinflection n in-fhilleadh m, gen -idh, pl -idhean infhilleadh minflectional a in-fhillteach. ~ class, clas in-fhillteach. ~ affix, co-leasachan in-fhillteach. ~
morphology, morf-eòlas in-fhillteach. Derivational and ~ affixes, co-leasachain bhunachail agus in-fhillteach. ~ ending, deireadh-facail in-fhillteach
infhillte
informal a neo-fhoirmeil neamhfhoirmiúilinformant n neach-fiosrachaidh m, pl luchd-fiosrachaidh faisnéiseoir minformation n fiosrachadh m, gen -aidh. Phonologically ~ information, fiosrachadh a tha
buntainneach gu fòn-eòlach. Redundant ~, fiosrachadh os-barrasachinformation theory n phr teòiridh f fhiosrachaidhingressive a in-imeachail. ~ air stream, sruth èadhair in-imeachailinherent feature n phr feart m in-ghnèitheach, pl feartan in-ghnèitheachinitial a 1 tòiseachail. ~ mutation, mùthadh tòiseachail. ~ and final, tòiseachail agus
deireannach2 aig toiseach facail. ~ mutation, mùthadh aig toiseach facail. ~ and final, aig
toiseach facail agus aig deireadh facail
~ mutation, athrú m tosaigh
initiation n tionnsgnadh m, gen -aidh. Air-stream ~, tionnsgnadh sruth-èadhairinjunctive 1 a in-leantach. ~ form, riochd in-leantach
2 n in-leantach m, gen & pl -aichinnate a in-nàdarra dúchasach, inbheirtheinnateness n in-nàdarrachd. ~ hypothesis, hipiteis na h-in-nàdarrachdinnovation n nuadhas m, gen & pl -ais. ~ and conservatism, nuadhas agus glèidhteachd nuacht f, athrú m nuainnovatory a nuadhasach nuálachinorganic a neo-organach. ~ -th- is used to mark hiatas, tha -th- neo-organach ga
chleachdadh gus hiatas a chomharrachadhin pausa adv in pausainseparable a do-sgaraichte. ~ prefix, ro-leasachan do-sgaraichteinstantaneous a làithreach. The non-habitual or ~ present, an tràth làthaireach neo-
shìor-ghnàthach no làithreachinstrumental 1 a innealach. ~ case, tuiseal innealach
2 n innealach m, gen & pl -aichuirliseach
29
Gàidhlig Albannach Gàidhlig Èireannach
integration n in-aonachadh m, gen -aidhintellect n inntleachd f, pl —an intleacht fintellectual a inntleachdail intleachtúilintelligible a so-thuigsinn. Mutually ~, so-thuigsinn do chèile
• tuigseanta. Mutually ~, eadar-thuigseantaintensifier n (gram) co-neartaichear m, gen -eir, pl —anintensify v tr co-neartaich, vn -achadh m
intensifying a co-neartachaidh. ~ inflection, in-fhilleadh co-neartachaidhgéaraím, neartaím
intension n (logic) cuimse fintensional a (logic) cuimseilintensive a (gram) 1 co-neartachail a. ~ aspect, aogas co-neartachail. ~ prefix, ro-
leasachan co-neartachail2 in-leudachaidh. ~ verb, gnìomhair in-leudachaidh. ~ complement, coileanadh in-
leudachaidh
neartaitheach
interchangeability n eadar-mhalairteachd finterdental a eadar-dheudachinterdependence n eadar-eisimeileachd finterdependent a eadar-eisimeileach spleách le chéileinterference n eadar-ghabhail m idirghabháil f. (Physics, wireless
telegraphy) trasnaíocht finterfix n eadar-leasachan m, gen & pl -ainintergenerational a eadar-ghinealaich mod. ~ mother-tongue transmission, tar-chur a’
chànain mhàthaireil eadar-ghinealaichinterjection n clisgear m, gen -eir, pl —an agall m, intriacht finternal a in-mheadhanach. ~ causes, adhbhair in-mheadhanach. ~ history, eachdraidh in-
mheadhanach. ~ reconstruction, ath-chruthachadh in-mheadhanach. ~ sandhi, sandhi in-mheadhanach. ~ syntax, co-chàradh in-mheadhanach
inmheánach
International Phonetic Alphabet, Aibidil f Fhogharach Eadar-nàiseantainterpersonal a eadar-phearsanta. ~ function, fuincsean eadar-phearsantainterpolation n eadar-shuidheachadh m, gen -aidh, pl -aidheaninterpolate v tr eadar-shuidhich, vn eadar-shuidheachadh minterpretant n eadar-mhìneant m, pl —aninterpretive a eadar-mhìneachailinterrogative (INTERROG) 1 a ceisteach. ~ pronoun, roimhear ceisteach. ~ particle,
mion-fhacal ceisteach. ~ tag, taga cheisteach2 ceisteach m, gen & pl -ich. Polar ~, ceisteach pòlarach
ceisteach. ~ pronoun, forainm ceisteach
intervention n eadar-ghabhail m, gen -alach, pl -alaichean. Linguistic ~, eadar-ghabhail cànanach
idirghabháil f
intervocalic a eadar-fhuaimreagach. ~consonant, consan eadar-fhuaimreagach idir dhá ghuta, idirghuthachintonation n (ling) in-tònachd f tuin fintra-dialectal a eadra-dhualchainnteach. ~ variation, caochlaideachd eadra-
dhualchainnteachintransitive (INTRANS) 1 a neo-aisigeach. ~ verb, gnìomhair neo-aisigeach
2 neo-aisigeach m, gen & pl-ichneamhaistreach
intransitive preposition n phr roimhear m neo-aisigeach, gen roimheir neo-aisigich, pl roimhearan neo-aisigeach
intransitiviser n neo-aisigiche m, pl —anintrinsic a intreach. ~ and extrinsic allophones, alafonan intreach agus eistreach. ~ pitch,
tòn-àirde intreacheistreach
intrusive a sàithteach. Intrusive r, r shàithteach (ling) sáiteachintuition n imfhios m imfhios mintuitive a imfhiosach imfhiosachinvariable a neo-atharrachail. ~ word, facal neo-atharrachail. This noun is ~ in the
singular, tha an t-ainmear seo neo-atharrachail san t-singiltedo-athraithe
invariant a do-atharraichte. The distinctive features must remain ~, feumaidh na feartan eadar-sgarach mairsinn do-atharraichte
inventory n liosta (-iomlan) f. Phoneme ~, liosta-iomlan de dh’fhòineimean liosta minverse a iom-thionntaidh. ~ affix, co-leasachan iom-thionntaidh. Direct and ~ forms,
riochdan dìreach agus iom-thionntaidh. ~nominal, ainmearach iom-thionntaidhinbhéartaithe
inversion n iom-thionntadh m, gen -aidh, pl -aidhean. Rule ~, iom-thionntadh riaghailt inbhéartú minverted a iom-thionntaidh. ~ nominal, ainmearach iom-thionntaidh inbhéartaitheinverted commas n phr cromagan f pl turrachIranian a Iaraineach. I~ languages, cànain IaraineachIrish pr n (lang) Gàidhlig f Èireannach, gen Gàidhlig Èireannaich
• Gàidhlig f na h-ÈireannGaeilge f
ironic a ìorantaironically adv gu h-ìoranta, ann an dòigh ìoranta. It has to be admitted that this was
íorónta
30
Gàidhlig Albannach Gàidhlig Èireannach
said ~, feumar aideachadh gun deach seo a ràdh ann an dòigh ìorantairony n ìoranas m, gen -ais. This is a sarcastic song in which the bard makes
considerable use of ~, ’s e òran-magaidh a tha seo anns a bheil am bard a’ dèanamh tomhas mòr de dh’fheum de dh’ìoranas
íoróin f
irrealis n irrealis firregular a mì-riaghailteach, comp -iche. ~ verb, gnìomhair mì-riaghailteach. The
pattern of stresses is more ~ in Ross’ song, tha pàtran nam beumannan nas mì-riaghailtiche ann an òran Rois
neamhrialta
irrelevance n neo-bhuntainneas m gen -eis. Relevance and ~, buntainneas agus neo-bhuntainneas
neamhfheidhm f
irrelevant a neo-bhuntainneach. Relevant and ~, buntainneach agus neo-bhuntainneach deorantairreversible a do-atharrachaidh. ~ binomial, dà-fhacal do-atharrachaidh do-athraitheisland n eilean m, gen -ein, pl —anisochrony n iosacronachd f (isochronic, iosacroineach)isogloss n iosaglos m, pl —an. Bundle of ~es, pasgan de dh’iosaglosan iseaghluaisisolated opposition n phr comhaireachd m in-sònrachaidh, pl comhaireachdan in-
sònrachaidhisolating a (ling) in-sònrachaidh. ~ language, cànan in-sònrachaidhisomorphism n iosamorfachd f (isomorphic, iosamorfach)Italian pr n (lang) Eadailtis f Iodáilis fItalic 1 a Eadalach. I~ languages, cànain Eadalach
2 n Eadalais fa Iodáldan Iodáldais
italics n pl clò m eadailteach To print in ~, a chló in iodáilighiterative (a) (ling) (ITERAT) 1 a itearatach. Iterative inflection, in-fhilleadh itearatach
2 n itearatach m, gen & pl -aich(b) a iom-atharraiseach. Iterative process, pròiseas iom-atharraiseach
athráiteach
JJapanese pr n (lang) Seapainis f Seapainis fjunction n (= sandhi) co-cheangal m, gen -ail (= sandhi f)juncture n tar-cheangal m, gen -ail. Close ~, tar-cheangal dlùth. Open ~, tar-cheangal
fosgailteceangal m
jussive 1 a co-àithneach2 n co-àithneach m, gen & pl -ich
juxtaposition n co-chomhgharachd f
Kkernel mod eitneach. ~ sentence, seantans eitneach eithne fkey n gleus m, pl gleusankey word n prìomh fhacal m, gen & pl prìomh fhacailkinship n cinneadas m, gen -ais. ~ terms, briathran cinneadais. ~ system, siostam
cinneadaisKiswahili pr n (lang) Ciosuahili fkoiné n koiné mkoinéisation n koinéachadh m, gen -aidhKorean pr n (lang) CòirèisKurdish pr n (lang) Coirdis f Coirdis f
Llabelled bracketing n phr camagan f pl comharraichtelabial 1 a bileach. ~ articulation, altachadh bileach
2 n bileach m, gen & pl -ichliopach a & s m
labialisation n lipeachadh m, gen -aidhlabialise v tr bilich, vn -eachadh m
labialised a bilichtelabiodental 1 a bile-dheudach
2 n bile-dheudach m, gen & pl -aichliopadhéadach a & s m
labiovelar 1 a bile-vèilearach2 n bile-vèilearach m, gen & pl -aich
liopachoguasach
lag n maille f. Voice onset ~, maille ann an ionnsaigh ghutha moilliú mlambdacism n lambdachas m, gen -aislaminal 1 a liaghach
2 n liaghach m, gen & pl -aichlamino-alveolar 1 a liagh-ailbhealach
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Gàidhlig Albannach Gàidhlig Èireannach
2 n liagh-ailbhealach m, gen & pl -achlamino-dental 1 a liagh-dheudach
2 n liagh-dheudach m, gen & pl -aichlangage n langage flanguage n 1 cànan m, gen & pl -ain, also cànain f, pl cànanan or —ean, gen pl cànan.
Isolating ~, cànan in-sònrachaidh. As a member of the family of Celtic ~s, mar bhall de theaghlach nan cànan Ceilteach. The values and knowledge which motivate cultures are deeply intertwined in their ~s, tha na prìomh-bheachdan agus an t-eòlas a tha a’ gluasad dhualchasan a’ freumhachadh gu domhain nan cuid chànan. They will have a greater empathy with those whose ~s and cultures are different, bidh am barrachd co-fhaireachdainn aca riuthasan aig a bheil cànanan agus dualchasan a tha eadar-dhealaichte
• (ling, = “langue”) cànan m, gen & pl -ain2 cainnt f, gen —e. Learning to read is dependent upon the spoken ~ that pupils
bring to school, tha ionnsachadh leughaidh an urra ris a’ chainnt-bheòil a tha a’ chlann a’ toirt leotha don sgoil. When children will be given the opportunity to learn new ~, an uair a bheirear cothrom don chloinn cainnt ùr a thogail
• (ling, = “parole”) cainnt f, gen —e3 briathrachas m, gen -ais. Occasions when the teacher is developing pupils’
familiarity with the ~ of listening/watching, amannan a bhitheas an tidsear a’ toirt gu buil eòlas na cloinne air briathrachas èisteachd/amhairc
language mod 1 cànain. ~ registers, modhan cànain. From collaborative ~ tasks to group projects, bho obair cho-chuideachail cànain gu pròiseactan-buidhne. Some ~ attainment targets may be incapable of being fully realised, faodaidh e bhith nach gabh cuid de chuimsean cànain an coileanadh gu h-iomlan
• a thaobh cànain. Practice in Gaelic medium schools varies, reflecting this range of ~ backgrounds, tha caochladh dhòighean a’ dol anns na sgoiltean Gàidhlig mar thoradh air na tha ann de sheòrsachan shuidhichidhean a thaobh cànain
• mar chànain. Speakers and messages that employ a wide range of Gaelic ~ features, luchd-labhairt agus teachdairean a bhitheas a’ cleachdadh caochladh nithean a bhuineas don Ghàidhlig mar chànain
2 ann an cainnt. Pupils’ ~ performances will be facilitated by recording their own performances, bidh e na chuideachadh don chloinn, ann a bhith ’gan cur fhèin an cèill ann an cainnt, ma bhitheas na tha iad a’ labhairt air a chlàradh
bad language n phr droch cainnt f, gen droch cainntelanguage death n phr bàs m cànain, gen bàis cànainlanguage family n phr teaghlach-chànan m, gen teaghlaich-chànan, pl teaghlaichean-
chànanlanguage isolate n phr cànan m in-sònraichte, gen & pl cànain in-sònraichtelanguage laboratory n phr 1 obair-lann f chànain, pl obair-lannan cànain2 cainnt-lann m, gen cainnt-lainn, pl cainnt-lannanlanguage murder n phr mort m cànain, gen muirt chànainlanguage planning n phr dealbhachadh m cànain, gen dealbhachaidh chànainlanguage practice n phr cleachdadh-cainnte m, gen cleachdaidh-chainntelanguage psychology n phr sìc-eòlas cànain m, gen sìc-eòlais chànainlanguage shift n phr seaftadh-cànain m, gen seaftaidh-chànainlanguage specific a phr cànan-shònraichte. ~ ~ rule, riaghailt chànan-shònraichtelanguage suicide n phr fèin-mhort m cànain, gen fèin-mhuirt chànainlanguage system n phr siostam m cànain, gen siostaim chànain, pl siostaman cànain
teanga f, caint fbad language, droch-chaint f
langue n langue fLapp, Lappish pr n (lang) Laplainnis f Laplainnis flaryngeal a 1 = glottal a
2 laraingeachlaraingeach
laryngealised a laraingichte. ~ vowel, fuaimreag laraingichtelateral 1 a taobhach. ~ consonant, consan taobhach. ~ resonant, ath-shònach taobhach. ~
plosive, pleasgach taobhach2 taobhach m, gen & pl -aich
taobhach. ~ consonant, consan m taobhach
laterality n taobhachas m, gen -aisLatin pr n Laideann f, gen Laidinne. Vulgar L~, Gnàth-Laideann. Hiberno-Latin,
Laideann na h-Èireann(An) Laidin f
Latinate a LaideannachLatvian pr n (ling) Laitbhis f Laitvis flax a bog. ~ vowel, fuaimreag bhog. ~ and tense vowels, fuaimreagan boga agus teann ~ vowel, guta boglayering n expressed with breath f, pl —an. These clauses show ~, chithear breathan sna
clàsan seolead n ro-iomairt f. Voice onset ~, ro-iomairt ann an ionnsaigh ghuthalearnability n so-ionnsachaidheachd f
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Gàidhlig Albannach Gàidhlig Èireannach
left-branching a clì-chraobhaidh. ~ language, cànan clì-chraobhaidhleft dislocation n phr dì-ionadachadh m clì, gen dì-ionadachaidh chlìlength n fad m, gen faid. Vowel ~, fad fuaimreig. Sentences of different ~, seantansan de
dh’fhad eadar-dhealaichte. Effects of verse ~ can also be explored, faodar buaidh fad rannan a rannsachadh cuideachd. ~ mark, comharra faid
fad m. ~ mark, síneadh m fada
lengthen v tr cuir am fad, vn cur am fadlengthening n cur m am fad
lengthening n fadú m
lenis n lenis f, pl leneslenite v tr sèimhich, vn -eachadh m
lenited a sèimhichtelenition n sèimheachadh m, gen -aidh. The preposition “dha” does not cause ~ in this
dialect, chan eil an roimhear “dha” a’ dèanamh sèimheachaidh anns an dualchainnt seoséimhiú m
Leonine a Leòmhannach. L~ verse, rannaigheachd Leòmhannach. L~ rhyme, comhardadh Leòmhannach
letter n litir f, gen -reach, pl -richeanlevel n ìre f, pl —an. ~ of phonology, ìre fòn-eòlais. ~ of syntax, ìre co-chàraidh. ~s of
representation, ìrean riochdalachdlevelling n rèidheachadh m, gen -aidh cothromú mlevel tone n phr tòna m rèidhlexeme n leicseim m, pl —eanlexical a leicseachail. ~ ambiguity, dà-sheaghachas leicseachail. ~ category, catagaraidh
leicseachail. ~ diffusion, lìonsgaradh leicseachail. ~ field, raon leicseachail. ~ gap, beàrn leicseachail. ~ item, nì leicseachail. ~ meaning, ciall leicseachail. ~ morpheme, moirfeim leicseachail. ~ unit, aonad leicseachail. ~ word, facal leicseachail. ~ly conditioned, cumhaichte gu leicseachail. ~ly governed, air a riaghladh gu leicseachail
lexical decomposition n phr dì-thàthadh m leicseachail, gen dì-thàthaidh leicseachaillexicalise v tr leicsich, vn -eachadh m
lexicalised a leicsichtelexicalisation n leicseachadh m, gen -aidhlexicographer n faclairiche m, pl —an foclóirí mlexicography n faclaireachd f foclóireacht flexicology n leics-eòlas m , gen -aislexicon n 1 faclair m
2 leicsigean m, gen -ein. Dictionary, and mental ~, faclair, agus leicsigean inntinneilfoclóir m
liaison n liaison mlight a aotrom. ~ syllable, lide aotrom. ~ verb, gnìomhair aotrom éadromlimerick n luimneach f, gen -ich, pl -ichean. This is the only ~ amongst what we have of
the bard’s songs, ’s i seo an aon luimneach am measg na fhuair sinn de dh’òrain a’ bhàird
limerick mod luimnich f gs, na luimnich f gs. This song is in ~ metre, ’s e meadrachd na luimnich a tha air an òran seo
luimneach m
line n 1 lìne f, pl —achan• (familiar) loidhne f, pl —achan2 (pros) sreath m, gen —a pl —an. In poetry writing ~ length can be demonstrated
and explored, ann an sgrìobhadh bàrdachd faodar faid sreatha a thaisbeanadh agus a rannsachadh. In opening ~s, ann an sreathan-tòiseachaidh
half-line n (pros) leth-shreath m, pl —an. In this song there are four “long lines” in each verse, though the song is written as eight “half-lines”, anns an òran seo tha ceithir “sreathan fada” anns gach rainn, ged a tha an t-òran air a sgrìobhadh mar ochd “leth-shreathan”. At the end of each first ~, aig deireadh gach ciad leth-shreath. Metrical ~, leth-shreath mheadrachail. Syntactic ~, leth-shreath cho-chàrail
long line n phr (pros) sreath m fada, gen sreath fhada, pl sreathan fada. Each ~ ~ forms two half-lines with the division coming after the second stress, tha gach sreath fada a’ dèanamh dà leth-shreath leis an roinn a’ tighinn an dèidh an dara beuma. The last stress in each ~ ~ comes on the final syllable, tha am beum mu dheireadh anns gach sreath fada a’ tighinn air an lide dheireannach. The syllables having the second and third main stress within each ~ ~ rhyme together, tha na lidean air a bheil an dara is an treas prìomh bheum air taobh a-staigh gach sreath fhada a’ dèanamh comhardaidh ri chèile
líne f
linear a lìneach líneachlinearisation n lìneachadh m, gen -aidhlinearity n lìneachas m, gen -ais. ~ violation, briseadh air lìneachaslingual 1 a teangach. ~ trill, roileadh teangach
2 teangach m, gen & pl -aicha teangach
linguist n cànanaiche m, pl —an teangeolaí mlinguistic a cànanach. ~ sign, sìn chànanach. ~ universal, uile-choitcheann cànanach
• expressed with cànain m gs. To enhance their ~ competence, gus an comas cànain a teangeolaíoch
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Gàidhlig Albannach Gàidhlig Èireannach
chur am feobhas. The teacher will broaden pupils’ experience to involve texts of greater maturity of ~ demand, leudaichidh an tidsear air fiosrachadh na cloinne a dh’ionnsaigh theacsaichean a tha nas adhartaiche ann an dùbhlan cànain. Teachers will offer knowledge about language when it is likely to help pupils extend their ~ range, bithidh tidsearan a’ tairgse eòlais air cànan an uair a tha coltas ann gun cuidich sin a’ chlann gus an comas-cànain a leudachadh
• expressed with cànan m rad. Pupils will begin to appreciate ~ diversity, tòisichidh clann air tuigsinn cho iomachruthach ’s a tha cànan
• expressed with air cànan, or a bhuineas do chànan, or a thaobh cànain. Increased cultural and ~ awareness, barrachd mothachaidh air dualchas agus air cànan. Using appropriate ~ and literary terms, a’ cleachdadh briathrachas iomchaidh a bhuineas do chànan agus do litreachas. The contemporary nature of Gaelic in its cultural and ~ senses, mar a bhuineas a’ Ghàidhlig don t-saoghal a tha ann a thaobh cultair is cànain
linguistic insecurity n phr iomagain f chànanachlinguistic palaeontology n phr palae-ointeòlas m cànanach, gen palae-onteòlais
chànanaichlinguistics n cànanachas m, gen -ais. Structural ~, cànanachas structarach teangeolaíocht flinguo-labial 1 a teanga-bhileach. ~ consonant, consan teanga-bhileach
2 teanga-bhileach m, gen & pl -ichlinking r n phr r cheangaillip n 1 (ling) bile f, pl -ean
2 (familiar) lip f, gen —e, pl —ean. ~ rounding, cruinne lipeanliopa m
liquid (ling) 1 a lionnach. ~ consonant, consan lionnach2 n lionnach f, gen -aich, pl -aichean
leachtach a
literal meaning n phr ciall f litearail (literal, litriúil)literary a 1 litreachasach. Conventions of ~ form, cleachdaidhean a bhuineas do mhodh
litreachasach2 litreachais m gs. ~ criticism, breithneachadh litreachais. Making some use of ~
conventions, leis na h-uiread de chleachdadh air nòsan-litreachais. Using appropriate linguistic and ~ terms, a’ cleachdadh briathrachas iomchaidh a bhuineas do chànan agus do litreachas
liteartha
literate a litearra inléimh, litearthaliterature n litreachas n, gen -aisLithuanian pr n (lang) Liotuàinis f Liotuáinis flitotes n àicheamhas m, gen àicheamhais
• liotòid fliotóid f
loan n iasad m, gen -aid. ~ blend, coimeasgadh iasaid. ~ concept, coincheap iasaid. ~ translation, eadar-theangachadh iasaid. Semantic ~, iasad seimeantach
iasacht f
loan word n phr facal-iasaid, gen & pl facail-iasaid. ~ ~ phonology, fòn-eòlas facail-iasaid
local a ionadail. ~ relation, dàimhealachd ionadail. ~ case, tuiseal ionadaillocational a ionadachdail. ~ case, tuiseal ionadachdaillocative (LOC) 1 a ionadach. ~ case, tuiseal ionadach
2 n ionadach m, gen & pl -aich. Relativised ~, ionadach dàimhealaichteáitreabhach a & s m
locus n lòcas m, gen -ais. ~ of change, lòcas atharrachaidh. ~ of place of articulation, lòcas àite altachaidh
locutionary a labhairteach. ~ act, gnìomh labhairteachlogic n lòidsig f. Deductive and inductive ~, lòidsig dheaductach agus ionductach loighic flogical a lòidsigeach. ~ form, cruth lòidsigeach. ~ relations, dàimhealachdan lòidsigeach.
~ subject, suibseig lòidsigeachloighciúil
logical constant n phr buan-àireamh f lòidsigeach, pl buan-àireamhan lòidsigeachlogogram n logagram m, gen -aim, pl —anlogophoric a logaforach. ~ pronoun, riochdair logaforachlong a fada, comp faide. ~ vowel, fuaimreag fhada fadalong-distance a fad-astarach. ~ reflexivisation, ath-fhillteachd fhad-astarach cian-longitudinal a (ling) tar-aimsireil. ~ survey, suirbhidh tar-aimsireil domhanfhaidlong measure, long metre, n phr meadrachd f fhadaloose a las, comp laise scaoilteloud a labhar ard, glórach, gárthaloudness n labhrad m, gen -aid áirde f (gutha)low a ìosal. ~ tone, tòna ìosal. ~ vowel, fuaimreag ìosal íseallower v tr ìslich, vn -eachadh m
lowered a ìslichte. ~ vowel, fuaimreag ìslichtelowering n ìsleachadh m, gen -aidh. Vowel ~, ìsleachadh fuaimreig
cromaím, íslímlowering n ísliú m, cromadh m
lower-case letter n phr litir f chèise-bige, gen litreach cèise-bige, pl litrichean cèise-bige• meanbh-litir f, gen meanbh-litreach, pl meanbh-litrichean
(typ) lower case, cás beag
Luxembourgish pr n (lang) Lucsamburgais f (Luxembourg pr n Lucsamburg f)
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Gàidhlig Albannach Gàidhlig Èireannach
lyric 1 n liric f, pl —ean• ealaidh f, pl —ean2 a liriceach
n liric fa liriceach
Mmacaronic 1 a macarònach. It is a song which is, to a degree, ~ in type, for the bard
makes use of a large number of English words throughout it, is òran e a tha, gu ìre, macarònach na ghnè, oir tha am bàrd a’ dèanamh feum de dh’àireamh mhòr de dh’fhaclan Beurla air fheadh
2 n macarònach m, gen & pl -aich
(Dán) macarónach
Macedonian pr n (lang) Macadoinis fmacron n macran m, gen & pl -ainmain clause n phr prìomh chlàsa m, pl —n príomhchlásal mmain verb n phr prìomh ghnìomhair m, pl —eanmajor word class n phr mòr-chlas m fhacal, pl mòr-chlasaichean fhacalmalapropism n ain-eirmseachd f mífheilteachas mMalay pr n (lang) Mailèidhis f Máltais fmanner n dòigh f, gen —e. Adverb of ~, co-ghnìomhair dòighe. ~ of articulation, dòigh
altachaidhmodh m, dóigh f, caoi f
Manx pr n Gàidhlig f Mhanainneach, gen Gàidhlig Manainnich• Manainnis f
Manannais f, Gaeilge f Mhanann
Maori pr n (lang) Maoiris fmargin n oir m, pl —ean. Nucleus and ~, niuclas agus oir imeall mmarginal a oireach. ~ distribution, co-roinn oireach imeallach. Marginal distribution,
dáileadh imeallachmark n comharradh m, gen -aidh, pl -aidhean. ~ of correlation, comharradh co-dhàimh comhartha mmark v tr comharraich, vn -achadh m
marked a comharraichte. ~ value, luach comharraichte. ~ and unmarked, comharraichte agus neo-chomharraichte
marking n comharrachadh m, gen -aidh. ~ convention, co-ghnàths comharrachaidh
marcálaim, cuirim comhartha ar
markedness n comharrachd f. ~ reversal, contrarrachd comharrachdmarker n comharra m, pl -idhean. Case ~, comharra tuiseilmasculine (MASC) a fireanta. The ~ gender, a’ ghnè fhireanta. In this dialect very often
the ~ diminutive suffix does not change in the genitive case, anns an dualchainnt seo glè thric cha bhi iar-leasachan a’ mheanbhain fhireanta ag atharrachadh anns an tuiseal ghinideach ann
• (pros) fireanta. ~ rhyme, comhardadh fireanta. ~ ending, deireadh fireanta
firinscneachfirinscne f
mass comparison n phr meall-choimeas m, gen -eismass noun n phr (= uncountable noun n phr) meall-ainmear m, gen -eir, pl —an (=
ainmear m do-àireimh)material n adhbharrach, gen -aich. The ~ however is very exiguous, ’na dhèidh sin chan
eil an t-adhbharrach ach glè chaolmaterialism n adhbharachas m, gen -ais. Idealism and ~, idèalachas agus adhbharachasmatrix n meatrags m, pl —an. Distinctive feature ~, meatrags fheartan eadar-sgarachmaxim n (ling) bun-ràdh m, pl —an. ~s of conversation, bun-ràdhan còmhraidh. ~ of
quality, bun-ràdh càileachd. ~ of quantity, bun-ràdh cainneachd. ~ of relation, bun-ràdh dàimhealachd. ~ of manner, bun-ràdh dòighe
seanrá m, riail f
maximal n macsaimeil. ~ly rhematic, rèamatach gu macsaimeilmaximum n 1 uas-mheud m, pl —an
2 macasaimeam m, gen -eimmeaning n 1 brìgh f. Pupils will write to convey ~ in Gaelic appropriate to audience
and purpose, bidh sgoilearan a’ sgrìobhadh ach an cuir iad brìgh an cèill ann an Gàidhlig mar a fhreagras air luchd-amais agus adhbhar. The ~ of new words and phrases should usually be indicated through visual cues, bu chòir brìgh fhaclan ùra agus abairtean ùra a chur an cèill le comharraidhean a chithear. When discussing the relationships of words and ~s, ann am beachdachadh air dàimh fhaclan agus brìgh
2 ciall f, gen cèille. Syllable and root will be used in discussion which centres on individual words, their origins, ~s and functions, cleachdar lide agus freumh ann am beachdachadh air faclan fa leth agus air co às an tàinig iad, air dè as ciall daibh agus dè as gnìomh dhaibh
•ciallachadh m, gen -aidh, pl -aidhean. Different ~s, ciallachaidhean eadar-dhealaichte. To make the ~s of the words clear, gus dèanamh soilleir dè tha na facail a’ ciallachadh
ciall f, brí f
meaning-changing a atharrachaidh-chèille. ~ rule, riaghailt atharrachaidh-chèillemeaningful a brìoghmhormeaningless a gun bhrìgh gan bhrí
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Gàidhlig Albannach Gàidhlig Èireannach
meaning-preserving a glèidhidh-chèille. ~ rule, riaghailt ghlèidhidh-chèillemeasure phrase n phr abairt f thomhaismediae n pl mediae m plmedial a meadhanail. ~ syllable, lide meadhanail (litir) láir, lárnach, meánachmedio-palatal 1 a meadhan-phalatach
2 n meadhan-phalatach m, gen & pl -aichmedio-passive 1 a meadhan-fhulangach. ~ form, riochd meadhan-fhulangach
2 n meadhan-fhulangach m, gen & pl -aichmedium n meadhan m, gen -ain, pl —an. Phonic ~, meadhan fònach. Graphic ~,
meadhan grafachmeán m
meiosis n meiòis fmelody n meileodaidh m, pl —eanmental lexicon n phr leicsigean m inntinneil, gen leicsigein inntinneilmention n iomradh m, gen -aidh. ~ and use, iomradh agus cleachdadh trácht m, teacht m, lua mmerger n coimeasg m, gen -isg cumasc mmeronym n mearanaim m, pl —eanmeronymy n mearanaimidh fmesolect n meadhan-chainnt f, pl —eanmesostatic a meadhan-sheasmhach meánsheasmhachmeta- pfix meata-. Metagrammar, meata-gràmar. Metarule, meata-riaghailtmetalanguage n meata-chànan m, gen & pl -ainmetalinguistic a meata-chànanachmetanalysis n meat-anailis fmetaphony n meatafonaidhmetaphor n meatafor m, gen -oir. Simile and ~, simile agus meatafor. Mixed ~, meatafor
measgtemeafar m. Mixed ~, meafar measctha
metaplasm n meata-phlasma mmetathesis n eadar-chàradh m, gen -aidh, pl -ean. “Ceund” comes by elision from
“ceunda”, which itself came by ~ from “ceudna”, tha “ceund” a’ tighinn le bàthadh bho “ceunda”, riochd a thàinig e fhèin tro eadar-chàradh bho “ceudna”
• meititeis f
meititéis f
metonym n meatanaim m, pl —eanmetonymic a meatanaimeachmetonymy n meatanaimidh m meatainime fmetre (pros) n meadrachd f, pl —an. Strophic ~, meadrachd stròfach. This song is in
strophic ~, ’s e meadrachd stròfach a tha air an òran seo. This unstressed rhyme sometimes survives in more modern ~s, tha an comhardadh gun bheum a tha seo uaireannan a’ mairsinn ann am meadrachdan a tha nas nuadh-aimsireile. This song has the same type of amhran ~ as two other of the bard’s songs, tha an aon ghnè de mheadrachd amhrain air an òran seo ’s a tha air a dhà eile de chuid òran a’ bhàird
meadaracht f
metrical a meadrachail. ~ phonology, fòn-eòlas meadrachail. ~ feet, troighean meadrachail
meadarach
metrics n meadraig mmetrist n meadraiche m, pl —anmid a meadhain n gin ~ vowel, fuaimreag mheadhain
mid-high a meadhan-àrd. ~ vowel, fuaimreag mheadhan-àrdmid-low a meadhan-ìosal. ~ vowel, fuaimreag mheadhan-iosal
meánach, lárnach, meán-, lethard
middle a meadhain. ~ voice, guth meadhain meánachMiddle Gaelic pr n Meadhan-Ghàidhlig f Meán-Ghaeilge fmid-sagittal a meadhan-shaighdeach. ~ plane, plàna meadhan-shaighdeachmimesis n atharraiseachd fmimetic a atharraiseach aithriseachminimal free form n phr riochd m saor mionamail minimal form, íosfhoirm fminimal pair n phr paidhir m mionamail, pl paidhreannan mionamail péire íosmhéideminimum n 1 ìos-mheud m, pl ìos-mheudan
2 mionamam m, gen -aimminor sentence n phr mion-sheantans m, pl —anminor word class n phr mion-chlas m fhacal, pl mion-chlasaichean fhacalmisdivision n mì-roinn f mìdhealú mmistake n iomrall m, gen & pl -aill
• mearachd f, pl —anearráid f
mixed language n phr cànan m measgaichte, gen & pl cànain mheasgaichtemodal a mòdail. ~ particle, mìrean mòdail. ~ system, siostam mòdail. ~ verb, gnìomhair
mòdailmódúil, caoi f gs
modality n mòdaileachd f módúlacht fmode n mòd m, pl —an. Distribution ~, mòd co-roinne (logic, phil) mód mmodel n modail f, pl —ean samhail f, mionsamhail f, riochdán
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Gàidhlig Albannach Gàidhlig Èireannach
mmodel v modailich, vn modaileachadh
modelled a modailichtemodern a nuadh-aimsireil. This unstressed rhyme sometimes survives in more ~
metres, tha an comhardadh gun bheum a tha seo uaireannan a’ mairsinn ann am meadrachdan a tha nas nuadh-aimsireile
• nuadh-. ~ English, Nuadh-BheurlaModern Gaelic pr n Nuadh-Ghàidhlig f
Early Modern Gaelic pr n Nuadh-Gàidhlig ThràthailNua-Ghaeilge f
modernity n nuadh-aimsireas m, gen -eismodification n (gram) mion-atharrachadh m, gen-aidh mionathrú mmodifier n (gram) mion-atharraiche m, pl —anmodify v tr mion-atharraich, vn -achadh m mionathraímMongolian pr n (lang) Mongoilis fmonody n monòid f monóid fmonogenesis n monaigineachas m, gen -aismonolingual 1 a aon-chànanach
2 n aon-chànanach m, gen & pl -aichmonolingualism n aon-chànanas m, gen -aismonologue n monalog m, gen -oig monalóg fmonomoraic a aon-mhorathachmonometer n monaimeadar mmonophthong n aon-fhoghar m, pl —an aonfhoghar mmonosemous a aon-seimeach. ~ noun, ainmear aon-seimeach aonchiallachmonosemy n aon-seimidh aonchiallachasmonostratal a aon-stratach. ~ model, modail aon-stratachmonosyllabic a aona-lideach. Adjectives (~ or disyllabic) are commonly in the
comparative degree after “cho” in this dialect, bidh buadhair (aona-lideach no dà-lideach) gu cumanta anns an ìre choimeasaich an dèidh “cho” san dualchainnt seo
aonsiollach
monosyllable n aona-lide m, pl —an aonsiolla mmonosystemic a aon-siostamach. ~ and polysystemic, aon-siostamach agus ioma-
shiostamachmonotransitive a aon-aisigeach. ~ verb, gnìomhair aon-aisigeachmonovalent a aon-vàlantach. ~ verb, gnìomhair aon-vàlantachMontague grammar n phr gràmar m Montague, gen gràmair Montaguemood n (gram) modh m, pl —an. Hortative ~, modh earalach. Imperative ~, modh
àithneach. Indicative ~, modh taisbeanach. Optative ~, modh roghainneach. Subjunctive ~, modh fo-leantach
modh m
mora n mora m, pl moraemorph n morf m, pl —an morf fmorpheme n moirfeim m, pl —ean moirféim fmorphemic a moirfeimeachmorphemics n moirfeimig mmorpholexical a morfa-leicseachail. ~ rule, riaghailt mhorfa-leicseachailmorphological a morf-eòlach. ~ process, pròiseas morf-eòlachmorphologisation n morf-eòlachadh m, gen -aidhmorphology n (ling) morf-eòlas m, gen -ais. Inflectional ~, morf-eòlas in-fhillteach.
Morphological case, tuiseal morf-eòlachdeilbhíocht f
morphoneme n = morphophoneme n, q.v.morphonemics n = morphophonemics n = morphophonology n, q.v.morphonology n = morphophonology n, q.v.morphophoneme n morfa-fòineim m, pl —eanmorphophonemic a morfa-fòineimeach. ~ script, sgriobta morfa-fòineimeachmorphophonemics n = morphophonology n, q.v.morphophonology n morfa-fòn-eòlasmorphosyntactic a morfa-cho-chàrail. ~ category, catagaraidh morfa-cho-chàrail. ~
feature, feart morfa-cho-chàrail. ~ word, facal morfa-cho-chàrailmorphotactics n morfa-tactaig mmorphotonemics n morfa-tòineimig mmotherese n (= baby-talk n) màthairis fmother-in-law language n phr = avoidance style n phr, q.v.mother-tongue n cànan m màthaireil, gen & pl cànain mhàthaireil. Intergenerational ~
transmission, tar-chur a’ chànain mhàthaireil eadar-ghinealaichmotif n moitif m, pl moitifeanmotion n gluasad m, gen -aid. Adverb of ~, co-ghnìomhair gluasaidmotor theory n phr teòiridh f mhòtarachmotto n facal-suaicheantais m, gen facail-shuaicheantais, pl faclan-suaicheantais mana m, rosc m
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Gàidhlig Albannach Gàidhlig Èireannach
mouth n beul m, gen & pl beòilmovable a so-ghluasaid inaistrithemulti-language a expressed with ioma-chànanas m, gen -ais. A positive attitude to ~ use,
spiorad neartmhor a thaobh ioma-chànanaismultilateral a ioma-taobhach. ~ opposition, comhaireachd ioma-taobhachmultilevel a iom-ìremultilingual a ioma-chànanach. Bilingual and ~ children and adults are an asset, is nì
feumail e clann agus inbhich dhà-chànanach agus ioma-chànanach a bhith annmultiple a iomadail. ~ correlation, co-dhàimh iomadail iolrúilmultiplex a iom-fhilltemultiplicative a iomadachail iolraithemultistratal a ioma-stratachmultivalued a ioma-luachail. ~ feature, feart ioma-luachail. ~ logic, lòidsig ioma-luachailmurmur n monmhar m, gen -air monabhar m, manrán mmurmured a monmharach. ~ stop, consan dùinte monmharachmutation n mùthadh m, gen -aidh, pl -aidhean. Vowel ~, mùthadh fhuaimreag. Initial
mutations, mùthaidhean tòiseachail. ~ is an important semiotic exponent of gender, tha mùthadh na cho-mhìniche cudthromach seimeotach air gnè
(ling) claochlú m. Initial ~, claochlú tosaigh, athrú tosaigh
mutually intelligible a phr so-thuigsinn do chèile• eadar-thuigseanta
myth n miotas m, gen -ais miotas mmythology n miot-eòlas m, gen -ais miotaseolaíocht f
Nnarrow term n phr briathar m cumhang, gen briathair chumhaing, pl briathran cumhang téarma m cúngnarrow transcription n phr tar-sgrìobhadh m caol, gen tar-sgrìobhaidh chaoil, pl tar-
sgrìobhaidhean caolanarrow vowel n phr fuaimreag f chaol, gen fuaimreig caoile, pl fuaimreagan caolan-ary a n-àireamh. The features of these vowels in their phonetic function are n-ary in
nature, tha feartan nam fuaimreagan seo, nam fuincsean fogharach, n-àireamh nan gnènasal 1 a srònach. ~ vowel, fuaimreag shrònach. ~ assimilation, co-choslachadh srònach.
~ release, fuasgladh srònach2 srònach m, gen & pl -aich
(consan, guta) srónach (m)
nasalisation n srònachadh m, gen -aidh srónaíl fnasalise v tr srònaich, vn -achadh m
nasalised a srònaichte. ~ vowel, fuaimreag shrònaichtecuirim srónaíl le (fuaim)
nasality n srònachd. Degree of ~, ìre shrònachd srónaíl fnasal tract n phr slighe na sròinenational language n phr cànan m nàiseanta, gen & pl cànain nàiseantanative a dùthchasach. ~ word, facal dùthchasach
native language n phr cànan m dùthchasach, gen cànain dhùthchasaich, pl cànain dhùthchasach
native speaker n phr neach m aig an robh an cànain bho dhùthchas, pl daoine…. A ~ ~ of Gaelic, neach aig a bheil a’ Ghàidhlig bho dhùthchas
• neach-bruidhne m dùthchasach, pl luchd-bruidhne dùthchasach
native language, teanga dhúchais
nativised a dùthchasaichte. ~ loan, iasad dùthchasaichtenativism n nàdarras m, gen -ais. Empiricism and ~, eimpireachas agus nàdarrasnatural n nàdarrach. ~ class, clas nàdarrach. ~ language, cànan nàdarrach. ~
morphology, morf-eòlas nàdarrachnaturalness n nàdarrachd f. Arbitrariness and ~, neo-riaghailteachas agus nàdarrachdNavajo pr n (lang) Navajo mnegate v tr tar-àicheidh, vn -eadh mnegation n àicheachd f. Scope of ~, sgopa àicheachdnegative 1 a àicheil. ~ form, cruth àicheil. ~ particle, mìrean àicheil. ~ prefix, ro-
leasachan àicheil2 n àicheach m, gen & pl -ich. Affixal ~, àicheach cho-leasachanach
diúltach
negative polarity item n phr nì m (facal m etc) le pòlaras àicheilnegator n àicheadair m, gen & pl —eanneologism n nuadh-fhacal m, gen -ail, pl -ail, -lan nuafhocal mnesting n neadachadh m, gen -aidhnetwork n lìon-ceangail m gen lìn-cheangail, pl lìn-cheangail, lìontan-ceangail. Social ~,
lìon-ceangail sòisealtaneurolinguistics n neòra-chànanachas m gen -aisneuter (NEUT) 1 a neodrach. ~ gender, gnè neodrach
2 n neodrach m, gen & pl -aich1 a neodrach, neamhinscneach. ~ gender, neamhinscne. This word is ~, tá an focal seo neodrach,
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Gàidhlig Albannach Gàidhlig Èireannach
neamhiscneach. 2 n neodrach m, neodar m, neamhinscne f
neutral a neodrail. ~ position, suidheachadh neodrail. ~ vowel, fuaimreag neodrail. ~ quality, càileachd neodrail
leathan. ~ quality, leithne f
neutralisable a so-neodrachaidh. ~ and constant oppositions, comhaireachdan so-neodrachaidh agus buan-sheasmhach
neutralisation n neodrachadh m, gen -aidh. Absolute ~, neodrachadh iomlannexus n neacsas m. ~ substantive, ainmear neacsaisnode n nòd m, gen -òid, pl —an. Branching ~, nòd craobhaidhnoise n (ling) farum m, gen -uimnomenclature n clàr m ainmean, gen clàir ainmean clár mnominal 1 a ainmearach. ~ constituent, co-adhbhar ainmearach. ~ phrase, abairt
ainmearach. ~ root, freumh ainmearach. ~ sentence, seantans ainmearach2 ainmearach m, gen & pl -aich. Predicate ~, ainmearach aisneiseach
ainmniúil, ainmfhoclach
nominalisation n ainmearachadh m, gen -achaidhnominalism n (phil) ainmeachas m, gen -ais. ~ and realism, ainmeachas agus fìorachasnominative (NOM) 1 a ainmneach. ~ case, tuiseal ainmneach
2 n ainmneach m, gen -ichainmneach (m). In the ~, sa tuiseal ainmneach
non-anterior a neo-ro-shuidhichte. ~ consonant, consan neo-ro-shuidhichtenon-aspirated a neo-anailichte neamhanálaithenon-base n neo-bhun-riochd m, pl —an. Base and ~ forms, bun-riochdan is neo-bhun-
riochdannonce-word n facal-fàth m, gen & pl facail-fhàth focal m ócáidenon-configurational language n phr cànan m neo-cho-dhealbhach, gen cànain neo-cho-
dhealbhaich, pl cànain neo-cho-dhealbhachnon-continuant n neo-leanmhainneach, gen & pl neo-leanmhainnich. ~ sonorancy,
sònarachas ann an consan neo-leanmhainneachnon-count a = uncountable a, q.v.non-discrete a neo-dhisgreiteach. ~ category, catagaraidh neo-dhisgreiteach. ~ language,
cànan neo-dhisgreiteach• neo-sgarte
non-final a neo-dheireannachnon-finite a neo-fhinideach. ~ clause, clàsa neo-fhinideach neamhfhinideachnon-Gaelic a gun Ghàidhlig. Children from non-Gaelic backgrounds, clann à
àrainneachd gun Ghàidhlig• nach buin don Ghàidhlig. Television presents views of the world which are
determined by non-Gaelic concerns, tha an telebhisean a’ cur fa chomhair dhaoine seallaidhean den t-saoghal a tha air am bonntachadh air nithean nach buin don Ghàidhlig
non-Gaelic speaking a phr expressed with neg plus a’ Ghàidhlig na cànain…. For some schools in non-Gaelic speaking areas, do chuid de sgoiltean ann an àiteachan far nach eil a’ Ghàidhlig na cànain choimhearsnachd
non-habitual a neo-shìor-ghnàthach. ~ present, làthaireach neo-shìor-ghnàthach gnáth, gnách. ~ present, gnáthláithreach
non-inflection n neo-in-fhilleadh m, gen -idh, pl -idhean infhilleadh mnon-initial a neo-thòiseachailnon-kernel a neo-eitneachnon-lateral a neo-thaobhachnon-lexicalised a neo-leicsichte. ~ compound, co-fhilleadh neo-leicsichtenon-linear a neo-lìneach. ~ phonology, fòn-eòlas neo-lìneachnon-linguistic a 1 neo-chànanach
2 nach buin do chànain. This unit of language may contain ~ features of communication, faodaidh an t-aonad cànain seo seòrsachan co-luadair a ghabhail a-staigh nach buin do chànain
non-nuclear a neo-niuclasach. ~ valent, vàlant neo-niuclasachnon-palatalised a neo-phalataichtenon-phonemic a neo-fhòineimeachnon-redundant a neo-bharrasach. Phonemic representations are only specified in
terms of ~ features, tha riochdachaidhean fòineimeach air an sònrachadh a-mhàin bho thaobh fheartan neo-bharrasach
non-relative a neo-dhàimheach neamhchoibhneastanon-restrictive a neo-chuingealach. ~ modifier, mion-atharraiche neo-chuingealach. ~
relative clause, clàsa dàimheach neo-chuingealachnon-rhotic n neo-rotach. Rhotic and ~ dialects, dualchainntean rotach agus neo-rotachnon-sentence n neo-sheantans m, pl —annon-syllabic a neo-lideachnon-verbal a neo-fhaclach. ~ communication, co-luadar neo-fhaclach
• Pupils can be entertainingly introduced to simple ~ skills, faodar a’ chlann
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Gàidhlig Albannach Gàidhlig Èireannach
cuideachd, ann an dòigh spòrsail, a chur an aithne sgilean sìmplidh nach eil a’ cur feum air faclan. Pupils should be made aware of ~ aspects, bu chòir mothachadh a thoirt don chloinn air nithean nach buin idir do dh’fhaclan. ~ enhancement of talk should also be more evident, tha còir gum bitheadh feobhas labhairt às aonais fhaclan nas fhollaisiche cuideachd
norm n nòrm m, gen -òirm, pl —an norm mnormal a nòrmalach
• gnàthachnormalach
normalise v tr nòrmailich, vn nòrmalachadhnormalised a nòrmailichte
normalisation n nòrmalachadh m, gen -aidhnormative a nòrmatach. ~ grammar, gràmar nòrmatachNorse pr n (lang) Lochlannais f
Old Norse 1 pr n Seann Lochlannais f2 mod san t-Seann Lochlannais. The O~ N~ sagas, na sagathan san t-Seann
Lochlannais
Ioruais f, Lochlainnis f
Norwegian pr n (lang) Nirribhis fBokmål pr n Bokmål mNynorsk pr n Nynorsk m
Ioruais f
notation n notaireachd f. Phonetic ~, notaireachd fhogharach nodaireacht fnotional a nòiseanach. ~ agreement, co-aontas nòiseanach. ~ category, catagaraidh
nòiseanach(notion, éirim f, smaoineamh m, nóisean m)
notional syllabus n phr clàr-oideachaidh m nòiseanach, gen clàir-oideachaidh nòiseanaich, pl clàir-oideachaidh nòiseanach
noun n ainmear m, gen -eir, pl —anabstract noun n phr ainmear m eascruthach, gen ainmeir eascruthaich, pl ainmearan
eascruthachagent noun n phr ainmear m obraiche, gen ainmeir obraiche, pl ainmearan obraichecollective noun n phr ainmear m trusaidh, gen ainmeir thrusaidh, pl ainmearan
trusaidhcommon noun n phr ainmear m gnàthach, gen ainmeir ghnàthaich, pl ainmearan
gnàthachnumerical noun n phr ainmear m àireamhach, gen ainmeir àireamhaich, pl ainmearan
àireamhachproper noun n phr ainmear m dìleas, gen ainmeir dhìlis, pl ainmearan dìleasverbal noun n phr ainmear m gnìomhaireach, gen ainmeir ghnìomhairich, pl
ainmearan gnìomhaireach
ainm m, ainmfhocal m
nounal a ainmearach. ~ phrase, abairt ainmearachnoun class n phr clas m ainmear, pl clasaichean ainmearnoun classification n phr seòrsachadh m ainmear, gen seòrsachaidh ainmearnoun clause n phr clàsa m ainmearach, gen clàsa ainmearaich, pl clàsan ainmearach ainmchlásal mnoun-complement n coileanadh m ainmearach, gen coileanaidh ainmearaich, pl
coileanaidhean ainmearachnoun phrase n phr abairt f ainmearach, pl abairtean ainmearachNP accessibility hierarchy n rangachd f sho-ruigsinneachd abairtean ainmearachnuclear a niuclasach eithneachnucleus n niuclas m, gen -ais, pl —an. Syllabic ~, niuclas lideach, niuclas an lidenull a neonitheach. ~ realisation, rèalachadh neonitheach. ~ hypothesis, neoni-hipiteis (law) ar neamhní, ar ceal. Null
hypothesis, sainhipitéisnumber n (gram) àireamh f, gen -eimh
dual number n phr àireamh f dheiseplural number n phr àireamh f iomarrasingular number n phr àireamh shingilte
(gram) uimhir f
number v tr àireamh, vn àireamhnumbered a àirmhichte
numeral n àireamh f, gen -eimh, pl —ancardinal numeral n phr àireamh f àrdailordinal numeral n phr àireamh f òrdail
uimhir f
numeric, numerical a 1 àireamhach; àireamhail. Numerical adjective, buadhair àireamhach. Numerical noun, ainmear àireamhach. Numeric particle, mion-fhacal àireamhail
uimhriúil
Oobject n 1 (gram) oibseig f, pl —ean. Direct ~, oibseig dhìreach. Indirect ~, oibseig neo-
dhìreachobject mod oibseigeach. ~ clause, clàsa oibseigeach. ~ complement (= objective
(gram) cuspóir m. ~ clause, clásal cuspóireach
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Gàidhlig Albannach Gàidhlig Èireannach
complement), coileanadh oibseigeach. ~ control, smachd oibseigeachobjective a (gram) oibseigeach. The ~ case, an tuiseal oibseigeach. ~ complement,
coileanadh oibseigeach. ~ genitive, ginideach oibseigeach(gram) ~ case, tuiseal cuspóireach
object of result n phr (= effected object n phr) oibseig f thoraidh (= oibseig f èifeachda)obligatory a èignichte. ~ element, eileamaid èignichte. Optional and ~, roghnach agus
èignichteéigeantach
oblique 1 a fiar. ~ case, tuiseal fiar2 n (= oblique slash) fiar-sgoradh m, gen -aidh, pl -aidhean
(gram) ~ case, claontuiseal m(lìne) fhiar
observer’s paradox n phr paradacsa m a’ bheachdairobsolescent a às-chleachdach. ~ usage, cleachdadh às-chleachdach ag dul as feidhm, i léigobsolete a às-chleachdte. ~ term, briathar às-chleachdte ~ term, téarma i léigobstruent n amalach m, gen & pl -aich. Approximants and ~s, co-fhagasaich agus
amalaichobviative (OBV) 1 a seachnach. Proximative and ~, fagasach agus seachnach
2 n seachnach m, gen & pl -aichocclusion n = closure n, q.v.occlusive n = stop n, q.v.octameter n ochdaimeadar mode n òid f, pl òidean óid foff-glide n (ling) sleamhnan-dheth m, gen & pl sleamhnain-dhethofficial language n phr cànan m oifigeil, gen & pl cànain oifigeilogham n ogham m, gen -aim oghamchraobh f, ogham mOld Church Slavonic pr n Seann Slàbhais f na h-EaglaiseOld English pr n Seann Bheurla fOld Gaelic pr n Seann Ghàidhlig f Sean-Ghaeilge fOld High German pr n Seann Ghearmailtis f UachdarachOld Irish pr n = Old Gaelic pr n, q.v.Old Norse pr n Seann Lochlannais fone-place predicate n phr aisneis f aon-àiteon-glide n (ling) sleamhnan-air m, gen & pl sleamhnain-aironomasiology n onamais-eòlas m, gen -ais. ~ and semasiology, onamais-eòlas agus
seimeis-eòlasonomastics n onamastaig monomatopoeia n fuaimealas m, gen -ais onamataipé f, fuaimfhoclaíocht fonomatopoeic n fuaimealasach onamataipéachonset n ionnsaigh m. ~ and rhyme, ionnsaigh agus rìm. Voice ~ time, ùine ionnsaigh
ghuthaontogeny n ontaighineachd f. ~ recapitulates phylogeny, nì ontaighineachd atharrais air
fìolaighineachdontogenesis, ontaighiniúint
ontological a ont-eòlach. ~ commitment, geall-bheachd ont-eòlachontology n ont-eòlas m, gen -ais onteolaíocht fopacity n trìd-dhoilleireachd f. Transparency and ~, trìd-shoilleireachd agus trìd-
dhoilleireachdteimhneacht f
open a fosgailte. ~ class, clas fosgailte. ~ juncture, tar-cheangal fosgailte. ~ syllable, lide fosgailte. ~ transition, tar-atharrachadh fosgailte. ~ vowel, fuaimreag fhosgailte
oscailte. ~ vowel, guta oscailte
open approximation n phr co-fhagasachd f fhosgailteoperand n obrant m, pl —anoperation n obrachadh m, gen -adh, pl -aidhean (math) oibriú moperator n obraiche m, pl —anopposite a comhaireach
n comhair f• dearbh-aghaidh m
n contrárthacht f
opposition n comhaireachd f, pl —an. Bilateral ~, comhaireachd dhà-thaobhach. Binary ~, comhaireachd dhà-àireimh. Leading to ~ of the opposition, ag adhbharachadh gun tuit a’ chomhaireachd
optative (OPT) 1 a guidheach. ~ inflection, in-fhilleadh guidheach2 guidheach m, gen & pl -ich
a & s guítheach
Optimality Theory n phr Teòiridh m na Feabhasachdoptional a roghnach. ~ and obligatory, roghnach agus èignichte. ~ valent, vàlant
roghnach. It is an extraordinary thing that the exemplar should have been so closely followed, not only in the end rhymes but also in the frequency of these ~ rhymes on the first stressed syllable, is rud iongantach e gun rachadh an ro-shamhla leantainn cho dlùth, chan ann a’ mhàin anns na comhardaidhean-deiridh, ach cuideachd ann an tricead nan comhardaidhean roghnach a tha seo air a’ chiad lide le beum
roghnach
oral a 1 expressed with labhairt. ~ skills, sgilean labhairt. There will be a continuing emphasis on ~ skills, leanaidh cudthrom air sgilean labhairt. To provide children from non-Gaelic backgrounds with basic ~ competence in Gaelic, comas-labhairt
oral examination, scrúdú m cainteorally adv ó bhéal
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Gàidhlig Albannach Gàidhlig Èireannach
bunaiteach a bhuileachadh air clann à àrainneachd gun Ghàidhlig. A greater emphasis on ~ work, cudthrom nas motha air obair labhairt. From ~ or written materials, bho stuthan labhairt no stuthan sgrìobhte. The genre of ~ messages is often revealed as much by intonation as by the words themselves, tha gnè labhairt gu tric ’ga foillseachadh le fuaimneachadh cainnte agus chan ann a-mhàin leis na faclan fhèin
• expressed with beòil. ~ fluency, fileantachd bheòil. ~ literature, litreachas beòil• expressed with cainnt-bheòil gen. To concentrate on the development of ~ skills, a
bhith a’ cur cudthroim air sgilean cainnt-bheòil a thoirt gu fàs. It is the ~ outcomes that will provide the main basis for thinking about experiences, ’s e cainnt-bheòil a’ phrìomh stèidh gus smaoineachadh mu nithean a dh’fhiosraichteadh. Children will be asked to produce short ~ or written accounts, iarrar air a’ chloinn cunntasan goirid ann an cainnt-bheòil no ann an sgrìobhadh a chur ri chèile. A brief ~ account might be given to the group, dh’fhaoidte iomradh goirid a thoirt don bhuidhinn, ann an cainnt-bheòil
• expressed with beul-aithris f. Stories, songs and legends, powerful ~ bases of the culture, sgeulachdan, òrain is uirsgeulan, beul-aithris chumhachdach a tha aig bonn ’s aig bunait an dualchais. ~ source, stòr beul-aithris
2 (ling) beòil. ~ vowel, fuaimreag bheòil. ~ stop, consan dùinte bheòil. ~ and nasal vowels, fuaimreagan beòil agus srònach
oral competence n phr comas m labhairt, gen comais labhairt. Gaining ~ ~ in Gaelic, gus comas labhairt fhaotainn sa Ghàidhlig
oral composition n phr aiste-bheòil f, pl aistidhean-beòiloral fluency n phr 1 comas m labhairt, gen comais labhairt. To enable pupils to
acquire ~ ~ in Gaelic, gus comas a thoirt do chloinn comas labhairt a thogail anns a’ Ghàidhlig
2 fileantachd bheòil. Writing will begin after ~ ~ is developed, tòisichidh sgrìobhadh an dèidh fileantachd bheòil a thoirt air adhart
oral language n phr cainnt-bheòil f. Emphasis on ~ ~, cudthrom air cainnt-bheòiloral proficiency n phr comas m labhairtoral tradition n phr beul-aithris forally adv expressed with cainnt-bheòil. Providing, either ~ or in writing a
considered personal view, a’ toirt, ann an cainnt-bheòil no ann an sgrìobhadh, làn bheachd pearsanta. In order to respond either ~ or in writing, gus freagairt a thoirt ann an cainnt-bheòil no ann an sgrìobhadh
• expressed with beòil. They will report ~ to teacher, bheir iad aithisg bheòil don tidsear
orality n beulas m, gen -aisoral tract n phr slighe f a’ bheòilorder n 1 òrdugh m, gen -uigh, pl -uighean. Linear ~, òrdugh lìneach. Structural ~,
òrdugh structarach2 ìre f, pl —an. First ~, ciad ìre. Second ~, dàrna ìre. Third ~, treas ìre. Third ~
nominal, ainmearach den treas ìreorder v tr òrdaich, vn -achadh m
ordered a òrdaichte, an òrdugh. ~ rules, riaghailtean òrdaichteordering n òrdugh m, gen -uigh, also òrdachadh m, gen -aidh. Intrinsic and extrinsic
~, òrdachadh intreach agus eistreachordinal a òrdail. ~ numeral, cunntair òrdail 1 a (uimhir) oird. 2 n orduimhir forganic a organachoriginal a tùsail. ~ consonant, consan tùsail. ~ vowel, fuaimreag thùsail ~ consonant, bunchonsan m. ~
vowel, bunghuta moro-nasal a beul-shrònachoropharyngeal a beul-fharaingeach. ~ cavity, cuas beul-fharaingeachorthography n 1 ceart-litreachadh m, gen -aidh
• litreachadh m, gen -aidh. Standardisation of ~, bun-tomhasachadh litreachaidh2 dòigh-litreachaidh f, pl dòighean-litreachaidh
ceartlitriú m, litriú
ostension n os-comharrachadh m, gen -aidhostensive a os-comharraichte. ~ definition, deimhneid os-comharraichteOSV language n cànan m OSGottava rima n phr ottava rima moutput n às-solar m, gen -air, pl —an. ~ conditions, cumhaichean às-solairoverdifferentiated a ro-dhiofaraichteoverdifferentiation n ro-dhiofarachadh m, gen -aidhoverextension n ro-leudachadh m, gen -aidhovergeneration n ro-ghineadh m, gen -idhoverlap n, overlapping n, tar-iathadh m, gen -aidh, pl -aidhean scair f, rádal moverlapping a tar-iathach. ~ allophones, alafonan tar-iathachover-length n ro-fhad m, gen ro-fhaid
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Gàidhlig Albannach Gàidhlig Èireannach
over-long a ro-fhada. ~ vowel, fuaimreag ro-fhadaovert a follaiseachOV language n cànan m OGOVS language n cànan m OGSoxymoron n ocsamòran m, gen -ainoxytone n ocsaton m, gen -oin
Ppaean n paean m, pl paeanan paeán mpaeanic a paeanach. ~ feet, troighean paeanach. In the first three lines of the verse there
are three syllables with lesser stress between each syllable with main stress, which we might call “paeanic feet”, anns a’ chiad trì sreathan den rainn tha trì lidean le beum as lugha eadar gach lide le prìomh bheum, ris am faoidte “troighean paeanach” a ràdh. The second foot is ~ or trochaic, i.e. having an odd number (three or one respectively) of syllables with lesser stress between the syllables having main stress, tha an dara troigh paeanach no tròicèach, i.e. le àireimh chòrr (a trì no a h-aon fa leth) de lidean le beum as lugha eadar na lidean air a bheil prìomh bheum
pairwise a eadar paidhir (de nithean). ~ opposition, comhaireachd eadar paidhir (de nithean)
palaeography n palaegrafachd f palaegrafaíocht fpalaeontology n palae-ointeòlas m, gen -ais. Linguistic ~, palae-ointeòlas m cànanachpalatal 1 a palatach. ~ consonant, consan palatach. This pronunciation, as ~ “-nt-”,
occurs generally in the dialect for the palatal consonant group “-thn-”, gheibhear am fuaimneachadh seo, mar “-nt-” phalatach, am bitheantas san dualchainnt a tha ann air a’ chòmhlan-chonsan “-thn-” phalatach. Front ~, palatach beulaibh. Medio-palatal, meadhan-phalatach
2 n palatach m, gen & pl -aich
1 a carballach, pailitiúil. 2 n consan carballach, pailitiúil
palatalisation n palatachadh m, gen -aidh caolú mpalatalise v tr palataich, vn -achadh m
palatalised a palataichte. This is a dative form of a feminine word with the word-ending ~, ’s e seo riochd tabhartach de dh’fhacal boireanta leis an deireadh-fhacail palataichte. ~ quality, càileachd phalataichte
palatalised a caol. Palatalised quality, caoile f
palate n (anat) palat m• glainean m, gen -ein. Hard ~, glainean cruaidh. Soft ~, glainean bog
(hard) ~, carball m. Soft ~, coguas m
palato-alveolar a palat-ailbhealachpalatography n palatagrafachd fpalimpsest n pailimseist f pailmseist fpalindrome n paileandrom m, gen -oim, pl —an palandróm mpanchronic a pancronachpanegyric 1 a. ~ verse, bàrdachd mholaidh
2 n duan-molaidh m, gen & pl duain-mholaidh1 n adhmholadh m. 2 a adhmholtach
panlectal a uile-chainnteachparadigm n paradaim m, pl —ean. ~ and syntagm, paradaim agus siontam. ~ economy,
eaconamaidh paradaimtábla m, paradaím
paradigmatic a paradaimeach. ~ and syntagmatic, paradaimeach agus siontamach. ~ relation, dàimhealachd pharadaimeach
táblach, paradaímeach
paradox n paradacs m, pl —an paradacsa mparagoge n eàrr-fhadachadh m, gen -aidh
• paragoig fparagraph n paragraf m, pl —an. ~ is a further feature of textual organisation, tha
paragraf a-rithist ri fhaotainn ann an òrdanachadh theacsaichean. Verse and ~ are descriptive terms for features of text, ’s e ainmean a tha ann an rann agus paragraf a bheir iomradh air nithean a bhuineas do theacsa
paragraf m
paralanguage n para-chànan m, gen -ainparallel constructions, gleusan m pl co-shìnteparallelism n co-shìnteachas m, gen -ais comhthreomhaireacht f,
parailéachas mparameter n paraimeadar m, gen -air, pl —an. Articulatory ~s, paraimeadaran altachailparasitic gap n phr beàrn m parasaiteach, gen beàrn pharasaitichparasitic vowel n phr = epenthetic vowel n phr, q.v. s.v. epenthetic aparasynthetic a para-cho-thàthte. ~ compound, co-fhilleadh para-cho-thàthteparataxis n (= coordination n) parataicis f (= co-inbheachd f)parenthesis n (gram) eadar-ràdh m, gen -àidh, pl —an idiraisnéis fparenthetical verb n phr gnìomhair m eadar-ràdhach, gen gnìomhair eadar-ràdhaich, pl
gnìomhairean eadar-ràdhachparent language n phr cànan m pàrantach, gen cànain phàrantaich, pl cànain phàrantach
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Gàidhlig Albannach Gàidhlig Èireannach
parisyllabic a co-lideach. ~ noun, ainmear co-lideachparody n paròid f scigaithris fparole n parole fparonomasia n paranamasaidh m
• cainnt-chluich fimeartas m focal
paronym n paranaim m, pl —eanparonymic a paranaimeach. ~ attraction, tarraing pharanaimeachparoxytone n parocsaton m, gen -oinparse v tr pàirtich, vn -eachadh m
parsing n pàirteachadh m, gen -aidhmiondealaím, parsálaimmiondealú m, parsáil f
part npart of speech n phr mìr-cainnte m, pl mìrean-cainnteprincipal parts (of verb) prìomh-mhìrean (gnìomhair)
(gram) parts of speech, ranna m pl cainte. Principal parts (of verb), prìomhranna (briathair)
partial a pàirteil. ~ correlation, co-dhàimh phàirteil ~ correlation, páirt-chomhghaolupartial assimilation n phr co-choslachadh m pàirteil, gen co-choslachaidh phàirteilparticipant n com-pàirtiche m, pl —an a & s rannpháirteach (m)participial a rann-gabhalach. ~ adjective, buadhair rann-gabhalach. ~ relative clause,
clàsa dàimheach rann-gabhalachrangabhálach
participle n rann-gabhail m, pl —ean. Past ~, rann-gabhail caithte. Present ~, rann-gabhail làthaireach
rangabháil f
particle n (gram) mion-fhacal m, gen & pl -ail. Adverbial ~, mion-fhacal co-ghnìomhaireil. Conjunctive ~, mion-fhacal naisgeil. Interrogative ~, mion-fhacal ceisteach. Negative ~, mion-fhacal àicheil. Numeric ~, mion-fhacal àireamhail. Relative ~, mion-fhacal dàimheil. Vocative ~, mion-fhacal gairmeach. ~ movement, gluasad mion-fhacail
páirteagal m, mír f
particularise v tr sònraich, vn sònrachadh mparticularised a sònraichte
particularising a sònrachaidh m gen. The ~ postclitic -sa, an t-iar-chlaonan sònrachaidh -sa
partitive (PART) 1 a pàirteach. ~ case, tuiseal pàirteach2 n pàirteach m, gen & pl -ich
rannaíoch
passage n earrann f, gen -ainn, pl -ainnean sliocht mpassive (gram) (PASS) 1 a (a) fulangach. ~ voice, guth fulangach. ~ participle, rann-
gabhail fulangach(b) neo-ghnìomhach. Active and ~ vocabulary, briathrachas gnìomhach agus neo-
ghnìomhach2 n fulangach m, gen -aich
(gram) céasta. The ~ voice, an fhaí chéasta
past a (gram) caithte. ~ tense, tràth caithte. The effects possible with present and ~ tense narration, na buaidhean a ghabhas a chruthachadh le seanchas anns an tràth làthaireil no chaithte
(gram) caite. ~ tense, an aimsir chaite
past anterior a phr caithte ro-shuidhichte. ~ ~ form, riochd caithte ro-shuidhichtepastoral a. Pastoral poem, dàn-aoghaireach m, gen & pl dàin-aoghaireach 1 a tréadach. 2 n (music, lit)
tréadachpast participle n phr rann-gabhail m caithte, gen rann-gabhail chaithte, pl rann-gabhailean
caithtepath n slighe f, pl —anpatient n iom-fhulangach m, gen & pl -aich. Agent and ~, obraiche agus iom-fhulangachpatron n pàtranach m, gen & pl -aich pátrún mpatronymic n patranaim m, pl —ean
• sloinneadh m, gen -idh, pl -idheanainm m sinsearachta
pattern n pàtran m, gen & pl -ain. ~ congruity, congruachd phàtrain. Pitch ~, pàtran tòn-àirde
paucal a tearcail. ~ inflection, in-fhilleadh tearcail. Dual, trial and ~, deise, trianach agus tearcail
pause n fosadh m, gen -aidh, pl -aidhean. Silent ~, fosadh sàmhach moilliú mP-Celtic pr n P-Cheiltispeak n bàrr m, gen barra, pl barran. Syllable ~, bàrr an lidepejorative 1 a tarcaiseach. ~ sense, seagh tarcaiseach
2 tarcaiseach m, gen & pl -ich(a) a tarcaisneach. (b) n focal tarcaisneach
pental a còigeach. Decimal and ~ systems, siostaman deicheach agus còigeachpentameter n peintimeadar m peintiméadar mpenultimate a leth-dheireannach. In the chorus the second stress comes on the ~
syllable, anns an fhonn tha an dara beum a’ tighinn air an lide leth-dheireannach1 a leathdhéanach. 2 n siolla m leathdhéanach
perception n mothachadh m, gen -aidhperceptual a mothachail. Principle of sufficient ~ separation, prionnsabal a thaobh na
dh’fhòghnas de dhealachadh mothachail percolation n tar-shìothladh m, gen -aidh síothlú m
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Gàidhlig Albannach Gàidhlig Èireannach
perfect (PF) 1 a (gram) foirfe. The ~ tense, an tràth foirfe. Past ~, foirfe caithte. Present ~, foirfe làthaireach. Future ~, foirfe teachdail
2 n foirfe f, pl —an
(gram) foirfe. The ~ (tense), an aimsir fhoirfe, an foirfe. Future ~, fáistineach foirfe
perfective (PERF) a foirfeach. The ~ aspect, an t-aogas foirfeach foirfeachperfectivity n foirfeachd f foirfeacht fperformance n iomairt f
• coileanadh m, gen -aidh, pl -aidheanléiriú m
performative 1 a iomairteach. ~ utterance, gnìomh-labhairt iomairteach. ~ verb, gnìomhair iomairteach. ~ and constative, iomairteach agus constaideach
2 iomairteach, m & pl -ich. Explicit ~, iomairteach eisplichteperiodic a pèireadach (math) peireodachperiodicity a pèireadachas mperipheral a for-iomallach. ~ case role, roile tuiseil fhor-iomallachperiphery n for-iomall m, gen & pl -aill forimeall mperiphrasis a for-leathnachadh m, gen -aidh. Escape strategies by ~ are common in
more complex cases, gu tric thathar a’ faighinn às bhon duilgheadas tro fhor-leathnachadh sna cùisean as toinnte
timchaint f, imlabhra f
periphrastic a for-leathnach. ~ construction, gleus-cainnte for-leathnach timchainteachperispomenon n peireaspoman m, gen -ainperlative (PERL) 1 a peirleatach. ~ case, tuiseal peirleatach
2 n peirleatach m, gen & pl -aichperlocutionary a trìd-labhairteach. ~ speech act, gnìomh-cainnt trìd-labhairteachpermanent a maireannach. ~ diglossia, dà-theangachas maireannachpermansive 1 a feasdach. ~ tense, tràth feasdach
2 n feasdach m, gen & pl -aichpermissive a ceadachail. ~ mood, modh ceadachail ceadaitheachpermitted a ceadaichte. ~ term, briathar ceadaichte ~ term, téarma ceadaithepermutation n iom-mhalairt fperseveration n buanachadh m, gen -aidh. ~ error, mearachd bhuanachaidh (persevering a buanseasmhach)perseverative a buanachail. ~ coarticulation, co-altachadh buanachail. ~ assimilation,
co-choslachadh buanachailPersian pr n (lang) Peirsis f Peirsis fperson n (gram) pearsa m, pl —chan. First ~ singular, a’ chiad phearsa singilte. Second
~ dual, an dara pearsa deise. Third ~ plural, an treas pearsa iomarra. Effects created by first or third ~ narrative, buaidhean a tha mar thoradh air seanchas anns a’ chiad no anns an treasa pearsa. Inclusive person, pearsa co-àireamhach. ~ deixis, deicse phearsa
(gram) pearsa f. Verb in the first ~, briathar sa chéad phearsa
personal a pearsanta. ~ infinitive, neo-fhinideach pearsanta. ~ pronoun, riochdair pearsanta
pearsanta
personification n pearsanachadh m, gen -aidhpetrified a reothta. ~ form, riochd reothta sioctha, reoite, iontaisithe, cailcithepharyngeal a faraingeach. ~ consonant, consan faraingeach faraingeachpharyngealisation n faraingeachadh m, gen -aidhpharynx n faraing f faraing fphase n co-phàsa m pas f, comhphas fphatic a fataigeach. ~ function, fuincsean fataigeachphenomenon n feinimean m, gen & pl -ein
• tachartas m, gen -ais, pl —an. This is only an adventitious ~, ’s ann a thoradh air tuiteamas a-mhàin a thachras seo
feiniméan
philological n a thaobh eòlais-cànain focleolaíochphilologist n eòlaiche-cànain m, pl eòlaichean-cànain focleolaíphilology n eòlas-cànain m, gen eòlais-cànain focleolaíocht fphonation n fònachadh m, gen -aidh. ~ types, seòrsachan fònachaidhphonatory setting n phr in-shuidheachadh m fònachail, gen in-shuidhichidh fhònachail, pl
in-shuidhichidhean fònachailphone (gram) n foghar m, gen & pl -airphonematic a fòineimeadach. ~ unit, aonad fòineimeadachphoneme n fòineim m, pl —ean fóinéim mphonemic a fòineimeach. ~ transcription, tar-sgrìobhadh fòineimeach. ~ script, sgriobta
fòineimeach. ~ representation, riochdachadh fòineimeachfóinéimeach
phonemicise v tr fòineimich, vn fòineimeachadh mphonemicisation n fòineimeachadh, gen fòineimeachaidhphonemics n fòineimig mphonetic a fogharach. ~ status, inbhe fhòineimeach. ~ spelling, litreachadh fogharach. ~
symbol, comharra fogharach. ~ determinative, cinnteachasach fogharach. ~ form (PF), riochd fogharach. ~ notation, notaireachd fhogharach. . ~ representation, riochdachadh fogharach. ~ similarity, cosmhaileachd fhogharach. ~ transcription, tar-sgrìobhadh fogharach
foghraíochta. ~ spelling, litriú foghraíochta. ~ symbol, comhthartha foghraíochta. ~ transcription, fogharscrìobh m
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Gàidhlig Albannach Gàidhlig Èireannach
phonetician n fogharaiche m, pl —an foghraíphonetic naturalness n phr nàdarrachd f fhogharachphonetics n fogharachd f. Acoustic ~, fogharachd fhuaim-eòlach. Articulatory ~,
fogharachd altachail• eòlas m fogharachd, gen eòlais fhogharachd
foghraíocht f
phonic a fònach. ~ substance, susbaint fhònach. ~ medium, meadhan fònach• fuaim. Through a programme which should develop ~ and blending skills, tro
phrògram a dh’fheumadh sgilean fuaim agus cothlamaidh a thoirt air adhart
foghrach
phonogram n fònagram m, gen f-aim, pl f—anphonological a fòn-eòlach. ~ system, siostam fòn-eòlach. ~ word, facal fòn-eòlach. ~ly
conditioned, cumhaichte gu fòn-eòlach. ~ change, atharrachadh fòn-eòlachfóineolaíochta. ~ change, athrú fóineolaíochta
phonologisation n fòn-eòlachadh m, gen -aidhphonologised a fòn-eòlaichte. ~ difference, eadar-dhealachadh fòn-eòlaichtephonology n fòn-eòlas m, gen -ais. Generative ~, fòn-eòlas ginearadach. Level of ~, ìre
fòn-eòlais. Loan word ~, fòn-eòlas facail-iasaid. Metrical ~, fòn-eòlas meadrachail. Non-linear ~, fòn-eòlas neo-lìneach
fóineolaíocht f
phonotactics n fòna-tactaig mphrasal a abairteach. ~ category, catagaraidh abairteach. ~ comparative, coimeasach
abairteach. ~ coordination, co-inbheachd abairteach. ~ genitive, ginideach abairteach. ~ verb, gnìomhair abairteach
phrase n abairt f, gen —e, pl —ean. Adjectival ~, abairt bhuadhaireach. Adverbial ~, abairt cho-ghnìomhaireil. Conjunctive ~, abairt naisgeil. Nounal ~, abairt ainmearach. Prepositional ~, abairt roimhearach. Verbal ~, abairt ghnìomhaireach. New words and ~s, faclan ùra agus abairtean ùra. Reading the first ~s of a text, a’ leughadh a’ chiad dhà no trì abairtean de theacsa. Some everyday courtesy ~s, na h-uiread de dh’abairtean-modh làitheil. This song is in strophic metre, with one strophe in each verse and four ~s in each strophe, ’s e meadrachd stròfach a tha air an òran seo, le aon stròf anns gach rann agus ceithir abairtean anns gach stròf
frása m
phrase marker n phr comharra m abairte, pl comharraidhean abairtephrase structure n phr structar m abairte, gen structair abairte. ~ ~ grammar, gràmar
structair abairte. ~ ~ rule, riaghailt structair abairte. ~ ~ tree, craobh structair abairtephylogeny n fìolaighineachd f. Ontogeny recapitulates ~, nì ontaighineachd atharrais air
fìolaighineachdphylum n fìolam m, gen -aim, pl —anpictogram n pioctagram m, gen -aim, pl —anpidgin n pidsin m, pl —eanpidginisation n pidsineachadh m, gen -aidhpied piping n phr slaodadh m leis, gen slaodaidh leispitch n tòn-àirde f, gen —, pl tòn-àirdean. ~ morpheme, moirfeim tòn-àirde. ~ phoneme,
fòineim tòn-àirde. ~ pattern, pàtran tòn-àirde. Low and high voice will be used to describe ~ in spoken texts, bithear a’ cleachdadh guth ìosal agus guth àrd gu bhith a’ comharrachadh tòn-àirde ann am teacsaichean beòil
pitch accent n aiceann m tòn-àirde, gen aicinn tòn-àirde, pl aiceannan tòn-àirdehigher-pitched sound n phr fuaim m le tòn-àirde as àirdelower-pitched sound n phr fuaim m le tòn-àirde as ìsle
(music) áirde f
pivot n maighdeag f, gen -eig, pl —an maighdeóg fplanning n dealbhachadh m, gen -aidh. Language ~, dealbhachadh cànainplace n àite m, pl —an, —achan. ~ of articulation, àite altachaidh
• ionad m, gen -aid, pl —an. Adverbial of ~, co-ghnìomhaireil ionaidplace-name n ainm-àite m, pl ainmean-àiteplace of articulation n phr àite m altachaidh, pl àiteachan altachaidhpleonasm n ro-fhaclachas m, gen -ais iomarcaíocht f focal, rófhoclachas
mpleonastic a ro-fhaclach iomarcach, rófhoclachplosion n pleasgadh m, gen -aidh. Alveolar ~, pleasgadh ailbhealach. Dental ~, pleasgadh
deudach. Lateral ~, pleasgadh taobhach. Nasal ~, pleasgadh srònachplosive 1 a pleasgach. ~ consonant, consan pleasgach
2 n pleasgach, gen & pl -aich. ~s and implosives, pleasgaich agus in-phleasgaicha & n (consan) pléascach (m)
pluperfect 1 a os-fhoirfe. ~ verb, gnìomhair os-fhoirfe2 n os-fhoirfe f, pl —an
a & s ollfhoirfe (m)
plural (PL)1 a iomarra. The ~ number, an àireamh iomarra2 n iomarra m, pl —n. We have here an unusual singular form created by back-
formation from the ~, ’s e a tha againn an seo riochd singilte neo-àbhaisteach a thàinig tro ais-riochdachadh bhon iomarra
(gram) a & n iolra (m)
pluralia tantum n pluralia tantumplus sign (+) n phr soighne m cuir-rispoem n 1 dàn m, gen & pl -àin. The text may be, for example, a ~, an illustrated page dàn m
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Gàidhlig Albannach Gàidhlig Èireannach
from a children’s book, or a spoken message, mar eisimpleirean de theacsaichean tha dàn, duilleag le dealbh bho leabhar chloinne, no teachdaireachd bheòil. Tales and ~s, stòiridhean agus dàin. They should expect the ~ to develop through its verses, bu chòir dùil a bhith aca gum bi an dàn a’ fàs o rann gu rann
2 duan m, gen & pl -uain. ~s have strong rhymes, tha comhardadh làidir ann an duain. ~s may no longer always have rhymes, ’s dòcha nach bi comhardadh daonnan a-nis anns na duain
3 pl expressed with bàrdachd f. There must be early exposure of pupils to a wide range of stories and ~s, feumar a’ chlann a chur gu tràth an lùib sreath fharsaing de stòiridhean agus de bhàrdachd
dramatic poem n phr dàn-dràmadach m, gen dàin-dhràmadaich, pl dàin-dhràmadachepic poem n phr dàn-mòr m, gen dàin-mhòir, pl dàin-mhòraeulogy n dàn-molaidh m, gen & pl dàin-mholaidhlyric poem n phr ealaidh f, pl —eanpastoral poem n phr dàn-aoghaireach m, gen dàin-aoghairich, pl dàin-aoghaireachpoem sequence n phr sreath-dhàn m, pl sreathan-dhàn
poet n bàrd m, gen & pl -àird. Biographical details about ~s, fiosrachadh mu bheatha nam bàrd
file m
poetic a bàrdail. ~ function of language, fuincsean bàrdail aig cànan fileatapoetical a bàrdail. ~ word, facal bàrdailpoetics n eòlas-bàrdachd m, gen eòlais-bhàrdachd ealaín f na filíochtapoetry n bàrdachd f. ~ will have simple imagery, ’s e ìomhaigheachd shìmplidh a bhios
anns a’ bhàrdachd. ~ writing depends on wide experience of listening to and reading poems, tha sgrìobhadh bàrdachd an urra ri eòlas farsaing air a bhith ag èisteachd ri dàin agus ’gan leughadh
bardic poetry n phr bàrdachd f nan sgoilnarrative poetry n phr bàrdachd-sgeòil f. This approach is also valuable with ~ ~,
tha an dòigh-obrach seo feumail cuideachd le bàrdachd-sgeòil
filíocht f
polar a pòlarach. ~ interrogative, ceisteach pòlarach polachpolarity n pòlaras m, gen -ais polaraíocht fPolish pr n (lang) Polainnis fpolite form n phr riochd m modhail, gen riochd mhodhail, pl riochdan modhailpolygenesis n poiligineachas m, gen -aispolylectal a ioma-chainnteach. ~ grammar, gràmar ioma-chainnteachpolysemous a poiliseimeach. ~ noun, ainmear poiliseimeach ilchiallachpolysemy n poiliseimidhpolysyllabic a ioma-lideach, comp -ich. ~ word, facal ioma-lideach ilsiollachpolysyllable a ioma-lide m, pl —an ilsiolla mpolysyndeton n poilisindeaton mpolysynthetic a ioma-cho-thàthte. ~ language, cànan ioma-cho-thàthtepolysystemic a ioma-shiostamach. ~ analysis, anailis ioma-shiostamach. Monosystemic
and ~, aon-siostamach agus ioma-shiostamachpolytonicity n ioma-tònachd fpopular etymology n phr = folk etymology n phr, q.v.portmanteau morph n phr morf m cothlamaidh (cf. blend n)Portuguese pr n (lang) Portagailis f Portaingéilis fposition n suidheachadh m, gen suidhichidh, pl suidhichidhean suíomh mpositional a suidheachail. ~ variants, caochlaich shuidheachailpositive a (= affirmative a) deimhinneach (= aontach). ~ sentence, seantans
deimhinneachpositive degree (of adjective) n phr bun-ìre f. Often in the bard’s dialect it is an
adjective in the comparative degree which follows the adverb “cho”, and not one in the ~ ~, gu tric ann an dualchainnt a’ bhàird ’s e buadhair anns an ìre choimeasaich a leanas an roimhear “cho”, agus chan e fear anns a’ bhun-ìre
deimhneach, dearfach(gram) Positive (degree), bunchéim f
positive polarity item n phr nì m (facal m etc) le pòlaras deimhinneachpositivism n posaitibheachas m, gen -ais. Logical ~, posaitibheachas lòidsigeach posaitíbheachas mpossessive (POSS) 1 a seilbheach. ~ adjective, buadhair seilbheach. ~ pronoun, riochdair
seilbheach. ~ case, tuiseal seilbheach. ~ construction, gleus seilbheach2 n seilbheach m, gen & pl -ich. Independent ~s, seilbhich neo-eisimeileach
1 a. ~ adjective, aidiacht shealbhach. 2 a & n. The ~ (case), (an tuiseal) sealbhach (m)
possessive compound n (= bahuvrihi n) co-fhilleadh m seilbheach, gen co-fhillidh sheilbhich, pl co-fhillidhean seilbheach (= bahuvrihi m)
possessor ascension n phr dìreadh m sealbhadair, gen dìridh shealbhadairpossibility n. This is one possibility, seo aon suidheachadh a dh’fhaodadh a bhith ann.
The various possibilities that exist, an caochladh suidheachadh a dh’fhaodadh a bhith ann
post-aspirated a iar-anailichtepost-aspiration n iar-analachadh m, gen -aidh
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Gàidhlig Albannach Gàidhlig Èireannach
post-alveolar a iar-ailbhealach. ~ consonant, consan iar-ailbhealachpostclitic n iar-chlaonan m, gen & pl iar-chlaonain. The particularising ~ -sa, an t-iar-
chlaonan sònrachaidh -sapostdeterminer n iar-chinntiche m, pl —anpostmodifier n iar-mhion-atharraiche m, pl —anpostposition n iar-fhacal m, gen & pl -ailpostpositional a iar-fhaclach. ~ phrase, abairt iar-fhaclachpost-lexical a iar-leicseachail. ~ rule, riaghailt iar-leicseachailpostulate n postalaid f, pl —eanpost-vocalic a iar-fhuaimreagach. ~ consonant, consan iar-fhuaimreagachpotential 1 a in-chothromach. ~ mood, modh in-chothromach
• le cothrom. Unstressed forms of non-lexical words that are ~ly stressed in certain conditions, riochdan gun bheum de dh’fhaclan neo-leicseachail aig a bheil cothrom beum a bhith orra fo chuid de chumhachan
2 in-chothromach m, gen & pl -aich
tualangach. The ~ mood, an modh cumais
potentiality n in-cothromachd f tualangacht fpower n cumhachd fpowerful a cumhachdachpragmatic a (ling) pragmatach. ~ ambiguity, dà-sheaghachas pragmatach. ~
presupposition, ro-bharail phragmatach(phil) pragmatach
pragmatics (ling) n pragmataig mpre-antepenultimate a for-ro-leth-dheireannach. ~ syllable, lide for-ro-leth-dheireannachpreaspirate v tr ro-analaich, vn -achadh m
preaspirated a ro-anailichtepreaspiration n ro-analachadh m, gen -aidhprecative 1 a iarrtach. ~ mood, modh iarrtach
2 iarrtach m, gen & pl -aichprécis n geàrr-thuairisgeal m, gen & pl -eil coimre fpredeterminer n ro-chinntiche m, pl —anpredicate 1 n aisneis f, pl —ean. Two-place ~, aisneis dà-ionaid
2 mod aisneiseach. ~ nominal, ainmearach aisneiseach. ~ calculus, calcalas aisneiseach
(gram) faisnéis f
predication n aisneiseachadh m, gen -aidhpredicator n aisneisiche m, pl —anpredicative a aisneiseach. ~ verb, gnìomhair aisneiseach. ~ and attributive adjectives,
buadhairean aineiseach agus buaidh-aithriseach(gram) faisnéisach
predict v tr fàisnich, vn fàisneachadhpredicted a fàisnichte. ~ by realisation rules, fàisnichte le riaghailtean rèalachaidh
predictable a ion-fhàisneachailprediction n fàisneachd f fáistinepredictive 1 a ro-aithriseach. ~ inflection, in-fhilleadh ro-aithriseach tairngeartach, réamhaithriseachpreface n ro-ràdh m, gen -àidh, pl —an réamhrá mprefix n ro-leasachan m, gen & pl -ain. Feminine ~, ro-leasachan boireanta. Inseparable
~, ro-leasachan do-sgaraichte. Negative ~, ro-leasachan àicheil. ~ and suffix will be used in discussion which centres on individual words, cleachdar ro-leasachan agus iar-leasachan ann am beachdachadh air faclan fa leth
réimír f
prefix v tr cuir mar ro-leasachan (ri facal)prefixed a ro-leasaichte• air a chur mar ro-leasachan (ri facal). The ~ “d-” occurs in the conditional forms of
this verb, gheibhear an ro-leasachan “d-”anns na riochdan cumhach den ghnìomhair seo
(gram) cuirim mar réimír (le focal)
prefixal a ro-leasachanach. ~ form, riochd ro-leasachanach. ~ negative, àicheach ro-leasachanach
prefixation n ro-leasachanachadh m, gen -aidh• cur m ro-leasachain ri
prelinguistic a ro-chànanach. ~ stage, ìre ro-chànanachpremise n ro-stèidh f. A conclusion may be built up from a basic set of facts or ~s,
faodar oibreachadh a dh’ionnsaigh co-dhùnaidh bho fhiosrachadh no ro-stèidh bunaiteach
(logic) réamhleagan m
premodifier n ro-atharraiche m, pl —anprenasalised a ro-shrònaichte. ~ stop, consan dùinte ro-shrònaichtepreparatory condition n phr cumha f ullachail, pl cumhaichean ullachailprepose v tr ro-chuir, vn ro-chur m
preposed a air ro-churpreposition n roimhear m, gen -eir, pl —an. Augmented ~, roimhear for-leasaichte.
Complex ~, roimhear co-thoinnte. Compound ~, roimhear co-fhillte. Intransitive ~, roimhear neo-aisigeach. Simple ~, roimhear sìmplidh. Transitive ~, roimhear aisigeach. The ~ “dha” does not cause lenition in this dialect, chan eil an roimhear “dha” a’
réamhfhocal m
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dèanamh sèimheachaidh anns an dualchainnt seoprepositional a roimhearach. ~ phrase, abairt roimhearach. ~ relative, dàimheach
roimhearach. ~ verb, gnìomhair roimhearachprepositional pronoun n phr riochdair roimhearach, gen riochdair roimhearaich, pl
riochdairean roimhearach. Many of the ~ ~s are quite different in this dialect, tha cuid mhòr de na riochdairean roimhearach gu math eadar-dhealaichte san dualchainnt seo
réamhfhoclach
preposition stranding n phr trèigeadh m roimheirprescriptive (PRESCR) 1 a òrdachail. ~ grammar, gràmar òrdachail. This list is
descriptive and not ~, ’s ann tuairisgeulach agus chan ann òrdachail a tha an liosta seo. This is the form of the verbal noun in the dialect, and not what one would expect from ~ grammar, ’s e seo an riochd a tha air an ainmear ghnìomhaireach anns an dualchainnt, chan e am fear ris am bite an dùil a-rèir gràmair òrdachail. Prescriptive inflection, in-fhilleadh òrdachail
2 n òrdachail, f, pl òrdachaileanpresent a (gram) làthaireach. ~ tense, tràth làthaireach. The effects possible with ~ and
past tense narration, na buaidhean a ghabhas a chruthachadh le seanchas anns an tràth làthaireach no chaithte. ~ participle, rann-gabhail làthaireach
(gram) láithreach. The ~ (tense), (an aimsir) láithreach (m)
presentational a foillseachail. ~ construction, gleus foillseachailpresent participle n phr rann-gabhail m làthaireach, gen rann-gabhail làthairich, pl rann-
gabhailean làthaireachpresequence n ro-leantainn mprestige n cliù m cáil f, clú mpresumption n ro-bharail f, pl —ean. Communicative ~, ro-bharail cho-luadairpresupposition n ro-bharail f, pl —ean. Semantic ~, ro-bharail sheimeantach. Pragmatic
~, ro-bharail phragamatachpreterite 1 a preitiriteach
2 preitiriteach m, gen & pl -icha & n préitiríteach (m)a caite
preterminal a ro-chrìochnach. ~ node, nòd ro-chrìochnachpretheoretical a ro-theòiridheil. ~ term, briathar ro-theòiridheilpretonic a ro-thònach reamhaicinnprevarication n (ling) mealltaireachd f caint sheachantach, caint
dhéchiallach, cocaireacht fpreverb n ro-ghnìomhair m, pl —ean réamhbhriathar mpreverbal a ro-ghnìomhaireach. ~ particle, mìrean ro-ghnìomhaireachprevocalic a ro-fhuaimreagach. ~ consonant, consan ro-fhuaimreagach réamhghuthachprimary a prìomh preceding n. ~ sources, prìomh mhàthraichean, or prìomh bhunan. ~
and subsidiary stress, prìomh bheum agus fo-bheum. ~ tense, prìomh thràth~ tense, príomhaimsir f. ~ tenses, bun-aimsirí f pl
prime n (typ) prìomhan m, pl -ain. Marked with a ~, comharraichte le prìomhan. L prime, L phrìomhain
(math) n prime, n príomha
primitive 1 a primideach. ~ unit, aonad primideach. ~ Gaelic, Gàidhlig Phrimideach2 primideach m, gen & pl -ich
bunúsach, fréamhaí, cianach; (attrib) bunaidh. ~ Gaelic, Gaeilge Chianach
principal aprincipal clause n phr prìomh-chlàsa m, pl —nprincipal parts (of verb) n phr prìomh-mhìrean f plprincipal sentence n phr prìomh sheantans m, pl —an
(gram) Principal clause, príomhchlásal m
principle n prionnsabal m, gen & pl -ail. General ~s, prionnsabail choitcheann. Principle of least effort, prionnsabal beag oidhirp
print n 1 clò m. Whether in ~, sound or moving image, co-dhiù tha iad ann an clò, ann am fuaim no ann an ìomhaigh ghluasadaich. Knowledge children have gained about the conventions of ~ itself, eòlas a fhuair a’ chlann mu chleachdaidhean clò fhèin. Fine ~, clò mìn. Large ~, clò garbh
(typ) cló m. Large ~, small ~, clò mòr, clò beag
private verb n phr gnìomhair m prìobhaideach, gen gnìomhair phrìobhaidich, pl gnìomhairean prìobhaideach
privative a cùmhntach. Equipollent and ~ oppositions, comhaireachdan co-neartmhor agus cùmhntach
privilege of occurrence n phr àiteachan m pl suidheachaidhprobability n dòchaileachd f, pl —an. Transitional probabilities, dòchaileachdan tar-
atharrachaildóchúlacht f, cosúlacht f
procedure n dòigh-obrach f, pl dòighean-obrach. Top-down ~, dòigh-obrach mhullach-sìos. Using techniques such as cloze ~, a’ cleachdadh dhòighean-obrach mar tha lìonadh bheàrnachan
proceleusmatic a proiceileasmatach. We have no name for the kind of foot found here, in which four syllables with lesser stress come between the two main stresses of the half-line, unless we borrow, with a slight change of sense, the term “proceleusmatic”, chan eil ainm againn air an t-seòrsa troighe a gheibhear an seo, anns am faighear ceithir lidean le beum as lugha eadar an dà phrìomh bheum den leth-shreath,
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mur dèan sinn iasad, le beagan atharrachadh cèille, den bhriathar “proiceileasmatach”process n pròiseas m, gen -eis, pl —an. Morphological ~, pròiseas morf-eòlach.
Stochastic ~, pròiseas stocaisteach. Syntactic ~, pròiseas co-chàrail. Historical and synchronic ~es, pròiseasan eachdraidheil agus sioncronach
(logic) pròiseas m
proclitic 1 a ro-chlaonach2 n ro-chlaonan m, gen & pl -ain
a réamhchlaonachn réamhchlaonán m
prodelision n ro-bhàthadh m, gen -aidhproductive a cinneasach torthúil, bisiúil, táirgiúil, giniúnachproductivity n cinneasachd f torthúlacht f, bisiúlacht f,
táirgiúlacht fpro-form n leas-riochd m, pl —anprogressive 1 (PROG) (a) a adhartach. ~ verb form, riochd gnìomhair adhartach
(b) n adhartach m, gen & pl -aich. Present ~, adhartach làthaireach. Past ~, adhartach caithte
2 a for-cheumnach. ~ and regressive assimilation, co-choslachadh for-cheumnach agus ais-cheumnach
projection principle n phr prionnsabal m tionnsgnaidh, gen prionnsabail thionnsgnaidhprohibitive (PROHIB) 1 a casgach. ~ inflection, in-fhilleadh casgach
2 casgach m, gen & pl -aichtoirmeasgach
prolepsis (gram) n ro-thagradh m, gen -aidh (gram) réamhthagra mproleptic (gram) a ro-thagrach. ~ pronoun, roimhear ro-thagrach (gram) réamhthagrach. ~ pronoun,
réamhthagraí mprologue n ro-ràdh m, gen -àidh, pl —an brollach mprolongation n sìneadh m, gen -idhprominence n for-fhollaiseachd f suntasacht fprominent a for-fhollaiseach suntasach, feiceálachpromissive a gealltanach. ~ auxiliary verb, gnìomhair taiceil gealltanachpromotion n ceum-àrdachadh m, gen -aidh. ~ and demotion, ceum-àrdachadh agus ceum-
ìsleachadhpronominal a riochdaireil. ~ forms, cumaidhean riochdaireil forainmneachpronominalisation n riochdaireachadh m, gen -aidhpronoun n riochdair m, pl —ean. Demonstrative ~, riochdair comharrachaidh. Indefinite
~, riochdair neo-chinnteach. Interrogative ~, riochdair ceisteach. Personal ~, riochdair pearsanta. Possessive ~, riochdair seilbheach. Prepositional ~, riochdair roimhearach. Reciprocal ~, riochdair co-chèileach. Reflexive ~, riochdair fèineach. Relative ~, riochdair dàimheach
forainm m. Possessive ~, forainm sealbhach
pronounce v tr fuaimnich, vn -eachadh m fuaimním (focal)pronunciation n fuaimneachadh m, gen -aidh, pl -aidhean. That is the usual ~ of the
vowel, ’s e sin am fuaimneachadh àbhaisteach a bhitheas air an fhuaimreigfuaimniú m. He has a foreign ~, tá blas gallda aige
proparoxytone n ro-pharocsaton m, gen -oinproper a (ling) dìleas. ~ constituent, co-adhbhar dìleasproper noun n phr ainmear m dìleas, gen ainmeir dhìlis, pl ainmearan dìleas
• ainmear m sònrachaidh, gen ainmeir shònrachaidh, pl ainmearan sònrachaidh(gram) ~ ~, ainm dílis
property n buadh f, gen buaidh, pl —an, —annan. Redundant properties, buadhan os-barrasach
proportional a co-rèireach. ~ analogy, analaigidh cho-rèireach. ~ opposition, comhaireachd cho-rèireach
comhréireach
propose v tr cuir an tairgse, vn cur an tairgseproposed a. ~ underlying characterisation, caractarachadh ìochdarach a thathas a
cur an tairgseproposition n ciall-ràdh m, gen -àidh, pl —anpropositional a ciall-ràdhach. ~ content, susbaint chiall-ràdhach. ~ calculus, calcalas
ciall-ràdhachproscribe v tr toirmeasg, vn — mprose n rosg m, gen -uisg, pl —an. They will retain strong rhythms which no ~ text is
likely to possess, bi ruitheam làidir annta fhathast nach bi e coltach a bhith aig teacsa sam bith ann an rosg
prós m
prosecutive a for-leanailteach leanúna f gspro-sentence n leas-seantans m, pl —anprosodic a prosaideach. ~ phonology, fòn-eòlas prosaideachprosody n prosaid f prosóid fprosopopoeia n prosapapaìa mprospective (PROSP) 1 a ro-bheachdach. ~ aspect, aogas ro-bheachdach
2 ro-bheachdach m, gen & pl -aichatá le teacht
prosthesis n (ling) ro-shuidheachadh m, gen -aidhprosthetic a (ling) ro-shuidhichteprotasis n protais f. ~ and apodosis, protais agus apodois
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protean a caochlaideach a an cruth. The article in Gaelic is somewhat ~, tha an t-alt sa Ghàidhlig gu math caochlaideach an cruth
proterokinetic a ro-ghluasadach réamhghluaisteachprothesis (ling) n, see prosthesis nprotoform n tùs-riochd m, pl —anProto-Indo-European pr n Pròta-Ind-Eòrpais fprotolanguage n pròta-chànan m, gen & pl -ainprototonic a pròtatonach prótatonachprototype n tùs-shamhail m, gen -la, pl —ean. ~ theory n teòiridh f thùs-shamhailean (prototype n fréamhshamhail f)provection n ro-ghiùlan m, gen -ainproverb n sean-fhacal m, gen -ail, pl -lan seanfhocal mpro-verb n leas-ghnìomhair m, pl —eanproverbial a expressed with seanfhacal m, pl -lan. In idiomatic and ~ sayings, ann an
gnàthasan-cainnte ’s ann an seanfhaclan(rud) atá ina sheanfhocal
proximal a fagasail. Distal and ~, cèineil agus fagasailproximative (PROX)1 a fagasach. ~ and obviative, fagasach agus seachnach
2 n fagasach m, gen & pl -aichpseudo-, breug-. Pseudo-adjective, breug-bhuadhair. Pseudo-intransitive, breug-neo-
aisigeach. Pseudo-passive, breug-fhulangach. Pseudo-relative clause, clàsa breug-dhàimheach
pseudo-cleft n breug-sgoilteach m, gen & pl -ich. Reversed ~, breug-sgoilteach contrarrapsychology n sìc-eòlas m, gen -ais. Language ~, sìc-eòlas cànain síceolaíocht fpsycholinguistics n sìce-chànanachas m, gen -aispuff n puth m, gen —a, pl —an. ~ of air, puth èadhairpulmonic a sgamhanach. ~ air steam, sruth èadhair sgamhanach sgamhógachpun n car-fhacal m
• cainnt-chluich fimeartas m focal
pun v i bi ri car-fhacal• dèan cainnt-chluich
déanaim imeartas focal
punctual a pungail. ~ aspect, aogas pungail sprioctha, poncúil, féiltiúilpunctuate v tr puingich, vn pungadh m. Constructing, punctuating and linking
sentences, a’ cur ri chèile, a’ pungadh agus a’ ceangal sheantansan. Some of the main ways in which sentences are constructed and ~d, cuid de na prìomh dhòighean air seantansan a dheilbh agus a phungadh
poncaím
punctuation n pungadh m, gen -aidh. ~ and structure, pungadh agus rian, also pungadh agus cumadh. Writing fluently and with accurate spelling and ~, a bhith a’ sgrìobhadh gu fileanta, le litreachadh agus pungadh a tha dòigheil cothromach. Pupils will develop confidence in the manipulation of ~, bidh a’ chlann a’ fàs nas misneachaile ann a bhith a’ làimhseachadh pungaidh
poncaíocht f
punctum delens n phr puing f às-dubhaidh ponc m an scriostapure vowel n fuaimreag f shlàn. ~ and impure vowels, fuaimreagan slàna agus neo-shlànpurport n bun-bhrìgh f míniú m, brí f, ciall fpurposive a rùnach. ~ construction, gleus rùnachPyrrhic 1 a Piorrach
n Piorrach m, gen & pl -aicha Piorrachn Piorrach m
QQ-Celtic pr n Q-Cheiltis fquadrisyllabic a ceithir-lideachquadrisyllable n ceithir-lide m, pl —anquadruple a (music) ceithir-bhuilleach. ~ time, tìm cheithir-bhuilleachqualifier n càiliche m, pl —anqualify v tr càilich, vn -eachadh m
qualified a càilichtequalifying a càileach. ~ adjective, buadhair càileach
(gram) cáilíonn (focal)qualifying a (gram) (aidiacht) cháilitheach
qualitative a càileachdail. A ~ description, tuairisgeal càileachdail cineálach, comhdhamhnachquality n càileachd f. Vowel ~, càileachd fhuaimreig. Voice ~, càileachd ghutha. ~
distinctions, eadar-sgaraidhean ann an càileachdcáilíocht f m
quantal a cantail. ~ vowels, fuaimreagan cantail (quantum n candam m)quantifier n cainniche m, pl —an. ~ floating, seòladh cainnichequantification n cainneachadh m, gen -aidhquantify v tr cainnich, vn -eachadh m
quantified a cainnichte. ~ pronoun, riochdair cainnichtequantifying a cainneach
quantitative a cainneachdail. A ~ description, tuairisgeal cainneachdail cainníochtúil quantity n cainneachd f. Vowel ~, cainneachd fhuaimreig. ~ distinctions, eadar- cainníocht f, cuid f, méid m
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Gàidhlig Albannach Gàidhlig Èireannach
sgaraidhean ann an cainneachdquaternary a ceathrachaquatrain n ceathramh m, gen -aimh, pl —nan
half quatrain n phr leth-cheathramh m, gen -aimh, pl —nan. The first line of each ~ ~ ends with penultimate stress, tha a’ chiad sreath de gach leth-cheathramh a’ crìochnachadh le beum leth-dheireannach. The last word in the first line of each ~ ~ makes an aicill rhyme with a word inside the second line, tha am facal mu dheireadh anns a’ chiad sreath de gach leth-cheathramh a’ dèanamh comhardaidh aicill ri facal ann am broinn an dàrna sreath
ceathrú f
question n ceist f, pl —ean. ~ marker, comharra ceistquestion-mark n comharradh-ceiste m, gen comharraidh-cheiste, pl comharraidhean-
ceiste. Including simple use of commas and ~s, le cleachdadh sìmplidh air cromagan agus comharraidhean-ceiste
comhartha-ceiste
quinquernary a còigeachaquotation n às-aithris f, pl —ean
• expressed with pìos air a thogail (à leabhar)sliocht m, athfhriotal m
quotative (QUOT) 1 a às-aithriseach. ~ inflection, in-fhilleadh às-aithriseach2 às-aithriseach m, gen & pl -ich
quotation-marks n pl comharraidhean-labhairt m pl• (inverted commas) cromagan f pl turrach
comharthaí m pl athfhriotail
quote v tr 1 às-aithris, vn — f• expressed with tog (à leabhar)2 thoir mar ùghdarras, vn toirt mar ùghdarras
luaim (údar, sliocht)
tugaim mar údarás
Rrace n cineal m, gen -eil, pl —anracial a cinealtach
• cinealtais mod. Racial discrimination, lethbhreith cinealtais. Racial tension, frionas cinealtais
racialism n, racism n cinealtas m, gen -aisradical 1 a (a) bunasach. ~ case, tuiseal bunasach. The dative form of this feminine
word has taken the place of the ~ case in this dialect, tha riochd tabhartach an fhacail bhoireanta seo air àite an tuiseil bhunasaich a ghabhail anns an dualchainnt a tha ann
(b) bunach. ~ consonant, consan bunach(c) radaigeach. ~ consonant, consan radaigeach2 n (ling) freumhach f, gen -aich, pl -aichean. ~s and classifiers, freumhaichean agus
seòrsaichean
~ consonant, consan raidiceach(ling) fréamh f
raising n àrdachadh m, gen -aidh. ~ and lowering, àrdachadh agus ìsleachadh. Vowel ~, àrdachadh fuaimreig. ~ to object, àrdachadh gu oibseig. ~ to subject, àrdachadh gu suibseig
raising verb n phr gnìomhair m àrdachaidh, pl gnìomhairean àrdachaidh. Raising and control verbs, gnìomhairean àrdachaidh agus smachdachaidh
random a randamach. The gaps in the system are not ~ but systematic, chan ann randamach a tha na beàrnan san t-siostam, ach siostamatach
randamach
range n 1 raon m, gen raoin, pl raointean. ~ of articulation, raon altachaidh2 sreath m, gen —a, pl —an. ~ of realisations, sreath de rèalachaidhean
rank n rang m, gen —a, pl —an. Rank-shifting, seaftadh ranga rang m, aicme f, céim frapid speech n phr cainnt f luath, gen cainnte luaitherate n ràta f, pl —ichean ráta mrationalism n reusanachas m, gen -ais réasúnachas mready-made a ro-dhèante. ~ sentence, seantans ro-dhèante réamhdhéantareal a rèalta. ~ condition, cumha rèalta. ~ and unreal, rèalta agus neo-rèalta (phil) réaltarealisation n rèalachadh m, gen -aidh. Null ~, rèalachadh neonitheach. Range of ~s,
sreath de rèalachaidhean. ~ rules, riaghailtean rèalachaidhréaladh m
realisational a rèalachail. The differences are mainly ~, tha na h-eadar-dhealachaidhean san rèalachadh sa mhòr-chuid
realise v tr rèalaich, vn -achadh mrealised a rèalaichte. ~ condition, cumha rèalaichte
réalaim
realism n rèalachas m réalachas mrealistic a rèalaidheach réalaíochreality n rèaltachd f réaltacht freanalysis n ath-anailis freason mod reusain m gs. ~ clause, clàsa reusain. ~ conjunction, naisgear reusainrebus principle n phr prionnsabal m an rèabais (rebus n réabas m)Received Pronunciation (RP) n phr Fuaimneachadh m Beurla RPrecent a deireannach. Comparatively ~, deireannach an coimeas ri … eile
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Gàidhlig Albannach Gàidhlig Èireannach
recessive a cùl-thilgte. ~ accent, aiceann cùl-thilgterecipient n (semantics) faightear m, gen -eir, pl —an. ~ role, roile fhaighteir faighteoir mreciprocal a co-chèileach. ~ pronoun, riochdair co-chèileach cómhalartachrecitation n aithris f, gen —ereconstruct v tr ath-dhèan, vn —amh m
reconstructed a ath-dhèante. ~ form, riochd ath-dhèantereconstruction n ath-dhèanamh m, gen -aimh, pl —an athdhéanamh m, atógáil frecoverability condition n phr cumha f sho-ath-chosnaidhrecurrent a ath-thachartach. ~ alternation, iomlaid ath-thachartach athfhillteachrecursive a ath-thachartasach. ~ categories, catagaraidhean ath-thachartasach (recur v i atarlaíonn, athfhilleann)reduce v tr lùghdaich, vn -achadh m
reduced a lùghdaichte. ~ clause, clàsa lùghdaichte. ~ passive, fulangach lùghdaichte. ~ vowel, fuaimreag lùghdaichte
laghdaim
reduction n lùghdachadh m, gen -aidh crapadh mredundancy n os-barras m, gen -ais. Universal ~ rule, riaghailt os-barrais uile-
choitcheannbarraíocht f, iomarca f
redundant a os-barrasach. ~ information, fiosrachadh os-barrasach. ~ properties, buadhan os-barrasach
reduplicate v tr ath-bhreacaich, vn -achadh mreduplicated a ath-bhreacaichte
eamhnaithe
reduplication n ath-bhreacachadh m, gen -aidh. Partial ~, ath-bhreacachadh pàirteil. Complete ~, ath-bhreacachadh co-iomlan
athchóipeáil f, eamhnu m
reduplicative compound n phr co-fhilleadh m ath-bhreacach, gen co-fhillidh ath-bhreacaich, pl co-fhillidhean ath-bhreacach
refer v tr. Refer to, thoir iomradh air, vn toirt iomraidh airreference n 1 tar-iomradh m, gen -aidh, pl -aidhean. ~ tracking, sgeulachadh m tar-
iomraidh2 iomradh m, gen —aidh, pl -aidhean. See the ~s in…, faic na h-iomraidhean an…
tagairt f, tagra m
reference grammar n phr lorg-ghràmar m, gen & pl -airreferent n tar-iomraiche m, pl —anreferential a tar-iomraideil. ~ function, fuincsean tar-iomraideilreferentially opaque a phr trìd-dhoilleir a thaobh tar-iomraidhreferring expression n phr ràdh tar-iomraideachreflex n (ling) iar-riochd m, pl —anreflexive (REFL) 1 a ath-fhillteach. ~ pronoun, riochdair ath-fhillteach. ~ passive,
fulangach ath-fhillteach. ~ verb, gnìomhair ath-fhillteach. Implicitly and explicitly ~, ath-fhillteach gu h-implichte agus gu h-eisplichte. The reflexive postclitic fhèin, an t-iar-chlaonan ath-fhillteach fhèin
2 ath-fhillteach m, gen & pl -ich
(gram) a & n athfhillteach (m), aisfhillteach
reflexivity n ath-fhillteachd freflexivisation n ath-fhillteachas m, gen -ais. Long-distance ~, ath-fhillteachas fad-
astarachregister n (gram) rèim f, gen —e, pl —ean. Language ~, rèim chànain. ~ tone, tòna rèime
• modh m, pl —an. In language ~s and with degrees of formality that will depend on the writer’s familiarity with the target readership, ann am modhan cànain agus aig ìrean foirmealachd a bhitheas a’ dol a rèir ’s dè an t-eòlas a tha aig an sgrìobhadair air a luchd-amais
• ìre-chànain f. Pupils will learn how ~ operates in language, ionnsaichidh a’ chlann mar a tha ìre-chànain ag oibreachadh
(music) réim f
regressive a ais-cheumnach. Progressive and ~ assimilation, co-choslachadh for-cheumnach agus ais-cheumnach
regular a riaghailteach. ~ verb, gnìomhair riaghailteach. ~ and irregular forms, riochdan riaghailteach agus mì-riaghailteach
(gram) (briathar) rialta
regularity n riaghailteachd f rialtacht freification n rudachadh m, gen -aidhreify v tr rudaich, vn -achadh m réadaímreiteration n iom-atharrais f. Internal rhyme ~, atharrais comhardaidh-mheadhain athrá m, athlua m ; athdhéanamh mreiterative a iom-atharraiseachrelate v tr dàimhich, vn -eachadh m
• cuir ann an dàimh, vn cur m ann an dàimhrelated a dàimhichte. ~ languages, cànain ann an dàimh ri chèile
áirím gaol idirrelated a gaolmhara, gaolta
relation n dàimhealachd f, pl —an. Local ~, dàimhealachd ionadail. Sense ~, dàimhealachd sheagh. Symmetrical and asymmetrical ~s, dàimhealachdan simeadrach agus aisimeadrach
relational a dàimhealachdail. ~ grammar, gràmar dàimhealachdail. ~ adjective, buadhair dàimhealachdail. ~ noun, ainmear dàimhealachdail
relative 1 a dàimheach. ~ clause, clàsa dàimheach. ~ construction, gleus dàimheach. ~ gaolmhar. (Gram) ~ pronoun,
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Gàidhlig Albannach Gàidhlig Èireannach
particle, mìrean dàimheach, mion-fhacal dàimheach. ~ pronoun, riochdair dàimheach. ~ chronology, cron-eòlas dàimheach. ~ universal, uile-choitcheann dàimheach. ~ verb, gnìomhair dàimheach
• an dàimh a chèile, a rèir a chèile, dha rèir fhèin. It is the ~ values that are significant, ’s iad na luachan an dàimh a chèile (a rèir a chèile) a tha brìoghmhor. The value is ~ly high, tha an luach dhà rèir fhèin àird
2 n dàimheach m, gen & pl -ich. Prepositional ~, dàimheach roimhearach
forainm coibhneasta
relative superlative n phr feabhasach m dàimheach, gen feabhasaich dhàimhich, pl feabhasaich dhàimheach. ~ ~s and elatives, feabhasaich dhàimheach agus fèin-fheabhasaich
relativisation n dàimhealachadh m, gen -aidhrelativise v tr dàimhealaich, vn -achadh m
relativised a dàimhealaichte. ~ subject, suibseig dhàimhealaichte. ~ locative, ionadach dàimhealaichte
release n fuasgladh m, gen -aidh. Audible and inaudible ~, fuasgladh so-chluinntinn agus do-chluinntinn
relevance n buntainneas m, gen -eis. ~ and irrelevance, buntainneas agus neo-bhuntainneas
ábharthacht f
relevant a buntainneach. ~ and irrelevant, buntainneach agus neo-bhuntainneach. Phonologically ~ information, fiosrachadh a tha buntainneach gu fòn-eòlach
ábharthach
relexification n ath-leicseachadh m, gen -aidh. Pidgin ~, ath-leicseachadh pidsinrelic mod iarmadach. ~ form, riochd iarmadach. ~ area, ceàrnaidh iarmadach Relics of the past, iarsmaí ón
tseansaolremodel v ath-mhodailich, vn ath-mhodaileachadh
remodelled a ath-mhodailichteremote a cèin. ~ conditional clause, clàsa cumhach cèin iargúlta, imigéiniúilrepartition n ath-roinn f, gen —e. ~ between substantive and copular constructions,
ath-roinn air gleausan susbainteach agus copaileachrepeat v tr atharrais, vn — f. Beginners will ~ new language, bidh luchd-tòiseachaidh ag
atharrais cainnt ùire. Pupils will be given chances to ~ favourite parts, gheibh a’ chlann cothrom air a bhith ag atharrais nan earrann as fheàrr leotha fhèin
• ath-aithris, vn — f. This short phrase is ~ed, tha an abairt ghoirid seo air a h-ath-aithris. He first sang the chorus, ~ing the first phrase of the chorus, and he then sang the first verse with the chorus following, sheinn e an toiseach am fonn, agus dh’ath-aithris e a’ chiad abairt den fhonn, agus sheinn e an uair sin a’ chiad rann agus am fonn na dèidh
athdheirim (caint)
repetition n 1 atharrais f. Especially songs involving action and ~, gu sònraichte òrain anns a bheil gnìomh agus atharrais. ~s, rhythms and rhymes, atharrais, ruitheam agus duanagan. These skills will be consolidated by the ~ of language, bidh na sgilean seo air an daingneachadh le atharrais air cainnt
2 ath-aithris f, gen —e
athrá m, aithris f (cainte)
replacive a àite-gabhalach. ~ morph, morf àite-gabhalachreplication n mac-samhlachadh m, gen -aidh macasamhlúreported speech n phr cainnt f air aithrisrepresentation n 1 riochdalachd f. Semantic ~, riochdalachd sheimeantach. Levels of ~,
ìrean riochdalachd2 riochdachadh m, gen aidh, pl aidhean. ~ representation, riochdachadh fòineimeach
(phil) athláithriú m
representational a riochdalachdail. ~ function, fuincsean riochdalachdailrepresentative a riochdalach. ~ speech act, gnìomh cainnt riochdalachresonance n ath-fhuaimneachas m, gen -ais athshondas mresonant 1 a (a) ath-fhuaimneach
(b) ath-shònach. ~ consonant, consan ath-shònach2 n ath-shònach m, gen & pl -aich. Lateral ~, ath-shònach taobhach. ~s and
obstruents, ath-shònaich agus amalaich
athshondach
respect n 1 Dative of ~, tabhartach iomraideil2 urram m, gen -aim. Pronoun of ~, riochdair urraim
(gram) accusative of ~, cuspóireach m tagrach
respectively adv fa lethrest n 1 stad m, gen —. Adverb of ~, co-ghnìomhair stad
2 (music) clos m, gen —, pl —anrestricted language n phr cànan m cuingealaichte, gen & pl cànain chuingealaichte (restricted a teoranta, cúngaithe)restriction n cuingealachadh m, gen -aidh. ~ of meaning, cuingealachadh cèille.
Extension and ~, leudachadh agus cuingealachadh. Selectional ~, cuingealachadh taghadhail
teórannú m, cúngú m
restrictive a cuingealach. ~ modifier, mion-atharraiche cuingealach. ~ relative clause, clàsa dàimheach cuingealach
teorantach
restructuring n ath-structaradh m, gen -aidhresultative a co-thorach (resultant a comhthorthach)
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Gàidhlig Albannach Gàidhlig Èireannach
resume v tr (e.g. of a phrase by a pronoun) ath-aithris, vn ath-aithris f. The usual practice is to resume the subject by a pronoun, ’s e an cleachdadh àbhaisteach ath-aithris a dhèanamh air an t-suibseig le riochdair
resumptive a ath-aithriseach. ~ pronoun, riochdair ath-aithriseach (resumption n atosú m)resyllabification n ath-lideachadh m, gen -aidhretracted a ais-ghluaiste. R~ Tongue Root, Bun Teangaidh Ais-ghluaisteretroflected a ais-lùbte. ~ stop, consan dùinte ais-lùbteretroflex a ais-lùbaidh. ~ consonant, consan ais-lùbaidh aislúbtharewrite rule n phr riaghailt f ath-sgrìobhaidh, pl riaghailtean ath-sgrìobhaidhreversal n contrarrachd. Markedness ~, contrarrachd comharrachd aisiompú mreverse v tr cuir an contrarrachd, vn cur an contrarrachadh. The rule ~s the statement of
redundancy, tha an riaghailt seo a’ cur ràiteas an os-barrais an contrarrachdreversed a contrarra. ~ pseudo-cleft, breug-sgoilteach contrarra
• an contrarrachdreversing language shift v phr seaftadh-cànain an contrarrachd. The bringing about of ~
~ ~, seaftadh-cànain an contrarrachd ga thoirt gu builrhematic a rèamatach. Maximally ~, rèamatach gu macsaimeilrheme n (ling) (vs theme) rèama m, pl —n. Theme and ~, tèama agus rèamarhetoric n reataraig f reitric f, rosc mrhetorical a reataraigeil. ~ question, ceist reataraigeil reitriciúilrhotacisation n rotachadh m, gen -aidhrhotacism n rotachas m, gen -aisrhotic 1 a rotach. ~ and non-rhotic dialects, dualchainntean rotach agus neo-rotach
2 n rotach m, gen & pl -aichrhyme n I (pros) 1 comhardadh m, gen -aidh, pl -aidhean. Poems may no longer always
have ~s, ’s dòcha nach bi comhardadh daonnan a-nis anns na duain. Content, rhythm and vocabulary are more important than ~, tha susbaint, ruitheam agus briathrachas nas cudthromaiche na comhardadh. There is ~ between these syllables, tha comhardadh eadar na lidean seo. Pattern of stresses and ~s, pàtran bheumannan agus chomhardaidhean. Sometimes this ~ continues on the same sound through more than one verse, uaireannan tha an comhardadh seo a’ buanachadh air an aon fhuaim tro bharrachd is aon rann. It may be that the same kind of creative process is somehow involved here as results in the survival of the unstressed ~s in the other songs, faodaidh e bhith gu bheil an aon seòrsa obrach-cruthachaidh a’ sàs ann, rathad-eigin, ’s a tha ag adhbharachadh gun do mhair na comhardaidhean gun bheum anns na h-òrain eile
2 duanag f, pl —an. Repetitions, rhythms and ~s, atharrais, ruitheam agus duanagan• duan m, pl -uain. Songs, ~s and word-games, òrain is duain is cleasan-fhacal.
Pupils will learn songs and ~s, bidh a’ chlann ag ionnsachadh òran agus dhuanaicill rhyme n phr aicill f, gen —eend rhyme n phr comhardadh-deiridh m, gen comhardaidh-dheiridh, pl
comhardaidhean-deiridh. It is an extraordinary thing that the exemplar should have been so closely followed, not only in the ~ ~s but also in the frequency of these optional rhymes on the first stressed syllable, is rud iongantach e gun rachadh an ro-shamhla leantainn cho dlùth, chan ann a’ mhàin anns na comhardaidhean-deiridh, ach cuideachd ann an tricead nan comhardaidhean roghainneil a tha seo air a’ chiad lide le beum
internal rhyme n phr comhardadh-meadhain m, gen comhardaidh-mheadhain, pl comhardaidhean-meadhain. Sometimes this ~ ~ remains on the same sound through more than one long line, uaireannan bithidh an comhardadh-meadhain seo a’ mairsinn air an aon fhuaim tro bharrachd air aon sreath fada. It is the other two syllables that make the usual ~ ~ in this line, ’s e an dà lide eile a tha a’ dèanamh a’ chomhardaidh-mheadhain àbhaistich anns an t-sreath seo. Primary ~ ~, prìomh chomhardadh-meadhain. Secondary, tertiary, ~ ~, darnacha, tritheacha, comhardadh-meadhain. Anticipatory ~ ~, comhardadh-meadhain ro-ghlaicte. ~ ~ reiteration, atharrais comhardaidh-mheadhain
rhyme scheme n phr rian-comhardaidh f, pl rianan-comhardaidh. Ross has the same ~ ~ in that song as MacKenzie has here, ’s e an aon rian-comhardaidh a tha aig Ros anns an òran sin ’s a tha aig MacCoinnich an seo. This is a type of strophic metre having an extremely complex ~ ~, ’s e gnè de mheadrachd stròfaich a tha seo aig a bheil rian-comhardaidh a tha glè ioma-fhillte
II (ling) rìm m. Onset and ~, ionnsaigh agus rìm
1 (pros) rím f. Alternate rhymes, rím gach dara líne. 2 rann m. Nursery rhymes, rainn páistí. In rhyme, i véarsaíocht
rhyme v i dèan comhardadh, vn dèanamh comhardaidh. The syllable having the first stress ~s with the syllable having the third stress, tha an lide air a bheil a’ chiad bheum a’ dèanamh comhardaidh ris an lide air a bheil an treas beum. The penultimate syllables in the fourth phrase of each verse ~ on “a” with svarabhakti throughout the whole song, tha na lidean leth-dheireannach anns a’ cheathramh abairt de gach rainn a’ dèanamh comhardaidh air “a” le svarabhakti tron òran air fad. The syllables having
déanann rím
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Gàidhlig Albannach Gàidhlig Èireannach
the first stress in the first three phrases of each verse do not ~, chan eil na lidean air a bheil a’ chiad bheum anns a’ chiad trì abairtean de gach rainn a’ dèanamh comhardaidh ann. The syllables having the second and third main stress within each long line ~ together, tha na lidean air a bheil an dara is an treas prìomh bheum air taobh a-staigh gach sreath fhada a’ dèanamh comhardaidh ri chèile
rhyming a. Sometimes rhyme occurs where one or two of the ~ syllables do not have main stress, uaireannan tha comhardadh a’ tachairt far nach eil prìomh bheum air a h-aon no a dhà de na lidean a tha ’ga dhèanamh
rhythm n ruitheam m, gen -eim. Repetitions, ~s and rhymes, atharrais, ruitheam agus duanagan. They will retain strong ~s, bi ruitheam làidir annta fhathast. Effects of ~ can also be explored, faodar buaidh ruitheim a rannsachadh cuideachd. Sprung ~, ruithim-leuma
rithim f
rhythmical a ruitheamach rithimeachrhyzotonic a riosatonachridge n (anat) druimean m. Alveolar ~, druimean ailbhealachright-branching a deas-chraobhaidh. ~ language, cànan deas-chraobhaidhright dislocation n phr dì-ionadachadh m deas, gen dì-ionadachaidh dheisrigorous a teann cunbhalach. ~ description, tuairisgeul teann cunbhalachrill fricative n phr suathach m caol-eagach, gen suathaich chaol-eagaich. pl suathaich
chaol-eagach (= groove fricative n phr)rising a èirigheach. ~ diphthong, dà-fhoghar èirigheach, dà-fhoghar a tha ag èirigh éiritheachrolled a roilte. ~ consonant, consan roilteRoman a Ròmanach. R~ numerals, àireamhan Ròmanach
roman script n phr sgriobta m ròmanach, gen sgriobta romanaichRómhánach
Romance a Ròmansach. R~ languages, cànain Ròmansach The R~ languages, na teangacha rómánsacha
Romanian pr n (lang), see Rumanian pr nRomany pr n (lang) Ròmainis f Rómáinis froot n freumh m, pl —an. Showing that they understand the following terms: ~, stem,
a’ nochdadh gun tuig iad na faclan a leanas: freumh, stoc. Syllable and ~ will be used in discussion which centres on individual words, cleachdar lide agus freumh ann am beachdachadh air faclan fa leth. To give pupils an interest in the ~s, derivations and make-up of words which are especially interesting, gus ùidh na cloinne a thogail ann am faclan a tha sònraichte inntinneach: na freumhan aca, co às a thàinig iad, agus mar a tha iad air an cur ri chèile
(ling) fréamh f (focail)
root compound n phr co-fhilleadh m freumhach, gen co-fhillidh fhreumhaich, pl co-fhillidhean freumhach
root modality n phr mòdaileachd f fhreumhach. Root and epistemic modalities, mòdaileachdan freumhach agus eipisteimeach
round a cruinn. ~ brackets, camagan cruinne ~ bracket, lúibín chruinnrounded a cruinn. Lip-rounded, le lipean cruinnerounding n cruinne m, gen — f. Lip ~, cruinne lipeanrule n riaghailt f, pl —ean. Categorical ~, riaghailt catagarach. Variable ~, riaghailt
atharrachail. ~ inversion, iom-thionntadh riaghailtRumanian pr n (lang) Rùmainis f (Rumania pr n an Rúmáin f)Russian pr n (lang) Rùisis f (ling) Rúisis f
Ssaga n saga m, pl —than. The Old Norse ~s, na sagathan san t-Seann Lochlannais saga msagittal a saighdeach. ~ plane, plàna saighdeachsalience n for-fhollaiseachd fsalient a for-fhollaiseachSamoyedic pr n Samòidis f Samóidis fsample n sampall m, gen & pl -aill samplasandhi n sandhi fSanskrit pr n Sansgrait f Sanscrait fSapphic 1 a Safach
2 n Safach m, gen & pl -aichSafach (m)
satellite n saideal m, gen -eil, pl —ansatire n aoir f, gen —e, pl —ean aoir fsatirical a aoireil aorachsatirise v tr aoir, vn —eadh m
• dèan aoireadh air, vn dèanamh aoiridh airaoraim
scalar a sgèileach. ~ implicature, impleachdas sgèileach. ~ feature, feart sgèileach scálachscale n sgèile f, pl —achan. Accessibility ~, sgèile sho-ruigsinneachdscan v tr sgan, vn —adh m scanaim
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Gàidhlig Albannach Gàidhlig Èireannach
Scandinavian a Lochlannach. S~ languages, cànain Lochlannach a & n Lochlannach (m)scansion n sganadh m, gen -aidh scanadh mschwa n schwa mscope n sgopa m, pl —n. ~ of negation, sgopa àicheachd réimse f, raon m, limistéar mScots pr n (lang) Beurla f na h-Alba To talk S~, Béarla n hAlban a
labhairtScottish Gaelic n phr Gàidhlig Albannach, gen Gàidhlig Albannaich Gaeilge f na hAlbanscript n sgriobta m, pl —ichean. Phonemic ~, sgriobta fòineimeach. Phonetic ~, sgriobta
fogharach. Morphophonemic ~, sgriobta morfa-fòineimeachsecondary a dàrnacha. ~ articulation, dàrnacha altachadh. ~ speech community,
dàrnacha coimhearsnachd chainnte. ~ stress, dàrnacha beum1 tánaisteach, fo-, iochdarach. 2 beagthábhachtach
second language n phr dàrna cànan m, gen & pl dàrna cànainsecond person (2ND) n phr dàrna pearsa msegment n teasgan m, gen & pl -ain teascán msegmental tier n phr co-bhreath f theasganach (segmental a cuar)segmentation n teasganachadh m, gen -aidh roinnt f i dteascáinselection n taghadh m, gen -aidh toghadh m, roghnúselectional restriction n phr cuingealachadh m taghadhail, gen cuingealachaidh
thaghadhail, pl cuingealachaidhean taghadhailself-embedding n fèin-in-shocrachadh m, gen -aidhsemanteme n seimeinteim m, pl —eansemantic a seimeantach. ~ categories, catagaraidhean seimeantach. ~ change,
atharrachadh seimeantach. ~ component, co-fhillteant seimeantach. ~ criteria, crìtearan seimeantach. ~ definition, deimhneid sheimeantach. ~ features, feartan seimeantach. ~ field, raon seimeantach. ~ marker, comharra seimeantach. ~ representation, riochdalachd sheimeantach. ~ role, roile sheimeantach. ~ triangle, triantan seimeantach
séimeantach
semanticity n seimeantaigeachd fsemantics n seimeantaig m séimeantaic fsemasiology n seimeis-eòlas m, gen -ais. Onomasiology and ~, onamais-eòlas agus
seimeis-eòlasséimiseolaíocht f
semelfactive a aon-tachartach. ~ verb, gnìomhair aon-tachartachsememe n seimeim m, pl s—eansemi-colon n leth-chòilean m, gen -ein, pl -ein, —an leathstad msemi-deponent 1 a leth-dhì-sgartach. ~ verb, gnìomhair leth-dhì-sgartach
2 leth-dhì-sgartach m, gen & pl -aich(deponent a & n (gram) diúscartach)
semiology n = semiotics n, q.v.semiotic a seimeotach. Mutation is an important ~ exponent of gender, tha mùthadh na
cho-mhìniche cudthromach seimeotach air gnèsemiotics n seimeotaig msemi-productive a leth-chinneasachSemitic a Seimiteach. S~ languages, cànain Sheimiteach Seimíteachsemivowel n leth-fhuaimreag f, gen -eige, pl —an leathghuta msense n seagh m. ~ relation, dàimhealachd seagh ciall f, brí f, míniú msensitive a mothachail. A rule ~ to context, riaghailt a tha mothachail air co-theacsasensorimotor a mothachaidh-motar. ~ activity, gnìomhachd mhothachaidh-motarsentence n (gram) seantans m, pl —an. Utterances and ~s, gnìomhan-labhairt agus
seantansansentence mod 1 seantans, sheantansan. ~ fragment, fuigheall seantans. ~ type, gnè
sheantans. ~ structures can be discussed in terms of how they create meaning, faodar beachdachadh air cumaidhean sheantansan a thaobh ’s mar a tha iad a’ cruthachadh brìgh. Pupils will ensure that ~ construction is accurate and varied, bidh a’ chlann a’ dèanamh cinnteach gu bheil deilbh sheantansan neo-mhearachdach agus ioma-chruthach
2 seantansach. ~ grammar, gràmar seantansach. ~ meaning, ciall sheantansach. ~ stress, beum seantansach
(gram) abairt f
sentential a seantansach. ~ adverb, co-ghnìomhair seantansach. ~ complement, coileanadh seantansach. ~ coordination, co-inbheachd seantansach. ~ relative clause, clàsa dàimheach seantansach
septenarius, septenary, n seaptanaire msequence of tenses n phr co-leanmhainn m nan tràthan (gram) Sequence of tenses,
comhleanúint m na n-aimsiríSerbian pr n (lang) Sèirbis f Seirbis fserial verb construction n phr gleus m ghnìomhairean sreathachseries n sreath m, gen —a pl —an. Labial ~, sreath bileach sraith f, réim fset n seata m, pl —ichean tacarsetting n in-shuidheachadh m, gen in-shuidhichidh, pl in-shuidhichidhean. Articulatory ~,
in-shuidheachadh altachail. Phonatory ~, in-shuidheachadh fònachailshort a goirid. ~ vowel, fuaimreag ghoirid gearr
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Gàidhlig Albannach Gàidhlig Èireannach
share v tr com-pàirtich, vn com-pàirteachadh mshared a com-pàirtichte. ~ inflectional endings, deiridhean-facail in-fhillteach com-
pàirtichteshorten v tr cuir an giorrad, vn cur m an giorrad
shortening n cur m an giorradcoimriú m
shortness n giorrad m, gen -aid giorra fsibilance n siosachas m, gen -aissibilant 1 a siosach
2 n siosach m, gen & pl -aicha & s siosach (m)
sigmatic a siogmatach. ~ aorist, ao-riochd siogmatachsign n sìn f, gen —e, pl —eachan. Linguistic ~, sìn chànanach
• (familiar) soighne m, pl -ichean(math) sín f
signifiant n signifiant msignificance n brìgh f, ciall f brí f, ciall f, suntasacht fsignificant a brìoghmhor. ~ difference, eadar-dhealachadh brìoghmhorsignification n sìneachadh m ciall f, brí f, éifeacht f síniúsignifié n signifié msignifier n sìniche m, pl —ansignify v tr sìnich, vn -eachadh m
signified 1 a sìnichte2 n sìnichte f, pl —an
comharthaíonn, ciallaíonn ; sínigh
sign language n phr cànan m shoighnichean, gen & pl cànain shoighnicheansilent pause n phr fosadh m sàmhach, gen fosaidh shàmhaich, pl fosaidhean sàmhachsimilarity n (ling) cosmhaileachd f. Phonetic ~, cosmhaileachd fhogharach cosúlacht fsimilative a cosmhaileach. ~ compound, co-fhilleadh cosmhaileachsimile n simile f. ~ and metaphor, simile agus meatafor samhail fsimple a sìmplidh. ~ clause, clàsa sìmplidh. ~, complex and compound words, facail
shìmplidh, co-thoinnte agus co-fhillte. ~ and special clitics, claonain shìmplidh agus speisealta. ~ future, teachdail sìmplidh
simplí. ~ sentence, abairt shimplí
simplex n sìmplis m, pl —eansimplification n sìmpleachadh m, gen -aidh. It is the form “fairtich” rather than
“fairtlich” that occurs in this dialect, though ~ of the consonant cluster, ’s e an riochd “fairtich” agus chan ann “fairtlich” a gheibhear san dualchainnt seo, tro shìmpleachadh a’ chòmhlain-chonsan
simpliú m
simplify v tr sìmplich, vn -eachadh m simplímsine wave n phr tonn m sìneis, gen tuinn shìneis, pl tonnan sìneis (sine n sìneas m)singular (SG) a singilte. The ~ number, an àireamh shingilte. ~ and plural, singilte is
iomarra(gram) a uatha. n In the ~, san uatha
singulative a singilteachSinhalese pr n (lang) Sionailis f Siolóinis fsister language n phr piuthar-chànan m, gen & pl piuthar-chànainskew, skewed, a fiarach. Skew distribution, co-roinn fhiarach sceabhach. Skew distribution,
sceabhdháileadhslack voice n phr guth m lasach, gen gutha lasaich. ~ ~ and stiff voice, guth lasach agus
guth righinnslang n beurla f reagar. ~ words, facail am beurla reagar Béarlagair mslash n (typ) sgoradh m, gen -aidh, pl -aidhean
backslash n cùl-sgoradh m, gen -aidh, pl-aidheanoblique slash n phr (= oblique n) fiar-sgoradh m, gen -aidh, pl -aidhean
Slavic, Slavonic, (ling) a Slàbhach. S~ languages, cànain Shlàbhach 1 a Slavach. 2 n Slaivis fslender a (gram) caol, comp caoile. ~ vowels, fuaimreagan caola caolslenderisation n caolachadh m, gen -aidhslenderise v tr caolaich, vn -achadh m
slenderised a caolaichte. ~ consonant, consan caolaichteslip of the tongue n phr tapag f, pl —an. He made a slip of the tongue, leum a theanga
airsciorradh m focail
slit fricative n phr suathach m leathann-eagach, gen suathaich leathann-eagaich, pl suathaich leathann-eagach
sloppy identity n phr ionannachd f luideachslot n sliotan m, gen & pl -ain. Subject ~, sliotan suibseig. Determiner ~, sliotan
cinntichesliotán m
Slovakian pr n (lang) Slòbhaicis fSlovenian pr n (lang) Slòibheinis fsmall capital n phr ceann-litir bheag f, gen ceann-litreach bige, pl ceann-litrichean beagasocial a sòisealta. ~ deixis, deicse shòisealta. ~ dialect, dualchainnt shòisealta. ~ marker,
comharra sòisealta. ~ network, lìon-ceangail sòisealtasóisialta
society n comann-sòisealta, gen & pl comainn-shòisealta cumann m sóisialta, sochaí f
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Gàidhlig Albannach Gàidhlig Èireannach
sociolinguistic a sòise-chànanach. ~ variables, caochlaidich shòise-chànanachsociolinguistics n sòise-chànanachas m, gen -aissoft a bog. ~ consonant, consan bog. ~ consonant, consan bogsoft palate n phr (= velum n, q.v.) glainean m bog, gen glainein bhuigsolecism n baoth-labhairt f
• soileicis fdearmad m grámadaí; earráid teanga
solid a. Solid line, loidhne thàthtesolidarity n dlùth-chomann m, gen -ainnsolidus n = slash n, q.v.soliloquy n òraid f aonair, pl òraidean aonair caint f aonairsonant n sònach m, gen & pl -aich a & s glórach (m); siollach (m)song n 1 òran m, gen & pl -ain. Making use of ~ and story, a’ cleachdadh stòiridhean
agus òrain. This ~ has the same type of amhran metre as two other of the bard’s songs, tha an aon ghnè de mheadrachd amhrain air an òran seo ’s a tha air a dhà eile de chuid òran a’ bhàird
amhrán m
sonnet n sonaid f, pl —ean soinéad msonorancy n sònarachas m, gen -ais. Non-continuant ~, sònarachas ann an consan neo-
leanmhainneachsonorant 1 n sònarach m, gen & pl -aich
2 a sònarachsonority n sònarachd f. Peak of ~, bàrr sònarachd sondas m; glóraí fsortal a seòrsailsound-change n atharrachadh-fuaim m, gen atharrachaidh-fhuaim, pl atharrachaidhean-
fuaim. Spontaneous ~, atharrachadh-fuaim m spontaineach. Sporadic ~, atharrachadh-fuaim m sporadach
sound law n phr lagh m fuaim, pl laghan fuaimsound symbolism n phr samhlachas m fuaim, gen samhlachais fhuaimsource n (ling) bun f, gen —a, pl —an. Abbreviations and ~s, giorrachaidhean agus
bunan. Main ~s, prìomh bhunan. ~s of information, bunan fiosrachaidh• màthair f, pl màthraichean. Texts taken from a wide range of ~s, teacsaichean a
thugadh à mòran sheòrsachan màtharsource mod buna m gs. ~ language and target language, cànan buna agus cànan
amais• bunach. ~ case role, roile thuiseal bhunach
foinse f, buntobar m, ábhar m, údar m
SOV language n cànan m SOGspace n spàs m, gen —, pl spàsan. Phonological ~, spàs fòn-eòlachSpanish pr n (lang) Spàinnis f (ling) Spáinnis fspatial a spàsail. ~ deixis, deicse spàsail spásúilspecial clitic n phr claonan m speisealta, gen & pl claonain speisealta. Simple and special
clitics, claonain shìmplidh agus speisealta(special, speisialta)
specialisation n speisealtachadh m, gen -aidh speisialtóireacht fspecies term n phr briathar m gnè, pl briathran gnè téarma fo-aicmeachspecific a sònrachaidh m gen. ~ element, eileamaid shònrachaidh specification n sònrachadh m, gen -aidh sainiú m, sonrú mspecified a sònraichte. In sentences where two ~ entities are equated, ann an seantansan
far a bheil dà nì shònraichte gan cur co-ionannspectrograph n speactragraf m, pl —anspectrogram n speactragram m, pl —anspeech n 1 cainnt f. Listening has implications for ~ development, tha buaidh aig
èisteachd air leasachadh cainnte• cainnt-bheòil f. Although the ~ children bring to school already makes use of
complex structures, ged a tha a’ chainnt-bheòil a tha a’ chlann a’ toirt don sgoil a’ dèanamh feum cheana de structairean ioma-fhillte
2 labhairt f. The models of ~ provided by the teacher in talking to pupils, na h-eisimpleirean-labhairt a tha an tidsear a’ cur fa chomhair na cloinne an uair a tha e a’ bruidhinn riutha
3 bruidhinn f, gen -ne. The teacher will identify those with hearing and ~ problems, cuiridh an tidsear aithne orrasan aig a bheil trioblaidean claisneachd is bruidhne
direct speech n phr labhairt f dhìreach, gen labhairt dìrich. ~ ~ can be taught by looking at texts, faodar labhairt dhìreach a theagasg le bhith a’ sealltainn ri teacsaichean
indirect speech n phr labhairt f neo-dhìreach, gen labhairt neo-dhìrichpart of speech n phr mìr-cainnte m, pl mìrean-cainntespeech act n phr gnìomh-cainnte m, pl gnìomhan-cainntespeech community n phr coimhearsnachd f chainnte, pl coimhearsnachdan cainntespeech error n phr mearachd f chainnte, pl mearachdan cainntespeech event n phr tachartas f cainnte, gen tachartais chainnte, pl tachartasan cainntespeech island n phr eilean-cainnte m, gen eilein-chainnte, pl eileanan-cainnte
caint f, urlabhra fFigure of speech, fíorchainte, trop m(gram) Parts of speech, ranna f pl cainte(gram) Direct speech, insint dhíreach. Indirect speech, insint neamhdhíreach
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Gàidhlig Albannach Gàidhlig Èireannach
speech marks n phr comharraidhean-labhairt m pl. ~ ~ and exclamation marks are further descriptions of punctuation, tha comharraidhean-labhairt agus comharraidhean-clisge a’ dèanamh an tuilleadh iomraidh air pungadh
speech sound n fuaim-cainnte m, pl fuaimean-cainnte. The ~ ~ that occur in the languages of the world, na fuaimean-cainnte a gheibhear ann an cànain an t-saoghail
spell v litrich, vn -eachadh m. ~ing accurately, a’ litreachadh gu dòigheilspelling n litreachadh m, gen -aidh, pl -aidhean. Writing fluently and with accurate
~ and punctuation, a bhith a’ sgrìobhadh gu fileanta, le litreachadh agus pungadh a tha dòigheil cothromach. Pupils can check and correct ~s, faodaidh am pàiste dearbhadh is ceartachadh a dhèanamh air litreachadh. Diagnostic ~ tests, deuchainnean sgrùdail litreachaidh
spelling pronunciation n phr fuaimneachadh m litreachaidh, gen fuaimneachaidh litreachaidh, pl fuaimneachaidhean litreachaidh
litrímlitriú m
spirant n = fricative n, q.v.spirantisation n suathachadh m, gen -aidhsplit n sgàineadh m, gen -idh. Merger and ~, coimeasg agus sgàineadh scoilt f, deighilt fsplit a sgàinte. ~ antecedent, ro-theachdaire sgàinte. ~ ergative, èirgeadach sgàinte. ~
infinitive, neo-fhinideach sgàinte. ~ intransitive, neo-aisigeach sgàintespondaic a spoindèach. A ~ foot, troigh spoindèach. If one were to count secondary
stresses all the feet would be trochaic, except that in half-line h there would be a ~ foot, nam bite a’ cunntadh dharnacha beumannan ’s e troighean tròicèach a bhitheadh ann air fad, ach a-mhàin ann an leth-shreath h gum bitheadh troigh spoindèach ann
spoindéach
spondee n spoindè m, pl —an spoindé mspontaneous a spontaineach spontaneous a spontáineachspontaneous sound-change n phr atharrachadh-fuaim m spontaineach, gen atharrachaidh-
fhuaim spontainich, pl atharrachaidhean-fuaim spontaineachspoonerism n spùnaireachd f, pl —an Spúnaraíocht fsporadic a sporadach. Lip-spread is in general ~ and fugitive, ’ s ann sporadach,
teichmheach a tha sgaoilteachd-lipean sa chumantassporadic sound-change n phr atharrachadh-fuaim m sporadach, gen atharrachaidh-fhuaim
sporadaich, pl atharrachaidhean-fuaim sporadach(sporadic a treallach, tallannach)
Sprachbund n Sprachbund mSprachgefühl n Sprachgefühl mspread 1 a sgaoilte. ~ lips, lipean sgaoilte. ~ and rounded, sgaoilte agus cruinn
2 n sgaoilteachd f. Lip ~, sgaoilteachd lipeanspreading n sgaoileadh m, gen -idhsquare bracket n phr camag f cheàrnach, gen camaig ceàrnaich, pl camagan ceàrnach lúibín m ceàrnachstacking n stacadh m, gen -aidh. Case ~, stacadh thuisealStammbaum model n phr (= Stammbaumtheorie n) modail-Stammbaum f
(= Stammbaumtheorie m)Stammbaumtheorie n Stammbaumtheorie mstandard 1 n bun-tomhas m, gen -ais, pl —an
2 a bun-tomhasach. ~ Gaelic, Gàidhlig bhun-tomhasach. ~ form, riochd bun-tomhasach. ~ variety, seòrsa bun-tomhasach.
caighdeán ma caighdeánach. ~ English, an Béarla ceart, caighdeánach
standardise v tr bun-tomhasaich, vn bun-tomhasachadh mstandardisation n bun-tomhasachadh m, gen -aidh. ~ of orthography, bun-tomhasachadh
litreachaidhcaighdeánú m
stanza n 1 (pros) rann f, gen -ainn, pl —an. See also verse n2 (psalmody) earrann f, gen -ainn, pl —an. Three ~s from the fourth verse, trì
earrannan bhon cheathramh rann
rann m, véarsa m
statal a staideil. ~ passive, fulangach staideilstatement n ràiteas m, gen -eis, pl ràiteasan ráiteas mstatistical a staitisteach. ~ analysis, anailis staitisteach staitistiúil fstatistics n staitistig m staitistic fstative a staideach. ~ and dynamic verbs, gnìomhairean staideach is dionamachstatus n inbhe f, pl —an. Phonemic ~, inbhe fhòineimeach. ~ of the verbal noun, inbhe
a’ ghnìomhair ainmearaichstatus planning n phr dealbhachadh m inbhe, gen dealbhachaidh inbhestem n stoc m, gen & pl stuic. ~ compound, co-fhilleadh stoc. ~ vowel, fuaimreag stuic.
Augmented ~, stoc for-leasaichte. Basic ~, stoc bunaiteach(ling) stoc m (focail), tamhan m. Augmented ~, breistamhan. Basic ~, buntamhan
stereotype n lèir-sheiseachadh m, gen -aidh, pl -aidhean. ~ semantics, seimeantaig lèir-sheiseachaidh
stiff voice n phr guth m righinn. Slack voice and ~ ~, guth lasach agus guth righinnstigmatised a. ~ form, riochd nàirichtestimulation n brodachadh m, gen -aidh. Dichotic ~, brodachadh dà-sgartestimulus-response model n phr modail f bhrodaidh-fhreagraidh
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Gàidhlig Albannach Gàidhlig Èireannach
stochastic process n phr pròiseas stocaisteachstop n (ling) consan f dùinte (ling) pléascach mstory n stòiridh f, pl —ean. Listening to a simple ~, poem or dramatic text, ag èisteachd
ri stòiridh, dàn no teacsa dràma a tha sìmplidh• sgeul m & f, gen & pl -eòil. The teacher should also take this as a teaching
opportunity by re-telling the ~ in Gaelic, bu chòir don tidsear cothrom-ionnsachaidh a dhèanamh dheth le bhith ag innse an sgeòil as ùr anns a’ Ghàidhlig
• sgeulachd f. The first paragraph of a ghost ~, a’ chiad pharagraf de sgeulachd mu thaibhsean. Stories, songs and legends, sgeulachdan, òrain is uirsgeulan
scéal m
storyteller n sgeulaiche m, pl —an scéalaí m, seanchaí mstrategic a ro-innleachdailstrategy n strataidsidh f, pl —ean
• ro-innleachd f, pl —anstraitéis f
stratification n stratachadh m, gen -aidh srathústratum n stratam m, gen -aim, pl —an (geol) sraith fstrength n neart m, gen -eirtstress n (gram, pros) beum m, gen —a, pl —annan. Word ~, beum facail. Lexical ~,
beum faclaireach. Morphological ~, beum morf-eòlach. Final ~, beum deireannach. Penultimate ~, beum leth-dheireannach. Antepenultimate ~, beum ro-leth-dheireannach. Compound ~, beum co-fhillte. In the chorus and in verse 2 the second ~ comes on the penultimate syllable, anns an fhonn agus ann an rann 2 tha an dara beum a’ tighinn air an lide leth-dheireannach. There is rhyme between the syllables having the second ~ in the first three phrases and the syllable having the first ~ in the fourth phrase, tha comhardadh eadar na lidean air a bheil an dara beum anns a’ chiad trì abairtean agus an lide air a bheil a’ chiad bheum anns a’ cheathramh abairt. Pattern of ~es and rhymes, pàtran bheumannan agus chomhardaidhean
lesser stress n phr beum m as lugha, gen beuma as lugha, pl beumannan as lugha. In the first three lines of the verse there are three syllables with ~ ~ between each syllable with main stress, anns a’ chiad trì sreathan den rainn tha trì lidean le beum as lugha eadar gach lide le prìomh bheum
main stress n phr prìomh bheum m, gen —a, pl —annan. There are two ~ ~es in each phrase, tha dà phrìomh bheum anns gach abairt. The syllables with ~ ~ rhyme with each other, and sometimes with a syllable not having ~ ~, tha na lidean le prìomh bheum a’ dèanamh comhardaidh ri chèile, agus uaireannan ri lide gun phrìomh bheum
secondary stress n phr dàrnacha beum m, gen —a, pl —annan. If ~ ~es between the main stresses were counted, we should simply have trochaic (or iambic) feet throughout the whole song, nam bite a’ cunntadh dhàrnacha beumannan eadar na prìomh bheumannan, ’s e dìreach troighean tròicèach (no iambach) a bhitheadh againn tron òran air fad
sentence stress n phr beum m seantansach, gen beuma sheantansaichstress accent n phr aiceann m beuma, gen aicinn bheuma, pl aiceannan beumastress group n phr còmhlan m bheumannan, gen & pl còmhlain bheumannan
(ling) ~ (-accent), béim f gutha, aiceann m
stress v tr cuir beum air (facal, lide)stressed a le beum. ~ syllable, lide le beum. The last ~ syllable, an lide mu dheireadh
le beum. There are two unstressed syllables between the second stressed syllable in the third phrase and the ~ syllable in the fourth phrase, tha dà lide gun bheum eadar an dara lide le beum anns an treas abairt agus an lide le beum anns a’ cheathramh abairt
• The penultimate syllable is ~, tha beum air an lide leth-dheireannach
cuirim béim, aiceann, ar (fhocal, shiolla)stressed a aiceannta, faoi bhéim. Stressed word, aiceantach
stressless a gun bheum. A ~ or de-stressed proclitic, ro-chlaonan gun bheum no a chaill a bheum
stress-timed a beum-thìmichte. ~ and syllable-timed languages, cànain bheum-thìmichte agus lide-thìmichte
stricture n cuingealachd f. Degrees of ~, ìrean cuingealachdstrident a sgalantastring n sreang f, gen -einge, pl —anstripping n rùsgadh m, gen -aidhstrong a làidir. ~ verb, gnìomhair làidir. ~ plural, iomarra làidir (gram) ~ verb, briathar láidir,
tréanbhriathar m. ~ plural, tréaniolra
strophe n stròf f, pl —an. This song is in strophic metre, with one strophe in each verse and four phrases in each ~, ’s e meadrachd stròfach a tha air an òran seo, le aon stròf anns gach rann agus ceithir abairtean anns gach stròf
stróf f
strophic a stròfach. ~ metre, meadrachd stròfachstructural a structarach. ~ dialectology, dualchainnt-eòlas structurach. ~ linguistics,
cànanachas structarach. ~ change, atharrachadh structarach. ~ description, tuairisgeal structarach
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structuralism n structarachas m, gen -aisstructure n structar m, gen -air, pl —an. Constituent ~, structar cho-adhbhar. Deep ~
constraints, co-èigneachaidhean structair-dhomhainnstructure-dependency n eisimeileachd f stuctairstyle n stoidhle f, pl -ichean. Describing the simpler aspects of ~, a’ toirt iomraidh air na
nithean as sìmplidh a bhuineas do stoidhle. Poetry will encompass a wider range of ~s, bidh bàrdachd a’ cuartachadh barrachd sheòrsachan stoidhle. They should be introduced to a variety of authors and ~s, tha còir an cur an aithne caochladh ùghdairean agus stoidhlichean
• dòigh f, pl —ean. To helps pupils to extend their repertoire of presentational ~s, gus a’ chlann a chuideachadh gus leudachadh air na dòighean a tha aca air iad fhèin a chur an cèill
• modh m, pl —an. Pupils will be given familiarity with structures and ~s of language, gheibh a’ chlann eòlas air structairean agus modhan cànain
modh m, stíl f
stylistic a expressed with stoidhle f. Pupils will explore through wide reading a variety of models of ~ techniques, bidh a’ chlann a’ rannsachadh tro leughadh farsaing caochladh eisimpleirean de dhòighean stoighle. Pupils are expected to show awareness of technique through skilled deployment of appropriate ~ devices, thàtar a’ sùileachadh gum bi a’ chlann a’ nochdadh mothachaidh air modh-cànain anns a bheil cleachdadh sgileil air nithean iomchaidh a bhuineas do stoidhle
stíleach
stylistics n stoidhl-eòlas m, gen -ais stílíocht fsubapical a (ling) fo-apaiceach. A ~ consonant, consan fo-apaiceachsubcategorisation n fo-chatagarachadh m, gen -aidh. Strict ~, fo-chatagarachadh teannsubcategory n fo-chatagaraidh m, pl —eansub-clause n fo-chlàsa m, pl —nsubessive 1 a suibeiseach. ~ case, tuiseal suibeiseach
2 n suibeiseach m, gen -ichsubglottal a fo-ghlotasachsubjacency n fo-chomhgharachd fsubject n (gram) suibseig f, pl —ean. ~ and complement, suibseig is coileanadh
subject mod suibseig. ~ raising, togail f suibseig• suibseigeach. ~ clause, clàsa suibseigeach. ~ complement, coileanadh suibseigeach.
~ control, smachd suibseigeach. ~ pronoun, riochdair suibseigeach
(gram) ainmní m
subjective a (gram) suibseigeach. ~ genitive, ginideach suibseigeach ainmníoch. The ~ case, an t-ainmneach
subjectivity n suibseigeachd f (subjectivism n suibíochtachas m)subjectivisation n suibseigeachadh m, gen -aidhsubject-prominent a suibseig-fhollaiseach. ~ and topic-prominent, suibseig-fhollaiseach
agus topaig-fhollaiseachsubjunct a fo-naisgeil. ~ adverbial, co-ghnìomhaireil fho-naisgeilsubjunctive (SUBJ) 1 a fo-leantach. In the ~ mood, sa mhodh fho-leantach
2 n fo-leantach m, gen -aicha & n foshuiteach (m). In the ~ mood, sa mhodh foshuiteach
sublative 1 a sublatach. The ~ case, an tuiseal sublatach2 n sublatach m, gen -aich
submodification n fo-mhion-atharrachadh m, gen-aidh mionathrú msubmodifier n fo-mhion-atharraiche m, pl —an. The ~ cha mhòr, am fo-mhion-
atharraiche cha mhòrsubordinate a fo-inbheach. ~ clause, clàsa fo-inbheach. ~ verb, gnìomhair fo-inbheach ~ clause, fochlásal msubordinate v tr fo-inbhich, vn -eachadh m
subordinating a fo-inbheachaidh. ~ conjunction, naisgear fo-inbheachaidhsubordination n fo-inbheachd f fo-ordú msubordinator n fo-inbhiche m, pl —ansub-predicate n fo-aisneis f, pl —ean fofhaisnéis fsubscript a fo-sgrìobhte foscríofasubstance n (ling) susbaint f (phil) substaint fsubstandard a fo-thomhasach. ~ form, riochd fo-thomhasachsubstantive 1 a susbainteach. ~ verb, gnìomhair susbainteach. ~ and formal universals,
uile-choitcheannan susbainteach agus foirmeil. ~ construction, gleus susbainteach2 n susbainteach m, gen & pl -ich
(gram) 1 a substainteach ~ verb, briathar substainteach. 2 n ainmfhocal m
substitutability n so-mhalairteachd fsubstitution n co-mhalairt f, pl —ean. ~ frame, frèama m co-mhalairt ionadaíocht f, malartú msubstratum n substratam m, gen -aimsubtraction n subtraicsean m, gen -einsubtractive bilingualism n phr dà-chànanas m subtraicseach, gen dà-chànanais
shubtraicsichsubtree n fo-chraobh f, gen -aoibhe, pl —ansuction n in-sùghadh m, gen -aidh. Suction consonant, consan in-sùghaidh sú m, tarraingt f
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Gàidhlig Albannach Gàidhlig Èireannach
suffix n iar-leasachan m, gen & pl -ain. Prefix and ~ will be used in discussion which centres on individual words, cleachdar ro-leasachan agus iar-leasachan ann am beachdachadh air faclan fa leth. In this dialect very often the masculine diminutive ~ does not change in the genitive case, anns an dualchainnt seo glè thric cha bhi iar-leasachan a’ mheanbhain fhireann ag atharrachadh anns an tuiseal ghinideach ann
iarmhír f
suffixation n iar-leasachanachadh m, gen -aidh• cur m iar-leasachain ri
suffixed a iar-leasaichte iartháitesulcal a sulcail. ~ fricative, suathach sulcailsummative a suimeach. ~ adverb, co-ghnìomhair suimeachsuperessive 1 a foireiseach. ~ case, tuiseal foireiseach
2 foireiseach m, gen & pl -ichsuperlative 1 (a) a feabhasach. ~ degree n phr ìre f fheabhasach, gen ìre feabhasaich
(b) n feabhasach m, gen & pl f-aich2 (a) a forlatach. ~ case, tuiseal forlatach(b) n forlatach m, gen & pl -aich
(gram) 1 a sárchéimeach. 2 n sárchéim f
superordinate a for-inbheach. ~ clause, clàsa for-inbheachsuperscript a for-sgrìobhtesuperstratum n forstratam m, gen -aimsupine n faonan m, gen & pl -ain (Latin gram) faonán m. In the ~,
san fhaonánsupplementive a for-lìontach. ~ adjectival, buadhaireach for-lìontach. ((geom) supplemental a
forlíontach)suppletion n fo-lìonadh m, gen -aidh. Partial ~, fo-lìonadh pàirteil ilfhréamhachas m, folíonadhsuppletive a fo-lìontach. ~ verb, gnìomhair fo-lìontach ilfhréamhach, folíontachsupraglottal a os-glotasach. ~ closure, dùnadh os-glotasachsuprasegmental a os-teasganach. ~ phonemes, fòineimean os-teasganachsurface n uachdar m, gen -air. ~ filter, sìoltachan uachdair. ~ structure, structar uachdair dromchla m, uachtar m, barr msurvey n suirbhidh m, pl —ean. Longitudinal ~, suirbhidh tar-aimsireilsuspension n casgadh m, gen -aidh. Suspension of phonemic contrasts, casgadh air co-
chontrarrachdan fòineimeachsvarabhakti n svarabhakti m. ~ vowel, fuaimreag svarabhakti. The bard does not
generally make a word having ~ rhyme with a word without it, chan eil am bàrd sa chumantas a’ toirt air facal anns a bheil svarabhakti comhardadh a dhèanamh ri facal gun e
SVO language n phr cànan SGOSwahili pr n (lang) Suaihili fSwedish pr n (language) Suainis f Sualainnis fswitch-reference n suids-iomradh m, gen -aidhsyllabary n lideire m, pl —ansyllabic a lideach. The mediaeval ~ metre called Ochtfhoclach bec, a’ meadrachd
lideach mheadhan-aoiseil air an robh Ochtfhoclach bec. ~ consonant, consan lideachsiollach
syllabicity n lideachas m, gen -aissyllabification n lideachadh m, gen -aidhsyllable n lide m, pl —an. ~ and root will be used in discussion which centres on
individual words, cleachdar lide agus freumh ann am beachdachadh air faclan fa leth. Final ~, lide deireannach. Penultimate ~, lide leth-dheireannach. Antepenultimate ~, lide ro-leth-dheireannach. Pre-antepenultimate ~, lide for-ro-leth-dheireannach. In the chorus the second stress comes on the penultimate ~, anns an fhonn tha an dara beum a’ tighinn air an lide leth-dheireannach. In verse 1 the second stress comes on the final ~ in the first three phrases and on the penultimate ~ in the fourth phrase, ann an rann 1 tha an dara beum a’ tighinn air an lide dheireannach anns a’ chiad trì abairtean agus air an lide leth-dheireannach anns a’ cheathramh abairt. Phonological and phonetic ~s, lidean fòn-eòlach agus fogharach
siolla m
syllable-timed a lide-thìmichte. Stress-timed and ~ languages, cànain bheum-thìmichte agus lide-thìmichte
syllepsis n sileipse f siléipse fsymbol n samhla m, or —dh m, gen —idh, pl —idhean. Phonetic ~, samhla fogharach. ~
economy, eaconamaidh shamhlaidhean• comharra m, pl —idhean
comhartha m, samhail f, samhailchomhartha m
symmetrical a simeadrach. ~ relations, dàimhealachdan simeadrach comhchruthach, siméadrachsymmetry a simeadrachd f comhchruthaíocht f, siméadracht fsynaeresis n sineirise fsyncategorem n sioncatagoireim m, pl —eansyncategorematic a sioncatagoireimeach. ~ words, facail shioncatagoireimeachsynchronic a sioncronach sioncrónachsyncope n meadhan-ghiorrachadh m, gen -aidh (gram) meánchoimriú m, coimriú m
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Gàidhlig Albannach Gàidhlig Èireannach
• sioncoip fsyncopation n (music) sioncoipeadh m, gen -idh sioncóipiú msyncretism n sincreiteachd fsyndetic a sindeatachsyndeton n sindeaton msyndrome n siondram. ~ of properties, siondram de bhuadhannansynecdoche n mìr-riochdachadh m, gen -aidh
• sineacdoic fsynonym n sionanaim m, pl —ean. Absolute ~, sionanaim iomlan. Quasi-synonym, leth-
shionanaim. Antonym and ~, antanaim agus sionanaimcomhchiallach m. Quasi-synonym, téarma leath-chomhchiallach
synonymous a sionanaimeach comhchiallachsynonymy a sionanaimidh n comhchiallachas msynopsis n sionopsas m, gen -ais achoimre fsynoptic a sionoptach achoimreachsyntactic, syntactical, a co-chàrail. ~ category, catagaraidh co-chàrail. ~ function,
fuincsean co-chàrail. ~ process, pròiseas co-chàrailcomhréireach
syntagm n siontam m, gen -aim, pl —ansyntagmatic a siontamach. Paradigmatic and ~, paradaimeach agus siontamachsyntax n co-chàradh m, gen -aidh comhréir fsynthesis n (a) co-thàthadh m, gen -aidh, pl -aidhean
(b) sinteis f, pl —ean. Thesis, antithesis and ~, tèis, ainteis agus sinteis(a) comhtháthú m(b) sintéis f
synthetic a (gram) co-thàthte. ~ verb, gnìomhair co-thàthte. ~ proposition, ciall-ràdh co-thàthte. ~ compound, co-fhilleadh co-thàthte. Analytic and ~, anailiseach agus co-thàthte
(gram) táite
Syriac pr n (lang) Sìris f (ling) Síris fsystem n siostam m, gen -aim, pl —an. ~ congruity, congruachd shiostaim. ~ network,
lìon-cheangail siostamachcóras m, sistéam m
systematic a siostamatach. ~ sample, sampall siostamatach. The gaps in the system are not random but ~, chan ann randamach a tha na beàrnan san t-siostam, ach siostamatach
sistéamach. ~ sample, sampla córasach
systemic a siostamach. ~ Grammar, Gràmar Siostamach
Ttaboo word n facal m tabù, gen & pl facail thabù (taboo n tabú m)tacit knowledge n phr eòlas m balbh, gen eòlais bhailbhtactics n tactaig mtag n taga f, pl —ichean. Interrogative ~, taga cheisteach. ~ question, tag-cheist ~ question, ceist tathaintetagmeme n taigmeim m, pl —eantagmemics n taigmeimig mtail n earball m, gen & pl -ailltailless arrow (>, <) n phr saighead f gun eàrr, pl saighdean gun eàrrtale n sgeulachd f, pl —an. International ~s, sgeulachdan eadar-nàiseanta
• stòiridh f, pl —ean. ~s and poems, stòiridhean agus dàin• pl also expressed with seanchas m, gen seanchais. ~s of the Fianna, Seanchas na
Fèinnetale type n phr seòrsa m sgeulachd, pl seòrsachan sgeulachd
scéal m
Tamil pr n (lang) Taimil ftap n cnap n, gen -aip, pl —an. Single ~, aon chnap a-mhàintarget n targaid f, pl —ean. Articulatory ~s, targaidean altachailtarget language n phr cànan m amais, gen & pl cànain amais. Source language and ~ ~,
cànan buna agus cànan amaistautology n ath-bhriathrachas m, gen -ais athluaiteachas mtautosyllabic a tàtailideach. ~ and heterosyllabic vowels, fuaimreagan tàtailideach agus
heitreilideachtaxonomy n tacsanamaidh m, pl —ean. Folk ~, tacsanamaidh nan daoineteleological a teil-eòlach teileolaíochteleology n teil-eòlas m, gen t-ais teileolaíochtelic a teiligeach. ~ verb, gnìomhair teiligeach críochnúil, críochnaitheachtemplate n teamplaid f, pl —ean fíoraí mtempo n tempo m, pl tempitemporal n tìmeil. ~ adverb, co-ghnìomhair tìmeil. ~ adverbial, co-ghnìomhaireil
thìmeil. ~ clause, clàsa tìmeil. ~ conjunction, naisgear tìmeil. ~ deixis, deicse thìmeilama m gs
temporary a sealach. ~ diglossia, dà-theangachas sealachtendency n buailteachas m, gen -ais. There is a ~ for a vowel before a nasal consonant
to be itself nasalised, tha e buailteach do dh’fhuaimreig ro chonsan srònach i fhèin a claonadh m
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Gàidhlig Albannach Gàidhlig Èireannach
bhith srònaichtetense n tràth m, pl —an. Conditional ~, tràth cumhach. Future ~, tràth teachdail.
Immediate ~, tràth aithghearr. Imperfect ~, tràth neo-fhoirfe. Past ~, tràth caithte. Past habitual ~, tràth caithte sìor-ghnàthach. Perfect ~, tràth foirfe. Pluperfect ~, tràth os-fhoirfe. Present ~, tràth làthaireach. Preterite ~, tràth preitiriteach. Compound ~, tràth co-fhillte
(gram) aimsir f. In the future ~, san fháistineach
tense a teann. ~ vowel, fuaimreag theann ~ vowel, guta teanntensed n tràthte. ~ verb, gnìomhair tràthtetension n teanntachd f teannas mtentative a 1 neo-chinnteach
tentatively adv gu neo-chinnteach, air sgàth feuchainntenuis n tenuis f, pl tenuesterm n 1 briathar m, pl -ran. This will include a selection of ~s referring to the words of
the language, an lùib seo bidh taghadh de bhriathran a bhuineas do dh’fhaclan na cànain. Teachers need to introduce pupils to the grammatical, literary and other technical ~s of language, feumaidh na tidsearan a’ chlann a chur an aithne nam briathran cànain a bhuineas do ghràmar, do litreachas agus an leithid sin. Broad ~, briathar leathan. Deprecated ~, briathar lochdach
• ainm m, pl —ean. The technical ~s by which teacher and pupil can discuss such matters, na h-ainmean-eagair leis am faod an tidsear agus am pàiste beachdachadh air nithean den t-seòrsa seo. Setting and motives are additional ~s which will be used in considering texts, tha suidheachadh agus rùintean nan ainmean a bharrachd a bhithear ’gan cleachdadh ann am beachdachadh air teacsaichean
téarma m. ~s, briathra m pl. Broad ~, téarma leathan. Deprecated ~, téarma lochtach
terminal node n phr nòd m crìochnach, gen nòid chrìochnaich, pl nòdan crìochnachterminate v i crìochnaich, vn -achadh m críochnaíonntermination n deireadh m (facail), gen -idh, pl -idhean. ~s of the verb, deiridhean a’
ghnìomhair(gram) deireadh m, foirceann m
terminologist n briathar-eòlaiche m, pl —an téarmeolaí mterminology n 1 briathrachas m, gen -ais. Abstract ~, briathrachas eascruthach. Without
explicit knowledge of rules and ~, gun eòlas follaiseach air riaghailtean agus briathrachas. Most of the words they need to use, including specialist ~, a’ mhòrchuid de na faclan a tha iad ag iarraidh a chleachdadh, agus sin a’ cunntas briathrachais shònraichte
2 (terminology science) briathar-eòlas m, gen -ais
~ n 1 téarmaíocht f. 2 (terminology science) téarmeolaíocht
ternary a 1 trì-àireamh2 (= tertiary) treasach. ~ feature, feart treasach
tessitura n tessitura mtest n deuchainn f, pl —ean. Hypothesis ~, deuchainn hipiteise triail f. Hypothesis ~, triail hipitéisetertiary a treasach treasachtetrameter n teitrimeadar m, gen & pl -air teitriméadar mtetrasyllabic a ceithir-lideach (gram) ceathairshiollachtetrasyllable n ceithir-lide m, pl —antext n 1 teacsa m, pl —ichean. The word “text” denotes the unit of language that is
being studied, tha am facal “teacsa” a’ ciallachadh an aonaid chànain a thàtar a’ sgrùdadh. The ~ may be, for example, a poem, an illustrated page from a children’s book, or a spoken message, mar eisimpleirean de theacsaichean tha dàn, duilleag le dealbh bho leabhar chloinne, no teachdaireachd bheòil
2 ceann-teagaisg m, gen & pl cinn-theagaisg. Biblical ~, ceann-teagaisg às a’ Bhìoball
téacs mScripture ~, sliocht as an Scriptiúr
textual a teacsail. Other ~ markers, comharraidhean teacsail eile. ~ criticism, breithneachadh teacsail
• expressed with teacsa. Paragraph is a further feature of ~ organisation, tha paragraf a-rithist ri fhaotainn ann an òrdanachadh theacsaichean. Such reading will help pupils become familiar with ~ features, bidh leughadh den t-seòrsa seo na chuideachadh don chloinn gus eòlas a chur air nithean a bhuineas do theacsaichean
téacsach. ~ error, earráid théacsa
textuality n teacsaileachd fThai pr n (lang) Tai fthematic a tèamatach. Maximally ~, tèamatach gu macsaimeil téamachthematisation n tèamatachadh m, gen -aidh téamú mtheme n (gram, vs rheme) tèama m, pl —n. ~ and rheme, tèama agus rèama tèama mtheoretical a teòiridheil teoiriciúiltheory n teòiridh f, pl —ean. ~ of language, teòiridh chànain teoiric fthesaurus n tèasaras m, gen & pl -ais foclóir mthesis n (a) tèis f, pl —ean. ~, antithesis and synthesis, tèis, ainteis agus sinteis
(b) tràchdas m, gen & pl -ais. PhD ~, tràchdas ollamhachd(a) téis f(b) tráchtas m
third a treas. The ~ person plural, an treas pearsa iomarra. ~ person imperative, àithneach an treas pearsa. Effects created by first or ~ person narrative, buaidhean a tha mar thoradh air seanchas anns a’ chiad no an treasa pearsa
~ person (gram) (an) triú pearsa f
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Gàidhlig Albannach Gàidhlig Èireannach
third person (3RD) n phr treas pearsa mthrenody n treanòid f tuireamh mthroat n sgòrnan m, gen & pl -ain scornach fTibetan pr n (lang) Tibeatais ftier n co-bhreath f, pl —antilde (~) n tilde ftimbre n timbre f tondath mtime n (music) tìm f, gen —e, pl —ean. Duple ~, tìm dhà-bhuilleach. Quadruple ~, tìm
cheithir-bhuilleach. Triple ~, tìm thrì-bhuilleach. Compound ~, tìm cho-fhillte. Time-signature, tìm-chomharradh
am m
time depth n phr doimhne f thìm, pl dòimhnean tìmtimeless a neo-thìmeil. ~ proposition, ciall-ràdh neo-thìmeiltip n bàrr m, gen —a. Tongue ~, bàrr teangaidhtmesis n tmèisis ftoken n ball-comharra m, pl —an. ~s and types, ball-comharran agus gnèitheantonal a (ling) tònail tonúiltone n (ling) tòna m, pl —ichean. ~ languages, cànain thòna. ~ group, còmhlan
thònaichean. ~ sandhi, sandhi thònaichean. Word ~(s), tona(ichean) air faclan(ling) ton m
toneme n tòineim m, pl —eantongue n teanga f, gen -aidh, pl -an. ~-tip, bàrr teangaidh. Front of the ~, beul na
teangaidh. Blade of the ~, liagh na teangaidh. Back of the ~, cùl na teangaidhtongue-body mod meall-teangaidh. ~ features, feartan meall-teangaidhtongue root n phr bun m teangaidh gen buna theangaidh. Advanced T~ R~, Bun
Teangaidh For-ghluaiste. Retracted T~ R~, Bun Teangaidh Ais-ghluaistetonic a tònach. ~ and atonic syllables, lidean tònach agus neo-thònach (gram) (béim) thonachtonicity n tònachd ftonogenesis n tònaigineachas m, gen -aistop-down a mullach-sìos. ~ procedure, dòigh-obrach mhullach-sìostopic n (ling: vs comment) topaig m, pl —ean. ~ and comment, topaig agus luaidh.
Discourse and sentence ~s, topaigean conaltraidh agus seantansábhar m, cleite m (comhrá)
topicalisation n topaigeachadh m, gen -aidhtopicalised a (ling) topaigtetopic-prominent a (ling) topaig-fhollaiseach. ~ language, cànan topaig-fhollaiseach.
Subject-prominent and ~, suibseig-fhollaiseach agus topaig-fhollaiseachtoponym n topanaim m, pl —eantoponymic a topanaimeachtoponymy n topanaimidh f logainmnaíocht ftotal accountability n phr cunntachaileachd f iomlantrace n lorg f, gen -uirge, pl —an lorg m, rian mtrachea n traiche f traicé ftract n slighe f. Vocal ~, slighe a’ ghutha. Nasal ~, slighe na sròine. Oral ~, slighe a’
bheòil(anat) respiratory ~, limistéar m, bealach m, análaithe
trade language n phr cànan m malairt, gen & pl cànain mhalairttrading relation n phr dàimhealachd f mhalairteachtraditional grammar n phr gràmar m traidiseanta, gen gràmair thraidiseanta, pl gràmaran
traidiseantatransactional a tar-gnìomhail. ~ sentence, seantans tar-ghnìomhailtranscribe v tr tar-sgrìobh, vn —adh m athscríobhaimtranscription n tar-sgrìobhadh m, gen -aidh, pl -aidhean. Phonetic ~, tar-sgrìobhadh
fogharach. Phonemic ~, tar-sgrìobhadh fòineimeachathscríobh m. Phonetic ~, fogharscrìobh m
transferred meaning n phr ciall f thar-ghluaiste (transfer v tr aistrím)transfix n tar-leasachan m, gen & pl -aintransform n tar-iomlaid f, pl —eantransform v tr tar-iomlaidich, vn -eachadh m
transformed a tar-iomlaidichtetransformation n tar-iomlaideachadh m, gen -aidh, pl -aidhean athrú m cruthatransformational a tar-iomlaideach. ~ grammars, gràmaran tar-iomlaideach. ~ rules,
riaghailtean tar-iomlaideach. A ~ approach, dòigh thar-iomlaideachtransition n tar-atharrachadh m, gen -aidh. Open ~, tar-atharrachadh fosgailte aistriú m, athrú mtransitional a tar-atharrachail. ~ formants, foirmeantan tar-atharrachail. ~ probabilities,
dàchaileachdan tar-atharrachailtransitive (TRANS) 1 a aisigeach, comp -ich. ~ verb, gnìomhair aisigeach. ~ preposition,
roimhear aisigeach2 n aisigeach m, gen & pl -ich
(gram) aistreach
transitiviser n aisigiche m, pl —antranslate v tr 1 eadar-theangaich, vn -achadh m
2 tar-thionntaidh, vn -adh maistrím
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translation n 1 eadar-theangachadh m, gen -aidh, pl -aidhean2 tar-thionntadh m, gen -aidh. Noun role ~, tar-thionntadh gu roile ainmeir
aistriú m
translative a tar-thionntaidheach. ~ element, eileamaid thair-thionntaidheachtransmission n (ling) aiseag m, gen -eig. The ~ of the tales from generation to
generation, aiseag nan sgeulachdan bho ghinealach gu ginealach2 tar-chur m, gen tar-chuir. Intergenerational mother-tongue ~, tar-chur a’ chànain
mhàthaireil eadar-ghinealaich
iompar m (scéil)
transparency n trìd-shoilleireachd f. ~ and opacity, trìd-shoilleireachd agus trìd-dhoilleireachd. ~ principle, prionnsabal trìd-shoilleireachd
trédhearcacht f
transposition n eadar-ghluasad m, gen -aid, pl —an aistriú m, malartú mtree diagram n diagram m craobhach, gen diagraim chraobhaich, pl diagraman craobhachtrial 1 a trianach. Dual, ~ and paucal, deise, trianach agus tearcail
2 n trianach m, gen -aichtriangular a triantanach. ~ vowel system, siostam fhuaimreag triantanach triantánachtrigger n (ling) gluaistear m, gen -eir truicear mtrill n roileadh m, gen & pl -idh. Lingual ~, roileadh teangach consan m rolltatrilled a roilte ~ a creathach. Trill v tr (ling)
rollaim (r-anna)trimeter n trì-mheadar m, gen & pl -air
a trì-mheadrachn trímhéadar ma trímhéadrach
triphthong n trì-fhoghar m, gen -air, pl —an trífhoghar mtriple n triobailte triarachtrisyllabic n trì-lideach tríshiollachtrisyllable n trì-lide m, pl —an tríshiollatrivalent a trì-vàlantach f. ~ verb, gnìomhair trì-vàlantachtrivial a beag-seaghach. Interesting statements and ~ statements, ràiteasan inntinneach
agus ràiteasan beag-seaghachtrochaic a tròicèach. In the fourth phrase the first foot is ~ and the second foot
dactylic, anns a’ cheathramh abairt tha a’ chiad troigh tròicèach agus an dara troigh dactaileach. The second foot is paeanic or ~, i.e. having an odd number (three or one respectively) of syllables with lesser stress between the syllables having main stress, tha an dara troigh paeanach no tròicèach, i.e. le àireimh chòrr (a trì no a h-aon fa leth) de lidean le beum as lugha eadar na lidean air a bheil prìomh bheum. The caesura sometimes comes after a dactylic foot, and sometimes after a ~ foot, tha an caesar uaireannan a’ tighinn an dèidh troighe dactailich, agus uaireannan an dèidh troighe tròicèich
a & n trócaech (m)
trochee n tròicè f, pl —an trócae mtrope n trop m, pl —an trop mtruth-conditional semantics, seimeantaig m chumhaichean-fìrinnetruth conditions n phr cumhaichean f pl fìrinneTuring machine n phr inneal m Turing, gen inneil Turing, pl innealan TuringTurkish pr n (lang) Tuircis f (ling) An Tuircis fturn n turas m, gen -ais, pl -san. Turn-taking system n siostam gabhail-thursanturned period n puing f os cionn na loidhne ponc m os cionn na línetwo-place a dà-ionaid. ~ predicate, aisneis dà-ionaidtype n gnè f, pl —ithean. Examples of the same ~s of texts, eisimpleirean den aon ghnè
theacsaichean. This song has the same ~ of amhran metre as two other of the bard’s songs, tha an aon ghnè de mheadrachd amhrain air an òran seo ’s a tha air a dhà eile de chuid òran a’ bhàird
cineál m, sort m, saghas m
typographical a clò-ghrafachtypography n clò-ghrafachd ftypological a gnè-eòlach. ~ classification, seòrsachadh gnè-eòlach. ~ly consistent, co-
sheasmhach gu gnè-eòlachtypology n gnè-eòlas m, gen -ais
UUkrainian pr n (lang) Ucràinis f Ucráinis fultimate constituent n phr co-adhbhar m deireannach, gen co-adhbhair dheireannaich, pl
co-adhbhair dheireannachumlaut n umlabht m umlabht munaccusative a neo-chuspaireach. ~ intransitive, neo-aisigeach neo-chuspaireachunambiguous a neo-dhà-sheaghach gan athbhrí, cruinnunaspirated a neo-anailichte. ~ plosive, pleasgach neo-anailichte neamhanálaitheunbounded a neo-iomallaichte. ~ relation, dàimhealachd neo-iomallaichte gan teorainn, éaguimseachuncompounded a neo-fhillte simplíunconditioned a neo-chumhaichte
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Gàidhlig Albannach Gàidhlig Èireannach
uncountable n do-chunntaidh. ~ noun, ainmear do-chunntaidhunderdifferentiation n fo-dhiofarachadh m, gen -aidhunderextension n fo-leudachadh m, gen -aidh (gram) leathnú m; (phil) sìnteachtunderlining n loidhne-fodha funderlying a ìochdrach. ~ characterisation, caractarachadh ìochdrach. Present in the ~
representation, an làthair san riochdalachd ìochdraich. ~ly present, an làthair gu h-ìochdrach
underlying form n phr riochd m ìochdrach, gen riochd ìochdraich, pl riochdan ìochdrach (underlying a iochtarach, bun-, fo-)underspecified a fo-shònraichte. ~ representation, riochdalachd fho-shònraichteunderstood a ri tuigsinn. The construction has an ~ adverbial, tha co-ghnìomhaireil ri
thuigsinn sa ghleus seo(gram) le tuiscint
unergative a neo-èirgeadach. ~ intransitive, neo-aisigeach neo-èirgeadachunfilled pause n phr fosadh m neo-lìonte, gen fosaidh neo-lìonte, pl fosaidhean neo-lìonteungrammatical a neo-ghràmadach neamhghramadúilunification n (ling) co-aonadh m, gen -aidh comhaontú muniformitarian principle n phr prionnsabal m aon-dealbhachdaireil (uniformity n aonghné f,
comhionannas m)unilateral a aon-taobhach. ~ dependency, eisimeileachd aon-taobhachunintelligible a do-thuigsinn. Mutually ~ dialects, dualchainntean do-thuigsinn do chèile
• neo-thuigseanta. Mutually ~ dialects, dualchainntean neo-eadar-thuigseantaunion n aonadh m, gen -aidh, pl -aidhean comhcheangal m, aontas muniplex a aon-fhillte. ~ and multiplex, aon-fhillte agus iom-fhillteunit n aonad m, gen -aid, pl —an aonad muniverbation n aon-ghnìomhaireachd funiversal 1 a uile-choitcheann. ~ grammar, gràmar uile-choitcheann. ~ redundancy
rule, riaghailt os-barrais uile-choitcheann. ~ly valid tàbhach gu h-uile-choitcheann2 n uile-choitcheann m, gen -inn, pl —an. Linguistic ~, uile-choitcheann cànanach,
Absolute ~, uile-choitcheann iomlan. Relative ~, uile-choitcheann dàimheach
uilíoch, comhchoitianta
universe of discourse n phr uile-choitcheannas m conaltraidh, gen uile-choitcheannais chonaltraidh
univocal a aon-seaghach aonchiallachunmarked a neo-chomharraichteunordered a neo-òrdaichte. ~ rules, riaghailtean neo-òrdaichteunpredictable a neo-ion-fhàisneachailunproductive a neo-chinneasach. ~ formation, co-dhèanamh neo-chinneasachunreal a neo-rèalta. ~ condition, cumha neo-rèalta. Real and ~, rèalta agus neo-rèalta bréagach, samhaltaunrealised a neo-rèalaichte. ~ condition, cumha neo-rèalaichteunreleased a neo-fhuasgailteunrounded a (ling) neo-chruinn. ~ vowel, fuaimreag neo-chruinn neamhchruinnunsettled a neo-sheasmhachunstressed a gun bheum. An ~ syllable, lide gun bheum. There are seven or eight
syllables, depending on the number of ~ syllables, in each line, tha seachd no ochd a lidean, a-rèir àireamh nan lidean gun bheum, anns gach sreath. There will often be an extra ~ syllable in one of the half-lines, gu tric bithidh lide gun bheum a chòrr ann am fear de na leth-shreathan. It is likely that this ~ rhyme came from the mediaeval metre Ochtfhoclach bec, tha e coltach gun tànaig an comhardadh gun bheum seo bhon mheadrachd mheadhan-aoiseil Ochtfhoclach bec
(of syllable) neamhaiceanta; gan béim gutha
untensed a neo-thràthte. ~ verb, gnìomhair neo-thràthteunvoiced a neo-ghuthach néamhghlórachu quality n u-chàileachd f u-cháilíocht fUralic pr n Ùrailis Úráilis fUrdu pr n (language) Urdù f, Urdùthais f An Urdúisusage n co-chleachdadh m, gen -aidh, pl -aidhean úsáid f (focail)usage planning n phr dealbhachadh m cleachdaidh, gen dealbhachaidh chleachdaidhuse n cleachdadh m, gen -aidh, pl -aidhean
• feum m, pl —anÚsáid f, feidhm f
utterance n gnìomh-labhairt m, gen gnìomha-labhairt, pl gnìomhan-labhairt. ~ meaning, brìgh ghnìomha-labhairt. ~s and sentences, gnìomhan-labhairt agus seantansan
uvula n cìoch-shlugain f. Her ~ is inflamed, tha a cìoch-shlugain is ainteas innte sine f siainuvular a. Uvular r, r chìche-slugain Uvular r, r sine siain
Vvalency n vàlantachd f. ~ grammar, gràmar vàlantachd. ~ dictionary, faclair vàlantachd fiús mvalent n vàlant m, pl —an. Optional ~, vàlant roghnach. Obligatory ~, vàlant èignichtevalid a tàbhach. Universally ~, tàbhach gu h-uile-choitcheannvalidity n tàbhachd f bailíocht f
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value n luach m, pl —an luach m, fiúntas mvariable 1 a caochlaideach. ~ feature, feart caochlaideach. ~ rule, riaghailt
chaochlaideach2 n caochlaideach m, gen & pl -ich. Sociolinguistic ~s, caochlaidich shòise-chànanach
1 a claochlaitheach, malartach, luaineach, athraitheach. (Math) ~ quantity, cainníocht shóinseálach. 2 n athróg, (math) sóinseálach m
variance n caochlachas m, gen -ais. Analysis of ~, anailis chaochlachais athraitheas m. Analysis of ~, anailís athraithis
variant n caochlach m, gen & pl -aich. Combinatory ~, caochlaich chothlamach. Conditioned ~, caochlach cumhaichte. Positional ~s, caochlaich shuidheachail
malairt f
variation n caochlaideachd f. Conditioned ~, caochlaideachd chumhaichte. Free ~, saor-chaochlaideachd
athrú m, malartú m, claochlú m. Free ~, saormhalartú
variety n seòrsa m, pl—ichean (nat hist) sórt m, saghas mVedic pr n (lang) Vèidis fvelar a vèilearach, comp -aich. ~ consonant, consan vèilearach a & n (ling) coguasach (m)velaric a vèilearail. ~ airstream mechanism, uidheam sruth-èadhair vèilearailvelarisation n vèilearachadh m, gen -aidhvelarise v tr vèilearaich, vn -achadh m
velarised a vèilearaichtevelic a vèileach. ~ closure, dùnadh vèileach. ~ release, fuasgladh vèileachvelum n 1 (ling) vèileam m
2 (familiar) glainean m (bog)coguas m
verb n gnìomhair m, pl —ean. Active ~, gnìomhair spreigeach. Analytic ~, gnìomhair anailiseach. Auxiliary ~, gnìomhair taiceil. Defective ~, gnìomhair uireasbhach. Dependent ~, gnìomhair eisimeileach. Finite ~, gnìomhair finideach. Impersonal ~, gnìomhair neo-phearsanta. Inceptive ~, gnìomhair tòiseachail. Independent ~, gnìomhair neo-eisimeileach. Intransitive ~, gnìomhair neo-aisigeach. Irregular ~, gnìomhair mì-riaghailteach. Passive ~, gnìomhair fulangach. Predicative ~, gnìomhair aisneiseach. Regular ~, gnìomhair riaghailteach. Relative ~, gnìomhair dàimheach. Substantive ~, gnìomhair susbainteach. Synthetic ~, gnìomhair co-thàthte. Transitive #, gnìomhair aisigeach. ~ of motion, gnìomhair gluasaid. ~ of perception, gnìomhair faireachdainn
verb phrase n phr abairt f ghnìomhaireach, gen abairt gnìomhairich, pl abairtean gnìomhaireach
briathar m
verbal a gnìomhaireach. ~ phrase, abairt ghnìomhaireach. ~ root, freumh gnìomhaireach. ~ component, co-fhillteant gnìomhaireach. ~ paradigms, paradaimean, clàir, ghnìomhairean
verbal noun n phr ainmear m gnìomhaireach, gen ainmeir ghnìomhairich, pl ainmearan gnìomhaireach. This is the form of the ~ ~ in the dialect, ’s e seo an riochd a tha air an ainmear ghnìomhaireach anns an dualchainnt
briatharthaverbal noun n phr ainm briatharthaverbal noun mod ainmbhriathartha
verb-second order n phr òrdugh m le gnìomhair san dàrna àitevernacular 1 n cànan m dualchasach, gen cànain dhualchasaich, pl cànain dhualchasach
2 a. ~ form, riochd sa chànan dhualchasach. ~ language, cànan dualchasachverse n 1 (properly, stanza) rann f, gen -ainne, pl —an. ~ and paragraph are descriptive
terms for features of text, ’s e ainmean a tha ann an rann agus paragraf a bheir iomradh air nithean a bhuineas do theacsa. This song is in strophic metre, with one strophe in each ~ and four phrases in each strophe, ’s e meadrachd stròfach a tha air an òran seo, le aon stròf anns gach rainn agus ceithir abairtean anns gach stròf. In ~ 2 the second stress comes on the penultimate syllable, ann an rainn 2 tha an dara beum a’ tighinn air an lide leth-dheireannach. They should expect the poem to develop through its ~s, bu chòir dùil a bhith aca gum bi an dàn a’ fàs o rainn gu rann
2 bàrdachd f. A piece of ~, pìos bàrdachd. Bucolic ~, bàrdachd bhuachailleach. Mackenzie here reaches a level of ornamentation in his ~ that demonstrates to us how high in his artistry it is possible for a bard that is not of the first degree to go when he is working in a firm tradition, tha MacCoinnich an seo a’ ruighinn inbhe de sgeadachadh na bhàrdachd a sheallas dhuinn cho àrd na ealdhain ’s a tha e an comas do bhàrd nach eil den chiad ìre a dhol, agus e ag obair ann an dualchas daingeann
blank verse n phr dubh-rannaigheachd f3 rannaigheachd ffree verse n phr saor-rannaigheachd fmake verse v phr bi a’ bàrdachd. They used to meet and ~ ~ amongst themselves,
bhitheadh iad a’ coinneachadh agus a’ bàrdachd nam measg fhèin
1 véarsa m; ceathrú m, rann m. 2 véarsaíocht f; filíocht f
version n innse m, pl —achan (of, air). Probably there is only one ~ of this song in existence, is coltach nach eil ach an aon innse air an òran seo ann. We have only one ~ of this song, the one in E, chan eil againn ach aon innse air an òran seo, am fear ann an E
• tionntadh m, gen -aidh, pl -aidhean. The original ~, an tionntadh tùsail. Variant ~s, tionntaidhean de chaochladh sheòrsachan. There should be Gaelic ~s of all official
insint f, leagan m (ar scéal)
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documents, bu chòir gum bitheadh sgrìobhainnean oifigeil air fad rim faotainn ann an tionntadh Gàidhlig
2 expressed with teacsa m, pl —aichean. Taped ~, teacsa air clàrbasic version n phr bun-innse m, pl —achan. This song has only one ~ ~, chan eil
ach aon bhun-innse aig an òran seovertical line (') n phr loidhne f ingearach, pl loidhneachan ingearachvibrant 1 a critheach
2 n critheach m, gen & pl -ichVietnamese pr n (lang) Viet Namais fvigesimal a ficheadach. ~ numeral system, siostam àireamhan ficheadachViking 1 n Uigeanach m, gen & pl Uigeanaich
2 a Uigeanach. This change was strengthened by the traditions of the V~ settlers, chaidh an t-atharrachadh seo a dhaingneachadh le traidiseanan an luchd-thuineachaidh Uigeanaich
a & s Uigingeach (m)
violation n briseadh m, gen brisidh, pl brisidhean. ~ of biuniqueness, briseadh air co-neo-shamhlachd. Linearity ~, briseadh air lìneachas
vocabulary n briathradair m, gen & pl —ean. Pupils will be alert to the structures of words from specialist vocabularies, bidh a’ chlann mothachail air cumaidhean fhaclan à briathradairean speisealta
• briathrachas m, gen -ais. With adequate ~, le briathrachas a dh’fhòghnas. Discussion of author’s style, in terms of ~ choice, beachdachadh air stoidhle an ùghdair a thaobh taghadh briathrachais
foclóirín m, gluais f
vocal cords n phr teudan m pl a’ ghutha téada f pl an ghuthavocalic a fuaimreagach guthachvocalised a fuaimreagaichte. ~ text, teacsa fuaimreagaichtevocal organs n phr buill m pl a’ ghuthavocal tract n phr slighe f a’ ghutha (anat) respiratory tract, limistéar
m, bealach m, análaithevocative 1 a gairmeach. ~ case, tuiseal gairmeach. ~ particle, mion-fhacal gairmeach
2 n gairmeach m, gen & pl -ich(gram) ~ (case), an (tuiseal) gairmeach (m). In the ~, sa ghairmeach
vocoid n fuaimreid f, pl —ean. Contoids and ~s, contaidean agus fuaimreideanvoice n 1 (ling) guth m, gen —a. Clear ~, guth soilleir. Loud ~, guth cruaidh. Soft ~, guth
sèimh. Normal or modal ~, guth nòrmalach or guth mòdail. Creaky ~, guth dìosgail. ~ quality, càileachd gutha
2 (gram) guth m, gen —a, pl —an. Active ~, guth spreigeach. Impersonal ~, guth neo-phearsanta. Middle ~, guth fèineach. Passive ~, guth fulangach. Personal ~, guth pearsanta
1 guth m. 2 (gram) faí f. In the active ~, san fhaí ghnìomhach
voice v tr (linguistics) guthaich, vn -achadh mvoiced a guthach. ~ consonant, consan guthach. ~ and voiceless apirates,
anailichtean guthach agus neo-ghuthach• le guthvoicing n guthachadh m, gen -aidh
(ling) glóraím consanvoiced a glórach, faoi ghlórvoicing n glórú m
voice dynamics n phr dionamaig m a’ ghuthavoiceless a neo-ghuthach. ~ consonant, consan neo-ghuthach. ~ apirate, anailichte neo-
ghuthach• gun ghuth
(ling) neamhghlórach, gan ghlór
voice onset time n phr ùine f ionnsaigh ghutha. Voice onset lag, maille ann an ionnsaigh ghutha. Voice onset lead, ro-iomairt ann an ionnsaigh ghutha
volitional a = volitive a, q.v.volitive a toileasach. ~ modality, mòdaileachd thoileasachVOS language n phr cànan m GOSvowel n fuaimreag f, gen -eig, pl —an. Broad and slender ~s, fuaimreagan leathann agus
caola. Epenthetic ~, fuaimreag eipinteiseachvowel gradation n phr ceumadh m fhuaimreag, gen ceumaidh fhuaimreagvowel harmony n phr co-fhuaimneachd f fhuaimreagvowel height n phr àirde f fhuaimreig, pl àirdean fuaimreigvowel mutation n phr mùthadh m fuaimreig, gen mùthaidh fhuaimreig, pl
mùthaidhean fuaimreigvowel quality n phr càileachd f fhuaimreig, pl càileachdan fuaimreig
guta m
vrddhi n vrddhi mVSO language n phr cànan m GSOVulgar Latin pr n (lang) Gnàth-Laideann f, gen Gnàth-Laidinn
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Wwave model n phr (= Wellentheorie n) tonn-mhodail f (= Wellentheorie m)Wellentheorie n Wellentheorie mweak a lag. ~ verb, gnìomhair lag. ~ formation, co-dhèanamh lag. ~ conjugation, co-
nasgadh lag~ conjugation, réimniú m lag. ~ verb, lagbhriathar
weather verb n phr gnìomhair m aimsire, pl gnìomhairean aimsireweight n truimead m, gen -eid, pl —anwell-formed a deagh-chruthachWelsh pr n (lang) Cuimris f. The W~ Language Act should serve as a model for
Scottish legislation, bu chòir do dh’Achd a’ Chànain Chuimris a bhith na modail airson lagh a chruthachadh ann an Alba
(ling) Breatnais f
whisper n cagar m, gen -air cogar mwhispery voice n phr guth m cagarach, gen gutha chagaraichwide vowel n phr fuaimreag f leathann, gen fuaimreig leathainn, pl fuaimreagan leathannwindpipe n pìob-sgòrnain f (anat) pìoban m (garbh)word n facal m, gen -ail, pl -lan, -ail. We have so many ~s to describe the weather, tha
uimhir de dh’fhacail againn a dh’innse mun t-sìde. Using common linking ~s, a’ cleachdadh fhaclan-ceangail cumanta. A selection of terms referring to the ~s, grammar and sounds of the language, taghadh de bhriathran a bhuineas do dh’fhaclan, do ghràmar agus do dh’fhuaimean na cànain. ~ form, riochd facail. ~ stress, beum facail
word class n phr clas m fhacal, pl clasaichean fhacalword division n phr roinn f fhacalword ending n phr deireadh m facail, gen deiridh fhacail, pl deiridhean facail. This is
the ~ ~ which normally occurs in the dialect for the second person singular of the conditional tense, ’s e seo an deireadh facail a gheibhear am bitheantas san dualchainnt air an dàra pearsa shingilte den tràth chumhach
focal mword division, roinnt f na bhfocal
word-final a aig deireadh facail. Elision of ~ schwa vowels is common, tha bàthadh na nì cumanta air fuaimreagan schwa aig deireadh facail
word-formation n phr co-dhèanamh m fhacal, gen co-dhèanaimh fhacalword-initial a aig toiseach facail. The article is completely elided here, occurring as it
does between the final vowel of “mi” and ~ “l-” of “làmh”, tha an t-alt air a bhàthadh gu h-iomlan an seo, is e eadar an fhuaimreag dheireannach de “mi” agus an “l-” aig toiseach an fhacail “làmh”
word-medial a aig meadhan facail. ~ position, suidheachadh aig meadhan facailword order n phr òrdugh m fhacal, gen òrduigh fhacal, pl òrduighean fhacal. Free ~ ~,
òrdugh fhacal saorord m na bhfocal
XX-bar syntax n phr co-chàradh m X-bàr, gen co-chàraidh X-bàr
YYiddish pr n (language) Giùdais f Giúdais f
Zzero n nialas m, gen & pl -ais
zero mod nialasach. ~ anaphora, anafor nialasach. ~ derivation, bunachadh nialasach. # determiner, cinntiche nialasach. ~ morph, morf nialasach
nialas m
zero-valent a nialas-vàlantach. ~ verb, gnìomhair nialas-vàlantachzeugma n sèagma m séagma mzoonym n sònaim m, gen & pl —eanZulu pr n (lang) Sùlùthais f
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